1965438+In February 2002, Xuan Tong announced his abdication and Yuan Shikai became the interim president of the Republic of China. China officially entered the era of Beiyang government.

Beiyang era is a very controversial era. Warlords scuffle? ,? External cowardice? Are synonymous with this era. However, when we carefully understand many things that have happened in this era, we will find that the Beiyang era is actually an era worthy of our re-examination. A closer look reveals that the weakness of Beiyang government is more a kind of helplessness and bitterness reflected by the bottom-up whole social class of that era. However, the Beiyang government, while bearing the blame, has also done many exciting things, such as Xu Shuzheng's recovery of Mongolia. Today, I am another example.

The background of Beiyang government's sending troops to the Far East was 19 14, the first world war broke out, 19 17. In March, February Revolution and October Revolution broke out in Russia, the czar's rule was overthrown, and Russia fell into chaos. At the same time, the Beiyang government also announced that it would join the Allies and declare war on Germany.

However, because China was far away from the European battlefield and its national strength was weak, the Beiyang government did not send troops to participate in the war directly, but sent a large number of laborers to support the Allies and help them transport materials and build fortifications. So many Chinese workers were killed in the front, so the Beiyang government and China also made a lot of contributions to the victory of World War I.

Therefore, based on the contribution of Beiyang government, the allies represented by the United States, Britain and France also recognized some rights that China should enjoy in the war, such as sending troops to Vladivostok later.

As mentioned earlier, at the end of World War I, the February Revolution and the October Revolution broke out in Russia, which led to chaos.

At that time, the Bolsheviks led by Lenin won the October Revolution and established the Soviet regime in Russia. However, due to the vast territory of Russia, the overthrown bourgeois provisional government (that is, the White Army) retreated eastward in succession. Soon, many cities in Siberia, including Vladivostok, gathered a large number of white troops, and the white army set up several governments here one after another. At the same time, Bolshevik members are engaged in underground work in these areas, which leads to a very chaotic situation in the Far East.

Neither the White Army nor the Bolsheviks lost some common features because of their different beliefs, such as the way they treated China people.

At that time, a large number of China people lived in the Far East. There are businessmen engaged in trade, craftsmen who come to work, and laborers who should have been sent to Europe but were stranded here because of the Russian revolution. In addition, the Far East used to be the territory of the Qing Dynasty, so when there was civil strife in China, a large number of Russians gathered here.

These China people became the targets of robbery by the White Army and the Bolsheviks. After all, the revolution needs a lot of financial support. The Far East is sparsely populated. Based on the influence of geographical factors, looting Chinese is a shortcut to raise military expenditure. In this way, a large number of China people were devastated by Russians in Vladivostok and other areas.

In order to survive, many Chinese organizations in the Far East, such as the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Vladivostok, the Russian Federation of Overseas Chinese in the North of Heihe River, the Boli Chinese Chamber of Commerce, and the Amur Federation of Overseas Chinese, have sent emergency messages to the Beiyang government, pleading with the Beiyang government to send troops to the Far East to protect local Chinese.

Although Beiyang government wanted to send troops to these Chinese organizations, it was unable to do so.

The helplessness of Beiyang government is really powerless to the emergency telegram for help sent by China people in the Far East. There are three main reasons.

First, at that time, the Beiyang government was in the struggle between the direct line represented by Feng and the Anhui system represented by Duan, and the central government was unstable. Second, at that time, Sun Yat-sen in the south and the warlords in the southwest launched a movement to protect the law, which led to domestic instability. In particular, the navy chief Cheng Biguang led the Beiyang First Fleet to take refuge in Sun Wen, which led to the devastating weakening of the fragile Beiyang government navy. Third, at that time, the northeast was under the control of Zhang, and sending troops to the Far East needed Zhang's cooperation. However, Zhang's attitude towards the two films has always been a snake at both ends, and there is no integrity at all. It is not easy to get his consent to send troops to the Far East. Fourth, Japan's interference. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan's ambition to monopolize the Northeast and the Far East was obvious. Japan has been trying to interfere and organize the Beiyang government to send troops. Therefore, based on the above four points, Beiyang government is unable to send troops to the Far East. However, when things reach a low point, there will inevitably be a turning point.

The turning point of Beiyang government's invasion was the end of 19 17, when Duan resigned as prime minister, and the dispute between Feng and Duan came to an end. Second, because the local warlords in the south left Sun Yat-sen, Cheng Biguang ran away against Sun Yat-sen, and the national defense army began to split, and the national defense movement failed. Third, in the face of urgent help from Chinese in the Far East, Zhang decided to cooperate and take the lead in sending troops to the northeast border, ready to send troops at any time. Fourthly, in the face of the civil strife in Russia and the establishment of the Soviet regime in Russia, the western countries, led by the United States, Britain and France, decided to form a 14-nation alliance to send troops to the Far East and interfere in the Soviet regime. Although Japan opposed it, the United States, Britain and France supported the Beiyang government to send troops. Therefore, the Beiyang government officially decided to send troops.

Officially sent troops 19 18 March 13, Beiyang government decided to send troops? Hai Rong? The warship sailed north. On April 9, Hairong set sail under the leadership of Captain Lin. On June 16, Hairong arrived in Vladivostok. After seeing Hai Rong, the local Chinese felt refreshed. The arrival of Hairong has brought dawn to China people who are in anxiety and fear.

After the arrival of the Hairong, the officers and men of the Hairong organized many armed performances and demonstrations on the shore, which greatly shocked the local Russians and effectively protected the interests and lives of China people.

In August, the Beiyang government once again sent 4,000 troops to the Far East to protect China people from returning home.

Beiyang government sent troops to the Far East twice, which effectively controlled the invasion of local Chinese. Moreover, it also gave China, who was poor and white at that time and had been bullied by western powers for a long time, a chance to hold his head high, which made the western powers re-examine China to a certain extent and won some respect for the weak China.

Regrettably, however, the Beiyang government did not seize the opportunity to recover the Far East in this invasion. It's a pity to think about it now.