How to raise chickens:

First, the feeding of chicks

The main task is to improve the survival rate. Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of high-quality chickens should reach more than 97% before100-120 days.

(a) to meet the living conditions of chicks

1. temperature Heat preservation is the key to the success or failure of brooding. The suitable temperature in brooding period is 1 week 32-35℃, and then it will drop by 3℃ every week, and then it will begin to lose temperature after 4 weeks. After that, it is best to keep the indoor temperature around 25℃. Whether the temperature is appropriate or not should be judged according to the behavior of chicks during heat preservation operation. When the temperature is suitable, the chicks will spread evenly; If the chicks are tired, wheezing or even prostrate, and their feet are dry, it means that the temperature is too high; If the chicks huddle together and squeak, it means that there is a thief wind entering. At this time, you should carefully check whether there is air leakage in doors, windows and ceilings. Heating equipment such as brooding umbrella, pit, flue, stove and gas stove can be used for temperature supply.

2. humidity. Chickens need to be raised under dry conditions, and the appropriate humidity is 60%-70% before 10 day old and 50%-60% after 10 day old. The chicken's feeling of temperature is related to humidity. The wetter it is in summer, the hotter it is, and the wetter it is in winter, the colder it is.

3. Ventilation. The purpose of ventilation is to reduce the density of harmful gases and dust in the house, replenish fresh air, maintain the airflow speed in the house, and adjust the temperature and humidity in the house. Generally, the ammonia concentration in the shed is required to be lower than 20× 10 (upper right minus 6), that is, it is appropriate that people will not be stimulated when they walk into the henhouse. The relationship between heat preservation and ventilation should be handled well in the brooding stage. Even in the coldest weather, it is necessary to ensure ventilation for a certain period of time. Specifically, first increase the temperature in the house, then open the window (or exhaust fan) for ventilation for a while, and then close the window (or exhaust fan) when the temperature in the house drops below the required temperature. Repeated ventilation for several times can achieve the goal. The henhouse where big chickens are raised should also pay attention to ventilation. The henhouse can be equipped with exhaust fans for horizontal or vertical negative pressure ventilation. Or install a horn fan for positive pressure ventilation. If longitudinal negative pressure ventilation and water curtain equipment are combined, it can play a role in ventilation and cooling at the same time.

4. density 1-30 days old, with about 30 animals per square meter on the ground or online; Multi-layer cage culture (equipped with negative pressure ventilation system) is 46-60 per square meter. 31-60 days old, and the ground or online rearing is about 0/5 per square meter/kloc-0; Ladder cage culture is 25-30 per square meter. 61-100 days old, the ground or online level is about 8 per square meter; Ladder cage culture is 0/2-15 per square meter.

5. light. Chickens are illuminated all night on day 1-2, and the illumination is stopped at night at other times1hour, that is, the illumination time is kept for 23 hours, so that even if the power is cut off, chickens will not be frightened and piled up. The principle of light intensity is from strong to weak. 1-2 weeks old, there should be 2-3 watts of light per square meter (the light is about 2 meters away from the chickens); From the third week of age, the light intensity was changed to 0.7-1.5 watts per square meter. In fact, as long as the chickens can only see the drinking water, it is enough.

6. padding. 1-4-day-old chicks can be reared online with kraft paper. After that, the bedding used for ground leveling should be dry, soft, absorbent, not moldy and appropriate in length and thickness. Commonly used padding materials include sawdust, coarse chaff, chopped corn stalk, straw, broken corn cob and so on. The wet padding around the drinking fountain should be replaced in time.

7. drink water. Drinking cups and water tanks can be used for online flat cultivation or ground flat cultivation, and water tanks or nipple drinking equipment can be used for stepped cage cultivation, but drinking cups should be used for drinking water within 1 week. The water source for chickens to drink can come from deep well water or tap water, while the water from shallow well water or river water can only be used after repeated filtration and clarification by sand and gravel and disinfection by bleaching powder or other disinfectants. Make sure that the drinking water is clean and hygienic, and pay attention to ensuring that chickens only have enough drinking places.

8. feed. You should choose full-price pellet feed or concentrated feed produced by feed manufacturers with stable quality and good reputation, and chicken farms with certain technical personnel and production equipment. You can also prepare full-price feed by yourself according to the following recommendation table of nutrient composition standards for medium-speed and high-quality chicken feed (see table 1), but it is best to use full-price pellet crushed feed produced by famous brand manufacturers for chicks first.

9. Kill flies and rats. The humidity of chicken manure should be reduced as much as possible, and the time for removing chicken manure should not exceed 1 week; Or adding a proper amount of fly-killing drugs into the feed (for example, adding 250-500 grams of fly-killing premix per ton of feed) can greatly reduce the number of flies, and if necessary, drugs can be put in to kill mosquitoes and flies. Use drugs regularly to kill rats, usually once a quarter.

10. Disinfection and sanitation. After a batch of chickens are transferred out of the henhouse, they should be cleaned and disinfected in time.

(2) Do a good job in brooding.

1. Make a plan for seedling entry.

2. Make preparations before hatching.

3. Pick up the chicks.

4. Pay attention to the drinking water and feeding of chicks.

5. Do a good job in raising chicks.

Two. Do a good job in the management of medium and large chickens.

1. When the flocks are transferred to the middle hen house (which has been thoroughly cleaned and disinfected), the chick feed and the middle hen feed are used to transition to the middle hen feed in three days, that is, 2/3 chicks feed and 1/3 chicks feed on the first day, half chicks feed and half chicks feed on the second day, and 2/3 chickens feed and middle hen feed on the third day.

2. Water-soluble multivitamins and antibiotics can also be used to drink water for 3-4 days before and after chicken transfer, so as to reduce the stress reaction of chicken transfer and refueling, and to control concurrent infection.

