Name :

Hemerocallis

English name: HERBASCUTELLARIAEBARBATAE.

Alias :

Narrow-leafed hansingweed, toothbrush grass, juxtaposition of the head of the grass, to go to the mountain whip, buds brushing the single, the sunflower, can not be dead.

Overview ：

半枝莲为唇形科植物半枝莲（ScutellariabarbataD．Don..)的干燥地上部分，具具清热解毒，活血祛瘀，消肿止痛，抗癌等功能。

Jiang Yi "medicinal mirror pick up fugue" recorded "half of the lotus to solve the snakebite of the immortal grass". Folk in addition to the treatment of snake bites, but also used to treat tumors, with some recent efficacy. The Corrected Compendium of Materia Medica recorded that "this herb has purple-white flowers, purple-red grass, and pairs of leaves, which are adopted in July and August". The described morphology is similar to this species. There are many varieties of folk herbs with the name of "half-branch lotus" or "half-branch". The Hundred Herbs Mirror contains "seventy-two kinds of half-branch". Zhao Xuemin in the "Compendium of Materia Medica Gleanings" contains a rat's tooth half-branch, dog's tooth half-branch and tiger's tooth half-branch, etc., is the Sedum family Sedum genus of several plants. The Chinese People's **** and National Pharmacopoeia, 1985 edition of a collection of half-branched lotus is this product.

Origin and distribution:

Distributed in the southern provinces and regions of China. Chushan County, Henan Province is now the main producing areas, in recent years the development of a larger amount.

Morphological features:

Perennial herb, plant height 30-40 cm. The lower part of the stem is creeping and rooting, the upper part is erect, and the stem is square and green. Leaves opposite, leaf blade triangular-ovate or ovate-orbicular, with undulate obtuse teeth on the edge, the lower leaves are larger, petiole very short. Flowers small, 2 opposite, arranged in oblique racemes, terminal; pedicels viscidly short hairy; bracts leaflike, tapering upward, hairy. Calyx campanulate, outside pubescent, 2-lipped, upper lip peltate. Corolla labiate, blue-purple, outside densely pilose; stamens 4, didynamous; ovary 4-lobed, stigma wholly inserted at base of ovary, apically 2-lobed. Nutlets ovoid, tan. Fl. May-June, fr. June-Aug.

Ecology:

Mostly found in moist places near ditches, fields and roadsides. Too dry soil is unfavorable for growth.

Biological Characteristics:

Hemerocallis is an annual herb in the genus Amaranthus of the family Amaranthaceae. It is 15-20 centimeters tall, with fleshy stems and cylindrical leaves. Flowers are attached to the top of the stem, flower color, purple red, red, pink, orange, orange, light yellow, pure white and a variety of complex color of the single petal and compound varieties, from early March to the end of September, blooming endlessly. Flowering how much, the size and daylight is closely related to the midday sunshine flowers bloom, bright colors, evening and cloudy days, the flower off or bloom less. Capsule, black seeds, July-September successive maturity, self-opening, seed dispersal.

Hemerocallis is generally cultivated 3-4 years later, the plant began to senescence, germination ability is weakened, must be divided into another plant or re-sowing. Seeds are easy to germinate, germination temperature of 25 ℃. Seed life is 1 year.

Growth habit:

Hemerocallis prefer warm and humid climate, the soil conditions are not demanding.

Growth cycle:

Perennial herb.

Harvesting and processing:

Reproduced by seed, from the second year onwards, can be harvested once a year in May, July and September. Branched plant reproduction, harvested in September of that year, and later can be harvested three times a year. Collected with a sickle cut the whole plant, picking off weeds, bundled into small handfuls, sun-dried or shade-dried can be.

Storage:

Place in a dry place.

Shape:

This product is 15-35cm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the flower axis. The roots are slender. The stem is cespitose, thin, square columnar; surface dark purple or brownish green. Leaves opposite, short-stalked; leaf blade more crumpled, spreading flat triangular-ovate or lanceolate, 1.5-3cm long, 0.5-1cm wide; apex obtuse, base broadly cuneate, entire or with a few inconspicuous obtuse teeth; the upper surface of the dark green, the lower surface of the gray-green. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils of stem branches, calyx lobes obtuse or more rounded; corolla 2-lipped, brownish yellow or light blue-purple, ca. 1.2 cm, hairy. Fruit compressed spherical, light brown. Gas slightly, taste slightly bitter.

