Basic information Chinese name: Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide
English name: Lentinan
English alias: Bromoduline; DRG-0171; LC-33; beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-[beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3) -beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranose
CAS:37339-90-5
Molecular Formula:C42H72O36
Molecular Weight:1152.9995
Drug DescriptionDrug Class
Anti-tumor drugsClass:Biological response modifier
Drug name
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharideEnglish name:Lentinan
Drug alias
Serial numberChinese aliasEnglish alias
1Refractory energy
2Tiandixin
3Tumor stopping energy
4Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide
5 Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide
Preparation/Specification
No. Preparation Specification
1 Injection (Powder) 1mg
2 Tablet 2.5mg
Composition/Chemical Structure: No. Composition Chemical Structure
Pharmacological Actions
Pharmacological effects
Immuno-strengthening effect, the mechanism of which in vivo, although there is no direct tumor cell killing effect, but by enhancing the body's ability to kill and prevent tumor cells. Although there is no direct killing of tumor cells in the body, it can exert anti-tumor activity by enhancing the immune function of the body. In vivo, it can enhance the activity of NK cells in spleen and abdominal cavity, induce interferon related to the dose of this product, and its activity has a synergistic effect with interleukins or interferon inducers. It has also been shown that in vitro this product enhances the anti-HIV activity of deoxythymidine nucleosides.
The combination of this product with antitumor drugs can play a sensitizing effect, especially when used in conjunction with FT-207, its - experimental animal survival than the FT-207 group alone are significantly prolonged.
Pharmacokinetics
The in vivo pharmacokinetics of this product is similar to that of dextran and other polysaccharides, and after administration to normal mice, rats, and dogs, the concentration in the blood decreases rapidly soon, and then decreases slowly, with biphasic changes, and it is mainly distributed in the liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys after 5 minutes, and the distribution in vivo of the continuous administration is the same as that of a single administration and it is mainly excreted by urine.
Indications
1. Anti-tumor with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, mainly used for gastrointestinal tumors that are not suitable for surgery or recurrence. It is used with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat small cell lung cancer, breast cancer and malignant lymphoma. It can also be used in the treatment of carcinomatous pleural and abdominal fluid.
2. Antiviral can be used for hepatitis B and AIDS, etc.
3. Anti-infection is applied to drug-resistant tuberculosis, also used in the treatment of senile chronic bronchitis.
Dosage
1.Treatment of tumors ① oral, 4-5 tablets each time, twice a day, 3 months as a course of treatment; ② intramuscular injection: 2-4mg per day, for 10-20 days; ③ static injection: 1-2mg each time, 1-2 times a week or as directed by the doctor. At the same time, FT-207 can be taken orally, 400mg/m2, or FT-207 can be given by IV drip, 0.6-1g at a time.
2. For cancerous pleural and abdominal fluid, 4mg of this product is dissolved in lOml of saline, once a week, and it is administered intra-thoracic and intra-abdominally***4 times, and at the same time, FT-207 can be given by IV or oral administration of 400-800mg a day.
3. Treatment of hepatitis B, AIDS 4mg, intramuscular injection, once a day, 8 weeks for a course of treatment.
Adverse reactions: 1. Some patients sometimes experience loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, rash, sweating, fever, mild pain at the site of intramuscular injection. Can be symptomatic treatment, serious cases can be discontinued.
2. Occasionally, leukopenia and hemoglobinopenia are seen, and anaphylaxis is rarely seen. Special attention should be paid to the occurrence of chills, irregular pulse, drop in blood pressure, abnormal sensation in the mouth, dyspnea, etc. after the use of the drug, anaphylactic shock should be immediately discontinued and first aid treatment should be given.
Interactions
Mixing this product with vitamin A preparations will make the injection turbid and should be avoided.
Precautions
1. Use with caution in children, pregnant and women of childbearing age.
2. The product should be used immediately after dissolving with saline or 5% dextrose injection, and should not be stored for a long time.
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy: 1. Combined with FT-207 for anti-tumor, it can significantly prolong the symptomatic relief and survival. This product plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer, the total effective rate of 81.8%. It also has some effect on cancerous pleural and abdominal fluid. It is also used in breast cancer and malignant lymphoma, etc. It also has good efficacy.
2. Because this product can induce the production of interferon, it has antiviral effect. It can be used for hepatitis B and AIDS etc.
3. Anti-infection is applied to drug-resistant tuberculosis, which can stop bacillary sputum and make the patient's symptoms improve, and the phagocytosis of tuberculosis bacilli by neutrophils and its conditioning effect are strengthened.
