1. Planting

Bergamot is not cold-resistant, but is more tolerant to shade. Excessive light will cause sunburn or damage shallow roots. The optimum temperature for its growth is 1-31℃, and it needs to be moved into greenhouse for wintering below ℃, and it can still grow normally at 43℃. It can be planted in the open field in Guangdong and Guangxi, with about 11 plants per mu.

bergamot is not strict with soil quality, and loose, fertile sandy loam with good air permeability and water permeability is the best, followed by yellow and red sandy soil. After the new shoots of seedlings turn green, they can be planted in all seasons, and the best planting period is January-May and August-September.

2. Fertilization

Fertilization by bergamot should be based on the age and growth of the tree. Generally, quick-acting organic fertilizer should be applied once a month from March to August in the first three years; After entering the full fruit stage, topdressing can be done three times a year, and bran cake, compost, human and animal manure and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied in time before flowering, young fruit stage and after fruit picking, especially paying attention to applying winter fertilizer.

fingered citron should be well applied with shoot-attacking fertilizer before the fruiting stage: that is, quick-acting chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure should be applied once 1 days before the spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots, generally about 3g of urea should be applied to each plant, 1g of phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with 5kg of chicken manure, and then combined with intertillage weeding, an annular ditch with a width of 3cm and a depth of 25cm should be excavated and applied, and the soil should be covered tightly. Fertilization cannot be applied after September to prevent the late autumn shoots from growing in vain.

The fingered citron can enter the fruiting period in the second year after planting, and can continuously harvest fruits for about 3 years. Fertilization should be carried out four times a year, the first time before flowering should be applied in mid-March, and 5 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine should be applied to each plant; The second time, in the flowering period, the fertilizer requirement was large, and 5 kg of decomposed chicken cow dung and 15g of urea were applied to each plant.

The third time, before and after the "Little Summer", we applied strong fruit fertilizer, and then applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizer again to promote the fruit expansion and increase the yield. One kilogram of compound fertilizer and five kilograms of decomposed chicken cow dung were applied to each plant, and at the same time, 1g grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was mixed with 5 kilograms of water to spray foliar fertilizer once, which was very beneficial to promote the vigorous growth of trees and fruit expansion.

applying fruit fertilizer for the fourth time; After fruit picking in September and October, symmetrical ditches with width of 4 cm and depth of 4 cm are excavated in the crown drip line on both sides of the plant, and 1 kg of decomposed chicken cow dung and 1 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each plant, and then they are mixed and returned to the pit.

3. Planting

After the cuttings or grafted seedlings are cultivated for one year, when the seedlings reach 5 cm, they can be planted in spring and autumn, and it is better when the temperature starts to warm up in February and the new buds are about to sprout. Generally, for cultivated land, the surrounding drainage ditches should be arranged first, and the nests should be dug according to the plant spacing of about 3m each. If the plants are planted in the corner of the field, they can be slightly dense. The diameter of the nests is about 5cm, and the depth is 3cm. The soil in the nests should be fine, and it is best to arrange them in a triangle.

to plant one seedling in each nest, it must be planted upright, with the fibrous roots extending in all directions, and the roots should be topped with fine soil, and lifted up gently several times to make the roots close to the soil, and then covered with fine soil for compaction, and finally covered with soil slightly higher than the ground.

4. Manage

the flowering period of bergamot. You can knock down the redundant flowers and male flowers, leaving only 1-2 flowers on each short branch. Or it is safer to pick it when it bears young fruits. Remove fallen leaves and branches in winter. During the growth period, with the removal of seriously diseased leaves, they are buried or burned intensively to avoid re-infection by germs. Deep ditches are opened around the ground planted bergamot garden to reduce the groundwater level, maintain appropriate soil moisture and enhance soil permeability.

spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and green fenwei on the leaves, and spraying borax at the initial and full flowering stages can improve the life span and photosynthetic capacity of leaves, promote branch maturity and nutrient accumulation, enhance plant resistance and increase yield.

5. Pruning

Cut off the trunk by 15cm, and leave 3-5 axillary buds under it to promote it to sprout strong branches and expand the crown. When the new plant grows to 5-8 cm, the top buds and lateral buds are removed, so as to cultivate a certain tree shape and promote it to enter the fruiting stage in advance.

in order to ensure the high yield and stability of bergamot, it is necessary to adjust the tree shape and prune the branches of flowers and fruits reasonably. It is not suitable to let the flowers blossom when they are planted in the same year, and the flower buds should be picked as early as possible to promote the rough growth and crown expansion of the tree. Trees entering the flowering and fruiting period are generally pruned after germination in March and fruit harvesting in autumn and winter.

When controlling flowers and fruits, attention should be paid to removing early flowers (that is, flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer, so most of the flowers that bloom at that time are male and cannot bear fruit), and the redundant axillary buds sprouted on the branches at the female flower stage should also be wiped off to reduce nutrient consumption, improve growth conditions and achieve the goal of reducing flower drop and bearing more fruits. Bergamot is rough, fast growing and has many branches, so it must be pruned and reshaped reasonably every year to make the tree vigorous and promote the uniform distribution of fruiting branches.

Pruning and shaping should be carried out after fruit picking and before germination in March, and cross branches, weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches should be cut off to grow branches in vain. Most of the short branches of bergamot are fruiting mother branches, which should be kept as much as possible. All summer shoots that grow in summer should be cut off except for individual needs to expand the crown.

6. Weeding

Flowers began to bloom around the time of the sting (March 6th), and 2-3 robust female flowers were selected for a sequence of flowers, and the rest were picked. In terms of fruit preservation technology, it is generally required to keep 1-2 fruits in one branch, and remove any more. When entering the fruiting stage, pull out the weeds around the plants by hand, and don't use a hoe to avoid damaging the roots. Five years after fingered citron planting, it should be cultivated once a year, after pruning and clearing the garden, and a thin layer of grass should be covered on the tree tray after cultivation.

7. processing

collection: bergamot begins to blossom and bear fruit 4-5 years after planting, and flowers are picked at the peak of flowering, and they are picked every morning. If there are flowers at ordinary times, they can be picked one after another. When picking the infertile flowers, if you see that the small oranges in the pregnant flowers are sharp and thin, and it is difficult to grow in the future, you can also pick them, and pick up the flowers that fall to the ground. In addition, in colder regions, young fruits are mostly frozen to death after flowering in winter, and they can also be picked. Flowers are picked back to dry or dried with anthracite.

Extended information

Because of its high ornamental value and medicinal value, bergamot has relatively high economic value. All kinds of medicinal liquor made of bergamot are fragrant, sweet and delicious, and have been affirmed by experts many times.

The health-care tea made of bergamot has won the national patent. According to the identification of the Tea Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the health-care tea of bergamot contains amino acids, vitamins and various trace elements needed by the human body, which is a new excavation of the treasure house of Chinese herbal medicine.

Aromatic oil extracted from the fruit, skin and leaves of bergamot has been used as an important raw material of high-grade tobacco essence internationally. Experts believe that using bergamot to process food, drink and brew bergamot wine has a very broad prospect.

Baidu encyclopedia-bergamot

Baidu encyclopedia-bergamot.