3. Use less irritating disinfectants (such as Baijie, Baidusha, high-efficiency iodine or Youchlorine, etc., see the instructions for use) to spray the chickens, 2-3 times a week.

4. Do a good job of immunization during the feeding period of Chinese chickens.

5. Chinese chickens should start to be divided into strong and weak groups and male and female groups.

6. Roosters can be castrated when they are raised to 50-60 days old, which is easy to fatten, tender and delicious. Stop feeding for half a day before castration, and inject 70,000-80,000 units of penicillin and streptomycin into each muscle after operation to prevent infection.

7. When the chickens are raised to 55-65 days old, they are transferred to the big chicken house for feeding. If you are flat, you don't need to transfer. It takes 3 days to gradually transition the medium chicken feed to the big chicken feed.

8. Chickens can be fed with 2%-6% lard (or a part of vegetable oil) after 70 days of age to improve the metabolic energy of diet, promote fat deposition in chickens and increase the luster of feathers. Lard or butter should be heated and boiled before it can be added to feed, otherwise it will easily cause diarrhea in chickens.

9. Chickens: In the later period of feeding, attention should be paid to selecting feed raw materials rich in lutein (such as high-quality yellow corn, corn gluten meal, alfalfa meal, pine needle powder, grass meal, etc.) to match the diet, and artificial colors (such as Jialihong, Jialihuang, Lukangding Red, Lukangding Yellow, etc.) can also be added to the feed to enhance the pigment deposition of chicken skin, thus making the three yellow characteristics more obvious.

Fourth, improve weight gain

(a) do a good job in summer heatstroke prevention and cooling measures. (1) In hot weather in summer, the ventilation of chicken coops should be increased as much as possible, including natural ventilation on the structure of chicken coops, positive pressure ventilation by manually installing fans, negative pressure ventilation by installing exhaust fans, etc. (2) Spray or spray water on the roof of the henhouse, and pay attention to using deep well water with low water temperature as much as possible. (3) The cooling effect of fine droplets spraying in the henhouse is obvious. (4) Reduce the feeding density. (5) Feed at 4: 30-5: 30 in the morning, and feed at night. When it is cool, chickens only eat more feed, which is beneficial to gain weight. (6) Turn over the feed for many times to stimulate the chickens to peck or grab the feed. (7) Adding anti-thermal stress drugs such as vitamin C (added per ton150-300g) to feed or drinking water. (8) Properly increase the nutritional concentration of feed, so that chickens can meet the corresponding nutritional requirements when eating limited feed.

(2) Take measures to prevent cold and keep warm in winter. On the one hand, we should pay attention to cold and warmth in the design of chicken coop, on the other hand, we can take some auxiliary heating measures in chicken coop.

(3) Scientific feeding management. (1) Feeding a multi-protein diet in the early stage of feeding is helpful to the growth of chicken skeleton and muscle, and feeding a high-energy diet (adding lard, butter, etc.) in the later stage, so that the chicken can deposit fat to achieve the goal of rapid fattening. (2) Improve the palatability of feed, such as adding allicin or other chicken spices to feed. (3) Chickens fed with complete granular feed can be put on the market 3-5 days earlier than chickens fed with powder. (4) Ensure that the feed is fresh and free from mildew and deterioration. Generally, the shelf life of granular materials should not exceed 1 month, while that of powder materials should not exceed 4 days, and attention should be paid to ensuring the fresh quality of feed raw materials when preparing powder materials. (5) Male and female should be raised in groups.

(4) Minimize the stress response caused by group transfer. (1) Before the transfer, the henhouse to be entered into the flock should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. (2) Feeding some antibacterial drugs and multivitamins for 3-5 days before and after the transfer is beneficial to improve the anti-stress ability of chickens. (3) Transfer time: In winter, you should choose a sunny day without wind, preferably at noon; In summer, you should avoid the hot time in the middle and afternoon, and try to choose in the morning or night. (4) Stop eating feed for half a day before switching groups, but give enough water. (5) When transferring a group, you should handle it with care. When catching a chicken, you should grasp its legs. It is forbidden to scratch its head, neck and wings. Don't put too much in the cage to avoid crushing and suffocating the chicken. (6) After the transfer, it should be noted that chickens are too alarmed because they don't adapt to the new environment. Some chickens' legs and wings may be caught by cages and iron bars, which may cause inconvenience in drinking and eating. If they are not corrected in time, they may die of exhaustion. For example, if the head of a chicken is caught by cages, it will often suffocate. (7) Pay special attention to observe whether drinking water and eating materials are normal after the transfer. (8) There should be a 3-day transition time in the refueling process after group switching. (9) The light intensity in the henhouse should be temporarily weakened after the flock transfer, so as to reduce the phenomenon of pecking at each other and the stress reaction of the flock.

(5) Adopt the feeding system of "all in and all out". At least keep the same batch of chickens in the same henhouse and slaughter them at the same time.

Attached formula:

1.(0-5 weeks old): ① Fish meal 6%, soybean meal 24.7%, bran 3%, corn 6 1.6%, secondary flour 1.5%, additive 3.2% (purchased in the market, just add and mix well. Contains vitamins; Trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, manganese, cobalt, etc. Calcium and salt; Amino acids, etc.)

2 .. Formula for over 5 weeks old: fish meal 8%, soybean meal 19.%, bran 2.5%, Wang Mi 67%, oil residue 0.5% and additive 3%, as above.

3. Formula of feed in laying period: fish meal 3%, soybean meal 12%, bran 7.8%, Wang Mi 46. 1%, rice bran 2%, distiller's grains 4%, secondary flour 22. 1% and additive 3%. be the same as the above