1. stagnation of agricultural development: during the planned economy period, China's rural agricultural development stagnated, farmers' income was low, and rural social contradictions intensified, so rural reform was imperative.

2. Rural land system: During the planned economy period, there were many problems in rural land system, such as uneven land distribution and poor land circulation, which led to the backwardness of rural economy.

3. Farmers' income: During the planned economy period, farmers' income level was low and they lived in poverty, which led to farmers' dissatisfaction and rural social instability.

4. Rural social contradictions: During the planned economy period, rural social contradictions intensified, such as the relationship between farmers and land, and the relationship between farmers and collectives, which led to rural social unrest.

In a word, there are many reasons why the villagers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang, Anhui Province have to take great risks to carry out reform, including the stagnation of agricultural development, rural land system problems, farmers' income problems, rural social contradictions and so on.