Chinese name Isatis indigotica Fortune
Latin name Isatis indigotica Fortune
Alias Isatis indigotica Fortune
Plantae
Porte des angiosperms (Magnoliophyta)
Family Cruciferae
Part of the tribe Clerodendreae Briar (Clerodendreae Briar)
Part of the family Clerodendreae (Clerodendreae)
Part of the tribe Clerodendreae. Clerodendreae Briq.
Genus Clerodendrum Linn.
Subgenus Clerodendrum Linn.
Subgenus Clerodendrum Linn.
Species Clerodendreae Briq.
Participating regions: East, Central and South China, Southwest China (except Sichuan), North Korea, Vietnam, and Malaysia
Effectiveness: fever, hair spots, dengue poisoning, sore throat, and fever. Throat swelling and pain
Functions
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Clearing heat, detoxification, cooling the blood, stopping bleeding. It is used in the treatment of fever and thirst in warm diseases, influenza, acute infectious hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, acute gastroenteritis, acute lung
Da Qing Ye
Da Qing Ye
inflammation, dengtoxin, vomiting of blood, epistaxis, jaundice, dysentery, laryngeal paralysis, mouth sores, carbuncle and swollen poison. [2]
1. "Bie Lu": "Healing seasonal headache, great fever, mouth sores."" Blue leaf juice, kill a hundred drugs poison, antidote wolf poison, shooting reckless poison."
2. Tao Hongjing: "Treatment of cold and injury formula used more than this, in addition to the time line of heat and poison as good."" Blue juice, to detoxification. Apply the juice to the five hearts, and stop boredom. Even cure bee and crab poison."
3. "Compendium": "the main heat and poisonous diarrhea, jaundice, paralysis of the throat, Dan poison."" Juice of blue leaves, antidote spotted fibers, coriander, simaroubaceae chicken, vermilion, arsenic poison."
4. "The Materia Medica Zheng": "Treating plague fever and madness, wind-heat rash, carbuncle ulcers, swelling and pain, eliminating thirst, stopping epistaxis, vomiting blood, killing chancre, gold sores and arrow poison. All with heat and poison, are suitable for blue leaves pounded juice with."
5. Guangzhou Force "Manual of Commonly Used Chinese Herbs": "Clearing heat and diarrhea, cooling the blood and detoxifying, dispersing blood stasis and stopping bleeding. Treating enteritis, bacillary dysentery, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, mumps, cold and fever, bleeding gums."
6. "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine:" "Treating acute hepatitis, tuberculosis, silicosis, toothache, snakebite, allergic dermatitis." [1]
3 Usage and Dosage
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Internally: decoction, 10-15g, fresh 30-60g; or pounded juice. External use: pounding compresses; decoction of water to wash. [3]
Contraindications
Contraindicated for people with cold spleen and stomach.
4Medical effects
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Chemical composition
Leaves contain indigo glucoside (indican), indigo glucoside hydrolyzed to indol, then oxidized by air to indigo (inidgo). It also contains indigo (indirubin).
Physical and chemical identification
1. The powder of the product for micro-sublimation, can get blue or purple red small needle crystal, flake or cluster crystals.
2. Thin Layer Chromatography
(1) Commercial Dazhongye (2) Commercial Dazhongye (3) Indigo red (4) Indigo blue
Sample solution: Take 0.5g of powder, add 20ml of chloroform, refluxed in a water bath for 1 hour, filtrate, filtrate is concentrated to 1ml, as a test solution.
Control solution: take indigo red and indigo, add chloroform to make a mixture of 1mg per 1ml, as a control solution.
Expansion: benzene-chloroform-acetone (5:4:1)
Color development: sunlight inspection, the chromatogram of the test product in the corresponding position with the control product, the same color spot.
