1, language accumulation

(1) Pronunciation of New Words

About between Chu, Langya and Mohe.

Cave (míng), Wild (yǔlǐ), mountain products (yáo) and Pheasant (s).

The shooter's (zhòng) and (gūng) are staggered (tuí) but the shadow (yì).

(2) Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times

(3) Flexible use of parts of speech

Six or seven miles on the mountain, nouns as adverbials.

Those who have pavilion wings are like bird wings.

What is named is named, and nouns are used as verbs.

Alcoholics are also named after themselves, and nouns are used as verbs.

I don't know that the joy of satrap is also the joy of (former music). Fun, noun.

(4) Special sentence patterns

(1) The ellipsis "Get its heart and contain its wine" means "Get its heart and contain its wine".

② Judgment sentence "... zhe ... ye": one of the ancient Chinese judgment sentences. "Zhe" plays a soothing role, has a compound referential function, leads to the predicate, and "Zhe" can also be omitted; "Ye" is used after the predicate to strengthen the tone and help to judge.

2. Structural analysis

Step 3 focus on it

Master the author's writing techniques of expressing feelings and mountains and rivers in his articles, so as to dispel the depressed feelings of being relegated.

Third, key knowledge induction.

(A) "Yueyang Tower" (Author: Fan Zhongyan)

1, talk about the content of the word "different" in two sentences: "Looking at the feelings of things, we can get that there is nothing unusual" and "the hearts of the ancients are different, or both are different".

The "difference" of "seeing the feelings of things, there is no wonder" refers to the different feelings of "moving guests" caused by different natural scenery, that is, the two different moods of "sadness" and "joy", and "the ancient benevolent heart, or the difference between the two" means that the ancient benevolent people are different from the above-mentioned "moving guests" and are not affected by the quality of natural scenery.

2. How to read the parallel prose of Yueyang Tower, especially the parallel prose?

(1) When reading compound sentence, the rhythm must be even, and the four words are all two words, such as "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself"; The rest are divided into rhythms according to the meaning, such as "Topic/Distant Mountain, Swallow/Yangtze River", "Living/Hall/High/Worrying about its people, Living/Jianghu/Far/Worrying about its monarch".

(2) There must be a long pause between two adjacent parallel sentences, such as "sun/hidden glow, mountain/invisibility; /Business trip/No, it's ruined. "

3. When writing an article, I often use one or two epigrams to cheer up the whole article, answer the following questions, and understand the role of the epigram "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" in the whole article.

Teng Zijing's "Defending Baling County" and "Rebuilding Yueyang Tower". What does this mean?

This shows that Teng "does not think about self-pity" in adversity and still manages political affairs with great efforts. It can be seen that his broad mind is different from the general "mobile guest".

(2) What words did the author use to summarize the "sadness" and "joy" of the "migrant poet"? What is the purpose of this writing?

"Going home, worrying and sneering" summarizes the "sadness" of "moving guests"; "I am relaxed and happy, and I am ashamed to forget" summarizes the "happiness" of "moving guests" The purpose of this writing is to compare the sadness and joy feelings of this kind of people with the "heart of benevolence", which leads to the following, and naturally turns from writing feelings to discussion, highlighting the main idea of the full text.

(3) In the last paragraph, how did the author put the above epigram in a prominent position?

The author skillfully uses the way of asking questions to advance step by step, and finally points out the epigram. First, ask questions in a comparative way, and clarify the connotation of "the heart of ancient benevolent people" with "if you don't like things, you will worry about your husband", which shows the broad mind and noble moral sentiment of "ancient benevolent people". From this, we can draw the conclusion that "we are worried when we advance, and we are worried when we retreat". Highlighting the word "worry" naturally leads to the second question "When to be happy", which makes the article by going up one flight of stairs. I was deeply impressed by the epigrams that appeared after asking questions.

