A, hyacinth basic information
Hyacinth is the dry rhizome of hyacinth plant hyacinth in the orchid family. Alias white root, ground screw, white chicken wa, goat's horn seven, Lianjiao Bletilla, purple orchid and so on. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of tonifying the lungs, stopping bleeding, eliminating swelling and regenerating muscles. It can be used to treat coughing up blood in tuberculosis, hemoptysis in bronchial dilatation, vomiting blood in gastric ulcer, urinating blood, stooling blood, etc. It can also be used externally to treat bleeding from wounds, burns, cracked hands and feet. Now use hyacinthine to do the film block, used for liver and spleen surgery stick in the incision, instead of blood clamps, the effect is very good, has a rapid blood clotting effect, can be used for surgery instead of plasma. Mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hubei. Guizhou is also cultivated.
Two, Bletilla planting technology
1. Selection of land rectification
Select loose fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly shady and humid environment, not cold hardy. Well-drained mountain planting, it is advisable to choose a shady slope to plant in the wasteland. Turn the soil more than 20 cm, stable manure and compost, 1000 kg per mu of farmyard manure, no farmyard manure can be sprinkled with three yuan compound fertilizer 50 kg, can also be applied to 100 kg of organic fertilizer. Then turn the ground to make the soil and fertilizer mix evenly. Before planting a shallow plowing, the soil is fine, harrowing, make a wide 130-150 cm raised bed.
2. Propagation methods
Bletilla hyacinthina seed sowing is more difficult, tuber propagation is easier, large area development can be used to select the group seedling propagation. Tuber propagation is generally 9 - early November will be dug out of the water hyacinth, choose the size of the medium, more bud eyes, disease-free tubers, each with 1 - 2 buds, dipped in wood ash after planting. Open ditch ditch spacing 20 - 25 cm, 5 - 6 cm deep, according to the plant spacing 10 - 12 cm to put a tuber, buds upward, filling, compaction, watering, mulching, often keep wet, March - April seedlings. Mu with seedlings 100 kilograms.
3. Field management
(1) Plowing and weeding. Bletilla in the field management weeding requirements are very strict, planting good spraying ethalfluralin closed, Bletilla seedlings out of the flush. 5 --- June Bletilla growth is very vigorous, weeds also grow very fast, weeding. Weeding combined with cradling loose beds, weeding should be shallow hoeing, lest you hurt the roots.
(2)Fertilizer hyacinth is a fertilizer plant, once a month spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dilute human and animal feces and urine, 7---August to stop growth into dormancy, but to prevent weeds.
(3) Irrigation and drainage. Bletilla like shade, often keep wet, watering in drought, watering once in the morning and evening in July to September. Bletilla and afraid of waterlogging, heavy rain timely drainage to avoid injury to the roots.
4. Pest control
(1) Root rot disease occurs in the south in the spring and summer rainy season. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to flooding and waterproofing, digging deep drainage ditches.
(2) tigers, golden needles can be artificially trapped and booby-trapped or mixed with poisonous soil, with the ground insects absolutely applied to the bed. With 50% zinc sulfur phosphorus emulsion 700 times liquid watering bed.
5. Harvesting and processing
Bletilla hyacinth planting 2 - 3 years later, 9 - October when the above ground stems withered, digging tubers to remove the soil, processing. The tubers are picked individually, and the new stalks are selected for seeding, cut off the stalks, soak them in water for 1 hour, wash the soil, put them in boiling water for 5-10 minutes, and take them out and dry them to the bed. Remove the rough skin and roots and sieve out the impurities. Generally mu harvest 800-1000 kilograms of fresh products, can be processed 200-300 kilograms.
Bletilla planting technology
Bletilla prefers warm, cool and shady environments, and does not tolerate cold. Often wild in the hilly and low mountain areas on the banks of streams and rivers, mountain slopes in the grass and under the sparse forest. Therefore, you should choose fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam or humus loam cultivation, and require cultivation on shady slopes or more shady and humid plots.