Content Determination
Take about 1g of the crude powder (at the same time, take another powder to determine the moisture), weighing, Soxhlet extractor, add chloroform 100 ml, heating reflux for 6 hours, the extract was concentrated to the appropriate amount, transferred to a 25 ml flask, add chloroform to the scale, shaking well, as a solution for the test product. Another appropriate amount of indigo red control, precision weighing, add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.07mg per lml, as a control solution. Precisely absorb 10μl or 15μl of the test solution, 4μl and 18μl of the control solution, respectively, cross-pointed on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, benzene-chloroform-acetone (5:4:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, in the thin-layer plate covered with the same size of the glass plate, surrounded by adhesive tape fixed for scanning, the wavelength: λs = 540 nm, λR = 700 nm, measuring The wavelength: λs=540nm, λR=700nm, measure the absorbance integral value of the test product and the absorbance integral value of the control product, calculate, that is obtained. This product is calculated according to the dry product, containing indigo red (C18H10N2O2) shall not be less than 0.080%. Progress in the analysis of ingredients: slightly
Pharmacological description
1. Antipathogenic microbial effect In vitro experiments show that: the leaves have a broad-spectrum antibiotic effect. Its decoction has a certain degree of inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus catarrhalis, Typhoid fever bacillus, Escherichia coli, Influenza bacillus, Diphtheria bacillus and dysentery bacillus. Roadside green leaf decoction in the test tube on a variety of dysentery bacilli have bactericidal effect; test also showed that: its on co-trimoxazole, furacilin, sulfathiazole, berberine-sensitive or resistant dysentery bacilli, have a good antibacterial effect. The big green leaf of encephalitis B virus, mumps virus, influenza virus also has an inhibitory effect. Leptospira also has a killing effect.
2. Effects on the cardiovascular system Polygonum multiflorum leaf decoction has an inhibitory effect on the heart of the isolated toad, which increases with the dose and may even lead to cardiac arrest. It has a dilating effect on the blood vessels of the lower limbs of rats, which is especially pronounced when the blood vessels are in a constricted state.
3. Antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects: Polygonum multiflorum leaf decoction, 10g/kg by gavage to rabbits, can inhibit xylene-induced local inflammatory reaction of the skin and reduce the permeability of the capillaries. 5g/kg by gavage can reduce the swelling of formaldehyde-induced pedal swelling in rats, and accelerate its disappearance. 5~10g/kg by gavage can bring about a significant decrease in the body temperature of rabbits with fever caused by mixed vaccines of cholera and typhoid fever.
4. The effect on immune function, gavage of polygonum decoction 10g/kg, on the intraperitoneal injection of staphylococcus mice, can make its peritoneal fluid leukocyte phagocytosis of bacteria enhancement, phagocytosis index increased. After taking large amount of indigo red for a long period of time, the cellular immune function of the body (SK-SD delayed hypersensitivity reaction, E-rosette test, macrophage phagocytosis function measurement, etc.) can be restored to the normal level with the improvement of the condition; the original humoral immune function of the patients with low level of immunity can also be restored to the normal level after taking indigo red; indigo red can also make the cAMP content in the blood of the patients with slow-granular disease rise with the effect of the treatment and approach the normal level during the period of remission. The result is that cAMP levels in the blood of slow-growing patients increase with the treatment and become close to normal during the remission period.
6. Other effects Indocyanine suspension gavage, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice has a certain protective effect.
Indigo red has a medium strength inhibitory effect on transplanted tumors in animals. Gavage of indigo red has a certain inhibitory effect on Lewis lung cancer in mice and breast cancer in mice; subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of indigo red has a higher inhibitory rate than gavage on W256 carcinosarcoma in rats. It has been suggested that the anti-tumor mechanism of indigofera may be the inhibition of macromolecule synthesis and the effect on lipid metabolism of tumor cells.
7. In vivo process, rabbits were orally administered indole glycosides isolated from the leaves of roadside green, and the highest concentration was found in the blood 3 hours after the administration of indole glycosides. The highest concentration was found half an hour after subcutaneous injection, and could be maintained for more than one hour. After intravenous injection, the concentration in blood gradually disappears after 1 hour. After oral administration, it is mainly distributed in liver, kidney, muscle and gastrointestinal. In healthy men, the urinary excretion of 100mg orally is the highest in 3-5 hours after taking the drug,*** up to 42.2mg, 81.83mg in 12 hours***, and 94.95mg in 24 hours.Therefore, it is mainly excreted in the urine, which is very fast and has no accumulation of toxic effects. If two oral doses of 50mg each are taken at intervals of 4 hours, two peaks of urinary excretion occur, and the highest concentration of excretion can be maintained for 4 hours. Therefore, the best clinical application is to take the drug every 4 hours.