4. What's special about the idea and conception of this article?

According to historical records, Teng asked Fan Zhongyan to take notes, especially attaching a picture of the Dongting in late autumn, and said, "Mountains and rivers are not obvious unless there is a view of the building, and it won't be long before you visit the building." However, The Story of Yueyang Tower transcends the narrow realm of simply writing landscapes and architecture, and combines the gloomy changes of nature, the ups and downs of rain and shine with the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving guests", focusing on expressing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. The whole article seems to be rambling, but in fact it is of great significance. Teng and Fan Zhongyan are scholars of the same clan (the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu, namely 10 15), and they are very friendly. Teng was accused of using public funds without authorization and was demoted. He was "angry and depressed" when he arrived in Yuezhou. Others celebrated the completion of Yueyang Tower, but he replied, "How successful?" Just a few more games. "It can be seen that his mood is extremely low. Fan Zhongyan took the opportunity of taking notes, implicitly and tactfully advised him to "not be happy with things, not sad for himself", and tried to infect his old friends with his feelings of salvation and optimism of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" This is the fate of this paper, and it also determines the style of combining narrative with discussion.

5. How to understand "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"?

After enumerating the two situations of sadness and joy, the author's style of writing suddenly stirred up, revealing a nobler ideal beyond these two situations, that is, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself"! Being touched by things is human nature, but it is not the highest state of being a man. In ancient times, benevolent people were determined and did not waver because of changes in external conditions. Whether it is "living in the temple" or "traveling in the rivers and lakes", the heart of worrying about the country and the people will not change. "I am also worried about entering, and I am also worried about retreating." This seems counterintuitive and somewhat incredible. In this regard, the author drew up a question and answer, and issued an oath of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" under the guise of the words of ancient saints. The end of the song is elegant and points out the main idea of the whole article.

(2) Zuiweng Pavilion (Author: Ouyang Xiu)

1, what is the significance of this article?

This is a beautiful travel note about mountains and rivers, but after reading it, people feel that it is not just a record of mountains and rivers, but many thoughts and feelings of the author. The author himself admits that "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers." So, how to understand the meaning of drunkenness? Is it a positive attitude towards life? Only by combining the creative background of this article can we accurately grasp the meaning of "drunkenness". The failure of the "Qingli New Deal" made the Northern Song Dynasty lose an opportunity for reform and prosperity. Fan Zhongyan's "ten things" for Song Renzong, including reforming official management, selecting and appointing talents, strictly observing law and discipline, and enriching Qiang Bing, have not been realized. In this regard, Fan Zhongyan regards Geng Jie's vulgarity as "worrying about advancing and retreating", while Ouyang Xiu's "having fun with the people" is generous and kind. Their behavior patterns are different, but their spiritual essence is the same. In contrast, Ouyang Xiu's performance embodies the traditional Confucianism. For example, The Book of History says: "Virtue is only good at politics, and politics will support the people." Therefore, "the meaning of drunkenness is not in the wine, but in the mountains", and more concerned about "the joy of the people." Only in this way can we grasp the main idea of this article.

2. What are the characteristics of the level and context of this article?

This paper adopts narrative style, with distinct levels and clear context. The full text uses 2 1 word "leaf", and each "leaf" not only helps to stop the tail, but also marks the turning point of the article. In this way, the text is turned over at will, exposed layer by layer, and woven into an embroidered article. For another example, except for the first paragraph, there is a leading word at the beginning of each paragraph, which leads to the following. From "Ruofu" to "As for" and then to "Already", a picture scroll from scenery to amusement to return begins.

3. What is the author enjoying? Please look carefully and talk about your understanding.

The author's "happiness" can be summarized into three aspects: first, "the happiness of mountains and rivers", and because "the four seasons are different, the happiness is endless"; The second is "the joy of feasting", which is close to "eating pheasants in the mountains". The wine is "not silk or bamboo", and everyone "sits up and makes noise", which is too defensive. The third is "happy joy", so the composition tells stories. Three pleasures are one, all of which are "having fun with the people".