Meaning
Also known as shiitake mushroom, shiitake ear, shiitake letter, winter mushroom, thick mushroom, flower mushroom, English name: Lentinan. shiitake mushroom is China's traditional and famous edible fungi, the earliest artificial domestication cultivation in the world. Shiitake mushroom is rich in nutrients and delicious flavor, and is regarded as the "king of mushrooms". It contains more than ten kinds of amino acids, including isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, valine and other seven kinds of essential amino acids, also contains vitamin B1, B2, PP and mineral salts.
Component Function
Shroom polysaccharide is an effective active ingredient extracted from high-quality shiitake mushroom substrates, and the active ingredient in shiitake polysaccharide is β-(1-3)-D-glucan with branches, and the main chain consists of β-(1-3)-D-glucan. -(1-3)-linked glucosyl groups, and along the main chain are randomly distributed by β-(1-6)-linked glucosyl groups in a comb-like structure. Studies have shown that β-(1-3)-D-glucan, the active polysaccharide component of shiitake mushrooms, is effective in inhibiting heterologous, homologous, and even hereditary tumors.
Molecular formula: (c6h10o5)n, molecular weight: 400-800 thousand. The main components of shiitake mushroom are polysaccharides and unsaturated fatty acids, and it also contains a large amount of ergosterol and mycosterol which can be transformed into vitamin D. The shiitake mushroom polysaccharides extracted by hot water can regulate the activity of T-cells with immune function in the human rest, and it can reduce the ability of methylcholanthrene to induce tumors. Shiitake mushroom has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells, the inhibition rate of mouse sarcoma 180 is 97.5%, and the inhibition rate of Ehrlich carcinoma is 80%. Shiitake mushrooms also contain double-stranded ribonucleic acid, which can induce the production of interferon, with antiviral ability.
Functions: Inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, the use of this product can alleviate the symptoms, improve the patient's immune function, and correct the imbalance of trace elements. Shiitake mushrooms contain water-soluble fresh flavor substances, can be used as food flavorings, its main component is 5'-Usolic acid and other nucleic acid components. Its main component is 5'-uronic acid and other nucleic acid components. The flavor component is mainly shiitake essence (lentionione) generated by the decomposition of shiitake acid. Therefore, shiitake mushroom is an important edible and medicinal mushroom and flavorings for people.
Biological activity
1. Anti-tumor activity of shiitake mushroom polysaccharide
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide has anti-tumor effect, and it doesn't have the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide enters into the antibody and induces the production of a kind of cytokines with immune activity. Under the combined effect of these cytokines, the body's immune system is strengthened, and it plays a role in the defense and killing of tumor cells.
Shroom polysaccharide exerts anti-tumor activity by activating macrophages and enhancing antibody-dependent cell-induced cytotoxicity (ADDC); in addition, mushroom polysaccharide can cause vasodilatation and hemorrhage at the tumor site, leading to hemorrhagic necrosis and complete degeneration of the tumor.
2. Immunomodulation of shiitake polysaccharides
The immunomodulation of shiitake polysaccharides is the important basis of its biological activity. Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide is a typical T-cell activator, promotes the production of interleukin, and also promotes the function of monocyte macrophage, which is considered as a special immune enhancer. Its immune action is characterized by its ability to promote the production of lymphocyte activating factor (LAE), release various helper T-cell factors, enhance the phagocytosis rate of host abdominal macrophages, and restore or stimulate the function of helper T-cells. In addition, shiitake polysaccharide can promote antibody production and inhibit macrophage release.
3. Antiviral activity of shiitake mushroom polysaccharide
Japanese Dr. Ishida's research concluded that shiitake mushroom contains a kind of double-stranded ribonucleic acid, which can stimulate the release of interferon from human reticulocytes and white blood cells, and interferon has an antiviral effect. Shiitake mushroom mycelium extract can inhibit the adsorption of herpes virus in cells, thus preventing and controlling various diseases caused by herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. The UK extracted a substance from cultured shiitake mushroom mycelium that can restore T-lymphocytes infected by HIV, stimulate macrophages, and help produce antibodies to treat AIDS with safety and no side effects.
In recent years, some scholars have found that sulfated shiitake mushroom polysaccharide has anti-AIDS virus (HIV) activity and can interfere with the adsorption and invasion of retroviruses and other viruses. Japanese scholars reported that sulfated derivatives of a glucan with good antitumor effects obtained from shiitake mushroom substrates could inhibit HIV activity.