Clinical treatment
Treatment of epidemic encephalitis B
According to the observation of hundreds of cases, the cure rate of 93-98%. In most cases, the body temperature dropped to normal within 1 to 4 days after taking the drug, followed by the disappearance of headache, other symptoms are gradually relieved, but most of the pathological reflexes disappeared only 3 to 5 days after the fever subsided. According to clinical observation, the single flavor of Dazhongye is more effective for light and heavy cases, but for very heavy and other critical cases, it should be combined with other Chinese and Western therapies. Even in the process of using single flavor of Dazheng Ye treatment, it is also often necessary to use acupuncture, Western medicine and other symptomatic treatment, or according to the principle of diagnosis and treatment with other traditional Chinese medicine. The varieties of Dazheng Ye reported to be used in different places are different, including woad of Cruciferae family and ma-lan of Jenniferae family, which are not differentiated in general clinical application. Dosage and usage: decoction for internal use, within 5 years of age, 1 to 6 money, 6 to 14 years of age, 0.5 to 1 two, every 3 to 4 hours to serve a time, after the condition is reduced to 4 to 6 hours a time or 3 times a day, served until the body temperature is normal 3 days after the discontinuation of the drug. Coma cases can be instilled by nasal feeding method.
Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections
Prevention: daily use of 6 money, water decoction 2 times, mixed, morning and afternoon service, served for 6 days. Observe 100 people, 10% of those who developed illness after taking the medicine; and 24% of those who developed illness among 250 people in the control group (without taking the medicine). Treatment: 3 money each time under 3 years old, 3-6 times a day, water decoction. 168 cases of children with half of the drug within 4 to 12 hours to reduce fever, the average time to reduce fever in about 17 hours or so; another report of 78 cases, 2-6 years old 2-6 money each time, 6-14 years old, O.5-1 two, water decoction, 3-6 times a day, also has the effect. In addition, the use of large green leaves, Guanzhong 1 catty each, add 5000 ml of water, decoction to 2000 ml. Adults take 100 ml each (doubled for the first time), 3 to 4 times a day. According to the observation of 100 cases, most of the cases returned to normal body temperature within 1 to 3 days, and other symptoms gradually disappeared.
Treatment of influenza
Da Qing Ye decoction of 10 ml each time (equivalent to 1 tael of raw medicine), 3 times a day, for 3 to 5 days. Treatment of 24 cases, 9 cases within 1 day body temperature to normal, the rest in 2 to 6 days body temperature down to normal.
Treatment of Measles Pneumonia
The internal administration is made by mixing 100% syrup of Dazhong Leaf and 100% concentrated decoction of Dandelion in equal amount. 3 to 5 milliliters per week of age, 3 times a day. Treatment of pediatric measles pneumonia 150 cases, most of the symptoms and signs in 4 to 5 days quietly lost, the child's spirit is good, normal breathing, appetite, chest x-ray shadow disappeared. There was no recurrence in 1 month of follow-up.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis
The use of large green leaves 3 two, with Hu decadent leaves 1 two, 5 money, for 1 day, decocted in water and served in 3 times. According to the observation of 52 cases, the effective rate is 75%. The effect of suppressing cough and expectorant is better, and the effect of calming asthma is not obvious. The effect on simple is better than the combined emphysema.
Treatment of acute infectious hepatitis
The effect on acute common infectious hepatitis is most significant. With the big green leaves with danshen, yujin, guanzhong, jujube to form a compound formula for the treatment of 100 cases of acute jaundice-free infectious hepatitis, the effective rate of 94%. After taking the big green leaves, most of the symptoms disappear or basically disappear within 3 to 10 days, liver function test recovery or near recovery is generally 2 to 20 days. Usage: Dazheng Ye (Polygonum multiflorum) adults each 1 two decoction, according to the severity of the disease 3 to 6 times a day.
Treatment of leptospirosis
Daqing Ye (Jennifer Coleman blue) adults 1 to 1.5 taels each time, children under 5 years old sea age 1 money, 6 to 12 years old 6 to 8 money, 12 years of age and above 0.9 to 1 taels, water decoction, 4 to 8 times a day. Treatment of 41 cases, most cases in 1 to 2 days after the use of drugs within the body temperature dropped to normal, while the symptoms of poisoning disappeared, the efficacy of significant 68.2%. With penicillin treatment group control, the efficacy is not inferior, such as the two combined use, the effect seems to be more significant.