4. Good prose should be picturesque and create beautiful artistic conception. This paper attempts to analyze how Zuiwengting Ji realizes the harmonious unity of scene, meaning and environment.

First, the beauty of mountains and rivers. In the author's pen, the distance of Zuiweng Pavilion is a landscape painting. There are mountains, springs, forests and pavilions. But the author does not use ink in isolation, but interweaves them together, which is both beautiful and diverse. The "beautiful" Langya Mountain is beautiful and winding. With mountains as the background and spring all around. The road in shenlin is winding, and the spring flow is winding. "There is a pavilion wing on the spring." Here, by the mountains and the waters, it shows the coolness of the spring, and the pavilions just stand on the spring, which means another scenery. In this way, without mountains, the brewing spring is not beautiful; Without spring, Qingshan is lonely. Without a pavilion, the mountain spring is eclipsed; With springs, pavilions are more interesting. The mountain springs depend on each other, and the spring pavilions set each other off. There are all kinds of landscapes and pavilions in a painting, which reflect colors and form a poetic and beautiful realm.

Second, the beauty of change in the morning and evening. The author wrote about the beautiful scenery of Zuiweng Pavilion changing in the morning and evening. "The rising sun rises, flowers bloom in the forest, clouds return to the cave, changes are bright, and sooner or later in the mountains." On Dongshan Mountain, the sun shines directly on the earth. The lush forest was originally shrouded in gauze-like fog, but after the sun shone, the fog disappeared and showed a fresh green color. In the evening, as the sun sets, the cave is in complete darkness. The author vividly described the different scenery in the morning and evening. Because morning and evening are different, the tone and atmosphere of the author's pen are different. In the morning, there is a quiet and fresh breath, and at night, there is a dark image and a hazy atmosphere. The author's observation of landscape changes is thorough and meticulous, and his brushwork is like silk, and he writes different realms according to different scenes.

Third, the change of the four seasons is beautiful. The author not only wrote the scenery in the morning and evening, but also further developed the pen and ink with Zuiweng Pavilion as the center, describing the scenery changes of the four seasons. "Wild incense is fragrant, beautiful wood is cloudy, wind and frost are expensive, the truth comes out, and it is also in the mountains at four o'clock", which is indeed a vivid pen. The author has carefully selected the most distinctive scenery to describe here. The grass is growing, and the fragrance is spring; Tall trees and lush branches and leaves are the scenery in summer; The wind is bleak, and the autumn dew is heavy; The water is thin and the stone is dry, and the vegetation is withered. With the change of the four seasons, the scenery is different, each with its own realm, and four pictures appear, giving people different aesthetic enjoyment. At the same time, the four pictures set each other off, and the bright spring scenery set off the chill of autumn; The lush summer scenery sets off the cold winter scenery.

Fourth, the beauty of dynamic and static contrast. Let's talk about the dynamic and static contrast between scenery and scenery first. The majestic Langya Mountain is static, the gurgling spring is dynamic, the mountains are lush and pleasing to the eye, and the spring sounds are beautiful, which set each other off. "The Woods are overcast, singing above and singing below", and the silence of the trees contrasts with the singing of birds, which complement each other. Let's talk about the contrast between the scenery and the characters. "Sunset in the mountains, the characters are scattered, and the guests are smooth." The setting sun resting on the top of the mountain is its quietness, the figure moves away and returns to dusk one after another is its movement. Static scenery and dynamic people set each other off. Finally, the dynamic and static contrast between the characters. "The loser sings on the way, and the walker rests on the tree." There is singing and resting, and there is movement and silence. "Those who sit up and make noise are all guests' pleasure, while those who are white-haired and humble are too defensive and drunk." In contrast to the noisy movements of the guests and the quiet silence of self-restraint, it is full of life. Due to the author's comparison in many aspects, the prose has a distinct artistic conception, and the scenery, water color, human feelings and drunkenness are integrated into one painting, each with his own feelings.