The diameter of human immunodeficiency virus is about 120 nm, which is roughly spherical. The virus outer membrane is a lipid envelope, which comes from the host cell and is embedded with virus proteins gp 120 and gp41; Gp4 1 is a transmembrane protein, and gp 120 is located on the surface and binds to gp4 1 through non-* * valence interaction.

Internally, there is a spherical Matrix formed by protein p 17 and a semi-conical Capsid formed by protein p24. The capsid has a high electron density under the electron microscope. The capsid contains the RNA genome of the virus, enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease) and other components from the host cell (such as tRNAlys3 as a primer for reverse transcription).

Extended data

Transmission of AIDS

AIDS will not spread through the mouth and respiratory tract, and the content of HIV in sweat, saliva, urine, feces and tears of AIDS patients is extremely low, so it is not contagious. At present, the recognized transmission channels are as follows:

First, it is sexual contact.

HIV exists in blood, semen and vaginal secretions. During sexual contact, the slight damage caused by friction can make the virus "sneak in" and infect healthy people. Gay men account for a large proportion of HIV-infected people, because rectal mucosa is more fragile and easily damaged than vaginal mucosa.

Second, it is blood contact transmission.

Direct transfusion of blood from AIDS patients is the main route of blood contact transmission, followed by the use of syringes, dental instruments and surgical instruments with HIV, which may also be infected with HIV. Simply put, as long as the blood with HIV enters the human body, it may be infected.

Third, mother-to-child transmission.

If the mother suffers from AIDS or HIV carriers, her fetus may be infected with HIV through blood exchange with her mother before birth. In addition, the fetus may be infected when it passes through the birth canal or when the baby drinks the infected person's milk.

Baidu Encyclopedia-—HIV