Thalassemia is a chronic hemolytic anemia in ineffective hematopoiesis caused by gene mutation or gene deletion of protein chains needed for hematopoiesis, which is a group of monogenic hereditary diseases that seriously threaten human health, and it is widely caused at home and abroad because of its lethal and disabling nature, which can lead to birth death or defects. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out prenatal diagnosis, which can effectively prevent the birth of patients with severe thalassemia. At present, it is the main method to reduce the burden of disease. < P > According to the data report of China's health organization, about 15 million people are gene carriers of hemoglobin disease, and about 3, children with various severe hemoglobin diseases are born every year. Using gene detection technology, the mutation sites of A and B thalassemia genes can be accurately detected, which provides a criterion for prenatal care. It is of great value to guide eugenics. Through a series of measures such as prenatal screening and genetic counseling, the birth of defective fetuses is effectively reduced, which is in line with China's eugenics policy and greatly improves the quality of our population.