4. Anti-infective effect of shiitake polysaccharide
It is reported that shiitake polysaccharide can improve macrophage function. Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide has inhibitory effect on Abelson virus, adenovirus type 12 and influenza virus infection, and it is a good drug for the treatment of all kinds of hepatitis, especially chronic migratory hepatitis.
Applications
1. Application of shiitake mushroom polysaccharides in medicine
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharides have good therapeutic effect in the treatment of gastric cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and so on. As an immune-assisting drug, shiitake polysaccharide is mainly used to inhibit the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors, improve the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs, improve the physical condition of patients and prolong their life.
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide and chemotherapeutic agents used in conjunction, there is a reduction of toxicity, increase the effect of the role. Chemotherapeutic drugs have poor selectivity to kill tumor cells, and also have killing effect on normal cells, which produces toxic side effects and causes chemotherapy not to be carried out on schedule and according to the amount; due to insufficient dosage of chemotherapy, it often causes drug resistance of the tumor cells, which becomes intractable cancer and affects the efficacy of the treatment. Taking shiitake mushroom polysaccharide during chemotherapy can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapy; at the same time, the incidence of leukocyte drop, gastrointestinal toxicity, liver function damage and vomiting in patients during chemotherapy is significantly reduced. This fully demonstrates that the use of mushroom polysaccharide with chemotherapy can increase the efficacy, reduce the toxicity, and enhance the immune function of the patient's body.
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharides, together with other drugs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, can improve the conversion effect of hepatitis B virus markers and reduce the side effects of antiviral drugs. In addition, shiitake polysaccharide can be used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
2. Application of polysaccharide in health food field
Shroom polysaccharide is a special bioactive substance, a biological response enhancer and regulator, which can enhance the function of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. The mechanism of the antiviral action of shiitake polysaccharide may lie in its functions of enhancing the immunity of infected cells, enhancing the stability of cell membranes, inhibiting cellular lesions and promoting cellular repair. At the same time, shiitake polysaccharide also has antiretroviral activity. Therefore, shiitake polysaccharide is a kind of anti-influenza health food to be developed.
Shizuku mushroom polysaccharide capsuleShizuku mushroom polysaccharide capsule (State Drug Permit Z20080579)The main ingredients are glucan, mannose peptide and other polysaccharides, as well as a variety of amino acids, with anti-tumor, liver treatment and liver protection, and to enhance immunity and other functions.
Mushroom polysaccharide capsule has the ability to activate cellular immunity, regulate a variety of humoral immune factors, induce α-interferon generation, regulate the body's immune response, induce leukocyte infiltration of the tumor, resulting in vasodilation, hemorrhage, necrosis of the tumor site, preventing viruses from combining with the host cell, improve SOD activity, inhibit MDA production, anti-lipid oxidation, reduce cholesterol, regulate glucose metabolism, improve glucose tolerance, dilate the gastrointestinal tract to produce a sense of satiety and reduce appetite, lower blood sugar and other effects.
Tegaflu
Clinically, it is often used in combination with tegafur (FT207), adriamycin (ADR) and mitomycin (MMC) for the treatment of inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer. It can also be used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, acute and chronic leukemia, chronic viral hepatitis B. For advanced cancer patients with distant organ metastasis, the combination of this product during chemotherapy can improve the patient's systemic condition, enhance the therapeutic effect and prolong the survival period.
Adverse reactions
①Shock: It is rare, so patients should be closely observed after the drug. Symptoms such as intraoral abnormalities, chills, abnormal heart rhythms, decreased blood pressure, and respiratory distress should be stopped immediately and treated appropriately and promptly.
②Skin: occasional rash, redness, the drug should be discontinued in time, necessary for treatment.
③Respiratory system: occasional chest pressure, throat narrowing sensation, should be closely observed. When it occurs, the rate of administration should be slowed down, such as changing intravenous push to drip or slowing down the drip rate.
4 Digestive system: occasional nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
⑤Nervous system: occasional headache, headache, dizziness.
6 Blood: occasional decrease in red and white blood cells and hemoglobin.
⑦Other: occasional fever, sweating, facial flushing and other symptoms.
Precautions
1, there is no clinical experience for use in preterm, neonates and infants, use with caution.
2, although clinical trials only a very small number of patients with dizziness, chest tightness, facial flushing and other transient reactions, clinical attention should still be paid to the possibility of allergic reactions.
3. After adding the solvent, it should be shaken vigorously so as to dissolve it completely and use it immediately.
4, should be based on a doctor's prescription and follow medical advice.
5. Mixing this product with vitamin C will make the solution turbid and should be avoided.