In addition to strictly controlling diet and adhering to appropriate exercise, diabetic patients often need to take long-term or even lifelong medication. In addition to insulin, commonly used hypoglycemic drugs include oral drugs such as metformin, sulfonylureas, α-glycosidase inhibitors, etc. Long-term medication will inevitably induce some adverse drug reactions.

The most common side effects of antidiabetic drugs are gastrointestinal reactions and hypoglycemia. Many patients are concerned about the liver and kidney toxicity of drugs. Generally speaking, antidiabetic drugs themselves will not cause direct damage to the liver and kidneys. However, patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency should use it with caution. Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas can stimulate pancreatic islet B cells to secrete insulin and are suitable for non-obese type 2 diabetic patients who still have some pancreatic islet function. Adverse reactions can easily lead to hypoglycemia, and others include weight gain, skin allergies, etc.

It is currently the drug with the strongest hypoglycemic effect besides insulin. Common drugs include gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, etc. Its hypoglycemic mechanism is to promote the release of pancreatic islets. Beta cells secrete insulin. Biguanide drugs

Metformin is currently widely used in this drug. Its adverse reactions include: irritation of the digestive tract, skin allergies, and the most serious side effect is lactic acidosis! Some elderly patients need to pay more attention to dosage and usage when their liver, kidney, heart and lung functions are not good.

The commonly used biguanide hypoglycemic drugs in China include metformin and phenformin. This type of drug has an obvious feature, that is, it can significantly reduce the blood sugar of diabetic patients, but when it is taken by normal people, it has a negative impact on blood sugar. No significant impact. When patients take biguanide hypoglycemic drugs, they may experience symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. Gastrointestinal reactions

Generally speaking, the gastrointestinal reactions of antidiabetic drugs are not serious, but they may also occur in some patients, including loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain, etc. After the dosage is reduced, the gastrointestinal reactions are small. The tract reaction may be reduced or disappeared, and it is rare to affect the liver and cause toxic hepatitis. Skin allergic reactions

Including skin itching, erythema or urticaria, skin allergies to light, etc. Patients with mild symptoms can continue to take medicine, and patients with more severe symptoms can take some anti-allergic drugs. Those with more severe symptoms should not I stopped taking hypoglycemic drugs. It should be noted that because sulfonylurea drugs and sulfonamide drugs belong to the same category, people who are allergic to sulfonylurea drugs should also be careful about being allergic to sulfonylurea drugs. However, clinically, there are not many people who are allergic to sulfa drugs and also allergic to sulfonylurea drugs. Conclusion

For patients with renal insufficiency, it is best to choose hypoglycemic drugs that are not excreted by the kidneys, such as glazidione and repaglinide, to avoid increasing the burden on the kidneys. For patients with severe renal insufficiency, oral hypoglycemic drugs are prohibited and insulin therapy should be used instead.

The gastrointestinal tract has a tolerance process to drugs, so it is recommended that when using glycosidase inhibitors, biguanides and other drugs, start with a small dose and gradually increase to a therapeutic dose over 1-2 weeks.