Soda flour colloidal and granular form

Salt prismatic shape

White sugar cube shape

MSG column shape

Alkali noodles (soda, soda ash): The scientific name is sodium carbonate, and the chemical formula is Na2CO3. Alkali noodles are edible alkali. The English name is dietary alkali. The main ingredient is sodium carbonate, and its texture is rougher than starter. Because the colors are similar, the main way to distinguish them is through the texture of hand rubbing. It is used to neutralize excess acidity when using traditional dough fertilizer. This process is called "alkali making". The dosage of alkali should be appropriate. If it is too little, it is called "small alkali", and the surface will be dead and sour. If it is too much, it is called "large alkali," and it will bloom and turn yellow. When using commercially available active yeast for baking, alkali neutralization is basically not required. Adding a little alkaline noodles when cooking polenta can increase the viscosity. Regular consumption of this polenta is especially good for people with gastric acid, and there is no need to drink soda drinks. This is like eating more vegetables without having to buy vitamin pills. It is a good way to replace food with food.

Sugar, salt, alkaline noodles, and monosodium glutamate are in the form of granular particles. Such solid substances are called crystals.

Crystal is a solid with a clear diffraction pattern, in which atoms or molecules are arranged repeatedly in space according to a certain regular period. The arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal has a periodicity in three-dimensional space and repeats at a certain distance. This periodicity is the most basic feature of the crystal structure.

Solid matter is divided into crystalline and amorphous matter. From a macro perspective, crystals that are naturally condensed and formed without external interference have their own unique and symmetrical shapes, such as table salt in the form of a cube; ice in the form of a hexagonal prism; alum in the form of an octahedron, etc.

When a crystal absorbs heat from the outside, the average kinetic energy of its internal molecules and atoms increases, and its temperature begins to rise. However, its spatial lattice is not destroyed and its regular arrangement is maintained. When it continues to absorb heat and reaches a certain temperature, the melting point, the intensity of the movement of its molecules and atoms can destroy its regular arrangement, the spatial lattice also begins to disintegrate, and the crystal begins to turn into a liquid. During the transformation process of the crystal from solid to liquid, the heat absorbed is used to destroy the spatial lattice of the crystal part by part, so the temperature of the solid-liquid mixture does not increase. When the crystal is completely melted, the temperature begins to rise again as heat is absorbed from the outside world. Amorphous materials, on the other hand, have irregular arrangements of molecules and atoms. After absorbing heat, they do not need to destroy their spatial lattice. They are only used to increase the average kinetic energy. Therefore, when heat is absorbed from the outside, they change from hard to soft, and finally become liquid. Glass, rosin, asphalt and rubber are common amorphous materials.

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