Demyelinating disease of white matter is also called demyelinating disease of central nervous system. Demyelinating diseases of central nervous system are a group of diseases characterized by myelin destruction or demyelination of brain and spinal cord. Demyelination is the characteristic manifestation of its pathological process, including hereditary and acquired two categories. The former is mainly due to the lack of some enzymes caused by genetic factors, which leads to the disorder of myelin metabolism, which is collectively called leukodystrophy. Such diseases are rare and have different clinical manifestations, such as developmental retardation, progressive mental decline, convulsion, progressive paralysis, muscle tone change, ataxia, optic atrophy, nystagmus, induced deafness and family history. Diagnosis requires pathological or enzymatic examination. Acquired demyelinating diseases of central nervous system can be divided into demyelinating diseases secondary to other diseases and inflammatory demyelinating diseases mediated by primary immunity.