First, planting time
Most of the harvested garlic and young garlic shoots are sown in September-1October, and those cultivated as green garlic are sown in August. Generally, garlic is not very strict about sowing date.
Second, the garlic planting method
1, soil preparation and base fertilizer application: The root system of garlic is distributed in the topsoil, and the root absorption capacity is weak. The plot where garlic is planted should be deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is generally about 20cm, and it should be carefully plowed, raked and compacted, without obvious stubble, so as to achieve "neat, loose, broken and clean". In general, the base fertilizer is mainly decomposed farmyard manure, and garbage manure and plant ash can be added. The base fertilizer is about1500-2000 kg per mu, which is generally planted in open compartments, with a compartment width of10-140 cm and a compartment height of15.
2. Selection and treatment of garlic cloves: garlic cloves should be selected and graded before subsidies, and garlic with early maturity and characteristics of this variety should be selected as garlic seeds. When sowing, garlic cloves are divided into three levels according to the size of garlic cloves, which is convenient for field management. In order to break the dormancy period of garlic cloves and promote germination, the cloves can be soaked in water for1-2 days before sowing.
3. Sowing: When sowing, first open a ditch from one end of the compartment, sow garlic cloves in sequence according to the plant spacing, then open a second ditch according to the row spacing, and cover the first ditch with the nature of the second ditch, and then proceed one by one. After covering the soil, a layer of corn stalk can be covered to prevent the surface soil from hardening. For harvesting garlic and young garlic, the row spacing is13-20cm, the plant spacing is10-13cm, and the seeds used per mu are100-500kg. If green garlic is cultivated, the row spacing is10-13cm, and the plant spacing is10-13cm.
4. Fertilizer and water management and intertillage: topdressing human and animal excrement and urine for 2-3 times at seedling stage, and applying heavy fertilizer once after wintering to promote the elongation of garlic shoots and the swelling of garlic heads. Topdressing should not be too thick to avoid rot. Before the garlic overwinters, watering can be combined with topdressing, drainage should be paid attention to during the bulb expansion period, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much. When garlic seedlings are young, deep intertillage can be carried out, and shallow intertillage is suitable when the seedlings are 35 cm high. At that time, diligent intertillage should be carried out during the growth period, and the soil is loose.
5. Harvest of garlic bolts: The quality of garlic bolts is very fast. Generally, when the inflorescence bracts of garlic bolts protrude from the leaf sheath by 7-10 cm, it is the best time to harvest garlic bolts. The method is to cut the false stems with a knife from noon 1 1 to 3 pm every day, and take out the garlic bolts.
6. Harvest of garlic: The garlic harvest season is generally in the middle and late May, around Xiaoman. About 20 days after the garlic bolt is harvested, it is the suitable harvesting period when the garlic leaves are half to one third. After harvest, garlic should be dried in time to make it dry thoroughly. The usual practice is to cover garlic leaves and dry it in the field for 10 day, then cut off the garlic whiskers and put them in a ventilated place to continue drying. When the garlic stalks are 80% to 90% dry, cut the garlic stalks by 2 cm and put them in bags, and put them in a ventilated place to continue drying, but you can't directly expose them to the sun.