(1) Fish species selection should be correct

Male tilapia grows fast, but if there are female tilapia in the pond, it will result in too much reproduction of offspring, resulting in too high a density of fish per unit of water, which not only affects the growth rate of the fish, but also wastes the feed, and increases the cost of aquaculture. At the same time there are female fish in the pond, male tilapia will be nesting, which will affect their growth. Therefore, the selection of fish species should be based on the high rate of males, while taking into account the characteristics of high catch rate, growth and meat production rate. (2)Suitable pond conditions

The specifications for tilapia ponds are not strict, and the area can be large or small, and even small reservoirs can be cultured. Tilapia is also an excellent choice for net culture species. Tilapia commercial fish culture pond area of 10 to 15 acres is appropriate, the pond area is too small, the water environment is not stable, is not conducive to the material cycle; too large, is not convenient for production operations. The water depth of the pond should be 1.5 to 3.0 meters. However, for tilapia ponds that need to be winterized, the water depth is required to be more than 2.5 meters. (3) the preparation before stocking

①Repairing fish ponds: after the fall draining pond water, through the freezing, drying and exposure to remove germs and hostile organisms and improve soil quality; removal of weeds, debris, digging too much silt, leveling the bottom of the pool, repairing the edge of the pool, reinforcing the embankment, dredging the injection and drainage channels, set up a fish fence, and so on. ② drug clearing: clearing method is to drain the pond, the bottom of the pond left 3 to 5 cm deep water, 60 to 75 kg per mu with quicklime, or bleaching powder (containing 30% effective chlorine) 10 to 15 kg per mu, or tea seed meal 40 to 50 kg per mu. General pond clearing should be carried out at noon on a sunny day, which can improve the efficacy of the drug. ③ Water injection and basal fertilizer: about 7 days after the pond is cleared, when the toxicity of the drug disappears, new water can be injected into the 0.5 ~ 1.0 meters, basal fertilizer to cultivate plankton and other bait organisms. Tilapia species into the pond, with the water temperature and fish growth, gradually add water to the maximum depth. (4) stocking time

Natural growing water temperature below 18 ℃, tilapia generally stop feeding, therefore, to wait until the water temperature stabilized at 18 ℃ or more, before you can stocking fish species. If stocking too early, due to low water temperature, easy to cause death; stocking too late, shorten the growth period, affecting the pond specifications and fish production. Therefore, when stocking fish species, it is necessary to grasp the appropriate timing. (5) appropriate stocking density

Fry stage stocking density of 5,000 to 20,000 tails/mu, the adult stage stocking density of 1,000 to 2,500 tails/mu, usually in order to ensure that the larger specifications on the market, stocking density of 1,000 to 1,500 tails/mu. Tilapia is mainly used for fillet processing, generally more than 400 grams can be listed, the larger the specification, the price has increased, so it is recommended to raise large-size adult fish for sale. (6) Reasonable mix of species

In the tilapia fish fry into the pond 3 to 4 months, each mu put 7 to 10 cm snakehead fish fry 80 to 100, the purpose is to control tilapia reproduction of offspring; bighead carp 30 to 50; grass carp 100 to 120; cyprinid fish 10 to 20. Do not mix other fish species of too large size at the tilapia stocking stage to prevent competition with tilapia for feed. Tilapia weighing more than 100 grams form the habit of grabbing food, and the influence of other large-size fish species on them is gradually reduced. (7) Pay attention to row, irrigation water

When adding water to the pond and drainage, we should pay special attention to prevent other wild tilapia from entering the pond, and do a good job of blocking measures in a dense net, to prevent the tilapia from reproducing in large quantities in the fish pond. (8) Regularly turn on the oxygenator

Tilapia generally do not die from floating head, but we should pay attention to turn on the oxygenator, the purpose is to make the water in the pond upper and lower levels of the cycle, to prevent tilapia floating head or dark floating, to reduce the tilapia additional nutrient consumption. When the weather is sunny, turn on the oxygenator for 0.5 to 1 hour at noon, and then turn on the oxygenator appropriately in the early morning depending on the specific situation. (9) water quality management requirements

Tilapia is relatively not strict on the water quality requirements of fat and thin, to the plankton in the water as food, relatively fat water quality can save feed, so the breeding of tilapia requires relatively fat water quality, transparency of 25 cm or so is better. Relatively speaking, the water quality in the fish breeding stage is fatter than that in the adult fish breeding stage. (10) Timely batch catch

The tilapia that reaches the market specification should be caught in time for the market, so as to make full use of the space in the water body and to ensure the continuous and rapid growth of tilapia in the fish pond. (11)Cold measures

Tilapia is not cold-resistant, in order to prevent the fish from freezing to death, the bottom of the pond should not be too much sunshine before wintering, so that the tilapia can be able to nesting and grouping of habitats over winter. Deepen the pond water as much as possible in winter, the north corner of the pond to build a windbreak shed, and in the water surface enclosure of water hyacinth, to prevent convection on the fish pond, delay the bottom of the pond cooling time. Conditional fish ponds to be transformed, deepen the pond water to more than 2.5 meters. (12) disease prevention and control

Fish disease prevention and control is one of the important aspects of pond fish production, determining the success or failure of farming. Therefore, to seriously implement the "comprehensive prevention, active treatment, prevention is more important than cure" policy. The occurrence of fish disease is the result of the interaction between the environment, pathogens and the fish body. To prevent diseases, we should regulate the water quality, control the spread and reproduction of pathogens, and enhance the physical condition of the fish through rational feeding management. When fish are found to have abnormal behavior, the cause should be investigated immediately and effective preventive and curative measures should be taken to control the development of fish disease. In terms of medication, it is important to prescribe the right medication, not to abuse drugs, and to eliminate the use of organic substances, pesticides, heavy metals, antibiotics, furans and sulfonamides that are easy to be accumulated by the fish and pollute the environment.