1. Construction of eel pond
1. The cement pond area is preferably 30 square meters to 50 square meters. The surface and bottom of the pond should be polished smooth to prevent eels from moving around. Medium abrasions on the skin can lead to various bacterial and viral infections. The top of the pool should be about 30 cm higher than the water level, and a natural overflow should be set up. The water outlet should be fixed with mesh to prevent the eels from escaping. There are two methods of raising eels in cement ponds, soil and soilless. In both methods, water peanuts or water hyacinths need to be planted. In the hot season, the water temperature is adjusted for the eels to rest. The entire pond can be planted and only small ones can be planted. Partial feeding port. If there is soil for breeding, it is advisable to spread 20 cm to 30 cm of soil, and the water level above the mud layer should be kept at 20 cm to 25 cm. If the water is too deep, eels will consume too much energy in their activities, and if the water is too shallow, the water body will easily The water is turbid and the water temperature changes greatly. If the water level is kept at 30 cm to 40 cm for soilless culture, the advantage of this culture model is that it has a good disinfection effect on the water body. However, for soil culture, it is difficult for the drug to reach the soil and the bottom during disinfection. And it is easy to breed various parasites and their intermediate hosts, such as leeches, flat leaf snails, cone snails, etc.
2. In rice field breeding, first dig out the soil in the rice field, bury the net cage, then put the soil back into the cage, fix the four corners of the cage, and plant water peanuts or water hyacinths, with an area of ??20 square meters. meters to 30 square meters is appropriate. It is not suitable to plant crops with rough and developed root systems, such as rice, in cages because eels have a habit of drilling into the soil and can easily scratch their skin.
3. Net culture in various ponds, lakes and reservoirs is soilless culture in cages. The area is preferably 15 square meters to 20 square meters. This is convenient for disinfection and disease treatment, and can be directly treated when the disease occurs. The cages and fish are placed in large sterilized containers. Aquatic plants such as water peanuts or water hyacinths should also be cultivated in the cages for eels to rest.
The area of ??the above various breeding models should not be too large. If it is too large, it will easily cause the size difference of eels to increase during the breeding process, which is detrimental to the growth.
2. Seed selection
You should choose eel species that are yellow with large and dense black spots. This type of eel grows the fastest; yellow eel species with small and irregular spots should be selected. Generally speaking; yellow-black ones grow slower; while jet-black or bluish-black ones grow the slowest, but this kind of seedlings are relatively fierce.
When selecting seedlings, you should be careful not to select seedlings that are damaged, electrocuted, fished, or trapped. Instead, select seedlings that are healthy, energetic, capable of swimming against the current, and respond to the gentle touch of their tail end. Rapid seedlings. When selecting seeds, seedlings of the same size and specifications should be selected, because eels cannibalize each other, especially when there is insufficient food.
3. Effects of water temperature and ph value on eel
Monopterus eel is very sensitive to changes in water temperature. The suitable growth water temperature is 15℃~30℃, and its activity is strongest at 28℃. , fast growth and high feed utilization rate. During this period, attention should be paid to feeding the eels so that they are full. When the water temperature is below 15°C, eels stop eating and enter a state of hibernation. Therefore, in the Jiangbei area, when the water temperature is unstable in April, do not add water to the pond or throw bait to lure eels out of their holes, so as to avoid eel diseases caused by large changes in water temperature. Eels can overwinter using the wet method. The method is: drain the water first to keep the soil moist. When the weather is cold or snowing, you can add a layer of straw or hay for insulation to prevent freezing; you can also use the deep water overwintering method. But there is a drawback. When the weather gets warmer in the second year, the eel's activity will increase and it will come out of the hole to look for food. However, because the weather and water temperature are not yet stable at this time, eels are susceptible to colds and other diseases.
Generally speaking, eels are fish that mainly feed on animal feed, and they require fresh feed and do not eat rotten animal feed. As far as artificial breeding is concerned, the feed of eel should be mainly animal feed, supplemented by plant feed.
1. Fresh animal feed: This type of feed mainly includes earthworms, silkworm pupae, fly maggots, snails, clams and small fish and shrimps that eels like to eat. Earthworms are eels' favorite feed, and their dry body protein content reaches 61%, which is close to fish meal and silkworm pupae. The main thing these feeds have in common is that they are high in protein content and rich in nutrients, which are beneficial to the growth and development of eels and are the main feed for eels raised in cages.
2. Plant feed: eels are mostly forced feeders on plant feed. Its digestive characteristics are that it can effectively digest animal protein, starch and fat, but it can hardly digest plant protein and cellulose. In large-scale breeding, a certain amount of plant feed is required.
This is because eels in artificial breeding environments can obtain food more easily than individuals in natural environments, eat more and eat well. Injecting a certain amount of cellulose-rich plant feed will help promote intestinal peristalsis of eels and increase their feeding intensity. . Usually, a certain amount of wheat flour (also a binder), corn flour, bran, bran and bean dregs is added to the compound feed.
3. Artificial compound feed: Feeding artificial compound feed is a trend in large-scale eel farming. In recent years, tests have proven that compound feed is suitable for eel farming. In general, compound feeds are required to have a higher protein content, generally between 35% and 45%, or even higher. At the same time, it requires a certain degree of palatability. Of course, the proportion of animal feed in compound feed is still required to be relatively large. For example, the eel feed formula 1 by Yu Jisheng from the Mingte Fisheries Research Institute in Macheng, Hubei Province is: 28% fish meal, 10% soybean cake meal, 20% earthworms (dried), 30% cooked soybean meal, 2.5% blood meal, and 1.5% corn gluten. Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, binder 5%.
4. Other feeds: According to the habits of eels, animal scraps can be used as supplementary feed for artificial eels, such as pig, cow lungs and other offal, but they must be fresh and cannot be rotten offal. . There are also insects. Some people use black lights above the cage to attract insects and feed eels with good results. Feed a certain amount of loaches, field snails, etc. in the cage, and use certain techniques to allow them to breed small loaches and snails in the cage to become live food for eels.