1. infection: generally it has a causal relationship with stones. Urinary tract infection is a factor leading to the formation of stones in urine. When the crystal concentration is too high and supersaturated, stones will form after crystallization. After the formation of stones, it can lead to repeated urinary tract infections, so stones and infections are mutually reinforcing;
2, poor urination: including poor upper urinary tract and lower urinary tract, causing urinary retention or increased residual urine volume. Renal urine can not be discharged, which can be seen in ureteral obstruction, urethral stricture, prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy. , leading to hydronephrosis, ureteral dilatation and residual urine in bladder. If urine accumulates in the urinary tract for too long, it will easily lead to the increase of urine concentration and infection, thus promoting the occurrence of stones;
3. Drug factors: Some drugs, such as ceftriaxone, and some drugs related to metabolism are also easy to lead to stone formation;
4, metabolic abnormalities: such as uric acid stones, cystine stones are the formation of uric acid metabolic disorders. In addition, there are some stones accompanied by calcium metabolism disorder, which can be seen in hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. And it is easy to cause calcium-containing stones to appear repeatedly;
5. Congenital urinary tract malformation: Congenital malformations such as horseshoe kidney, fused kidney, ectopic kidney, or malformation of ureteropelvic junction, etc., can lead to poor urine discharge, which is also a factor that easily leads to the formation of stones.