Treatment of bacillary dysentery and acute gastroenteritis
Adults daily for the leaves (most of the Verbenaceae roadside green, a small portion of the Jenniferaceae horse blue) 45 grams of decoction 1 times, or 90 grams of two divided service, served to the healing of the 1-2 days after the discontinuation of the drug. Treatment of bacillary dysentery (of which 1 case of chronic, the rest are acute) and acute gastroenteritis more than 300 cases, were better results. After treatment, it takes about 1 day for the fever to completely subside, and the average time required for the number of bowel movements and the appearance of stools to return to normal and negative microscopic examination is less than 5 days, and no recurrence or chronicity has been observed in the follow-up. This method has been used in the treatment of pediatric diarrhea has also been good results.
Treatment of acute appendicitis[4]
The daily use of wood green leaves 3 two, three times the decoction, or the use of large green leaves 1 two with the Yuanhu, wood, incense, red peony each 3 money decoction, the treatment of 13 cases, are effective. After taking the medicine, most of the pain and pressure disappeared in 2-6 days, white blood cells and body temperature returned to normal, and pressure disappeared on the 9th day in one case.
Da Qing Ye has effect on many kinds of bacterial and viral diseases. In addition to the treatment of the above diseases, clinically it has been widely used in internal, external, gynecology, pediatrics, oral cavity, organs and other infectious diseases, such as acute infectious lymphocytosis, cholangitis, multiple boils, puerperal fever, mastitis, post-abortion infections, tonsillitis, tonsil abscess, periodontitis, etc., and have achieved varying degrees of results. In addition, there has been a report of a patient, due to oral ulcers with large green leaves (Verbenaceae roadside cream) liquid injection caused by hematuria reaction, after stopping the drug and symptomatic treatment after stopping.
Acute toxicity body weight 18-22g of 10 mice, with indigo red (1% yarrow gum suspension) ig, the dose of 5g/kg, the volume of 1ml, once a day, for 5 times, observation of 1wk, did not see the animal death and the emergence of obvious toxic reactions.
Subacute toxicity weight 80-100g?30 rats, divided into 3 groups, 500mg/kg small dose group, 1000mg/kg large dose group of indigo red (1% yarrow gum suspension) ig, control group with the same volume of 1% yarrow gum solution ig, once a day, for 3wk, the end of the end of the half of the animals were executed, the remaining animals wk4 end of the execution. As a result, there was no significant difference in the appetite and body weight of the animals in the three groups, and the electrocardiogram was within the normal range during the experiment. The peripheral blood image, in the drug group compared with the pre-drug leukocytes had a significant increase, and then returned to the pre-drug level in 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in liver and renal functions. Pathological sections showed that liver tissue of 2 out of 4 rats in the small-dose group was generally turbidly swollen with empty cytoplasm in the peripheral cells of the liver lobules, whereas this phenomenon was not observed in the 4 animals that had been administered the drug for 4 weeks. No abnormality was seen in the high-dose group at 3 weeks of administration, whereas diffuse cellular necrosis was seen in 1 of 4 animals given 4 weeks. None of the rest showed any specific lesions.
Subacute toxicity of indigofera in dogs: 4 groups of 3 dogs each, except the control group, were ig indigofera 20, 100, 200 mg/(kg.D) for 6 mo. The small-dose group, which was equivalent to five times the clinically tested dose, did not show any toxic reaction; the medium-dose group showed mild diarrhea between 10-30 days of dosing, and 1 of 3 dogs showed slight elevation of SGPT after 5 mo of dosing. SGPT was slightly elevated and there was focal hepatocellular necrosis; in the high dose group, severe diarrhea and blood in the stool appeared between 4-60d, SGPT began to increase at 3mo, and pathological sections at 6mo showed obvious toxic foci, and one of the three dogs died after 3mo of the drug. However, all 3 doses did not significantly inhibit blood and bone marrow images, and had no effect on renal function or electrocardiogram. Canine ig200mg/(kg.d), 3mo 1 of 3 dogs died. [5]
5 Contraindications to the use of the drug
Editorial
Contraindicated for those with a weak and cold spleen and stomach.
1. The Classic of the Materia Medica: "It should not be administered to people with deficiency cold and a weak spleen."
2. "The Materia Medica from the New": "Do not use it unless it is hot and poisonous in the heart and stomach."
3. "Getting and Matching the Materia Medica": "It is forbidden to be used by those who have diarrhea due to deficiency." [1]