Taste and Function:

Pungent, bitter, cold. Attributed to lung, liver and kidney meridians. Functions and IndicationsClearing heat and removing toxins, resolving blood stasis and diuretic. It is used for boils, sore throat, poisonous snake bites, bruises, oedema, jaundice. Usage and dosage 15-30g, fresh 30-60g; externally fresh appropriate amount, pounded on the affected area.

Identification:

Trait identification:

The whole length of 15-40cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the flower axis. Root slender. Stem 4-angled, surface dark purple or brown-green. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate or subsessile; leaf blade wrinkled or folded, triangular-ovate or lanceolate when flattened, 1.5-3cm long, 0.5-1cm wide, apex obtuse, base truncate or broadly cuneate, entire or with a few conspicuous obtuse teeth, dark green above, light green below; brittle and fragile. Inflorescences born at the end of branches, corolla 2-lipped, brownish yellow or dark blue-purple, about 1.2cm long, hairy, but the corolla is often detached in commercial products, leaving a spatulate lower calyx and helmeted peltate upper calyx, containing 4 oblate nutlets, light brown. The whole herb is soft, easy to break. It has a slight odor, bitter and astringent taste.

The one with green color and bitter taste is better.

Microscopic identification:

Leaf surface preparation: epidermal cells are long polygonal, pericyclic wall undulate curved, upper epidermal cells are larger, 55-93 μm long, 14-40 μm wide, the lower epidermal cells are 25-48 μm long, 11-25 μm wide. non-glandular hairs 1-2 cells, conical, warty wall, the basal cells with radial cuticle texture; Non-glandular hairs larger near leaf margin, composed of 1-3 cells, 48-141 μm long. glandular scales less frequent on upper surface, more frequent on lower surface, glandular head rounded, oblate, composed of 7-8 cells, 50-75 μm in diameter, glandular stalk unicellular; glandular hairs present in lower epidermis, glandular head composed of 4 cells, ca. 28 μm in diameter, glandular stalk unicellular. Stomata exist in the lower epidermis, straight-axial.

Physical and chemical identification:

1, take 10g of powder, add 80% ethanol 50ml, reflux on a water bath for half an hour, filtered while hot, filtrate for the following tests:

(1) take 1ml of filtrate, add a little magnesium powder and 4 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, the solution gradually scarlet. (Check flavonoids)

(2) Take 1ml of the filtrate, add 1-2 drops of 1% ferric chloride solution, the solution is dark green. (Check phenolics)

(3) Take the above remaining filtrate and evaporate it on a water bath, add 5% hydrochloric acid 5 ml to the residue to dissolve it and filter it. Add about 1 ml of the filtrate to each of the three test tubes, and then add 1-2 drops each of bismuth potassium iodide test solution, mercury potassium iodide test solution and tungstic acid test solution, respectively, which all produce precipitates. (Check alkaloids)

2, thin-layer chromatography sample preparation: the powder (20 mesh) 2g, add 10ml of ether, reflux for half an hour, pour off the ether, the residue add 15ml of methanol, reflux for half an hour and then cooled, filtration, filtrate for spotting samples with. 10ml of adsorbent. Adsorbent: silica gel H (Huangyan Fluorescent Chemical Factory), add 0.5% CMC to spread the plate, 110 ℃ activation for half an hour. Spreading agent: toluene - ethyl formate - formic acid (3:3:1), spreading distance 12cm. Spreading distance 12cm. observe the spots under UV light (365nm).

Planting technology ：

1、Selecting and preparing the land

The loose, fertile sandy loam or loam is good, tilling, at the same time, every acre of farmyard manure 2000 kg as fertilizer, ploughing and leveling, and made into a 1.3 m wide bed.

2, reproduction methods

Seed reproduction is the main, can also be used to propagate plants. (1) seed reproduction more live, time in late September to early October, strip sowing or hole sowing. Strip sowing according to row spacing 25-30 cm furrow, ditch depth of 4 cm or so; hole sowing according to hole spacing 27 cm or so hole. When sowing, the first seed will be sprinkled with animal manure water mixed with grass ash, mixed into seed ash, and then evenly sprinkled in the ditch or hole, covered with a layer of fine soil or grass ash, the thickness shall not exceed 0.5 cm. After sowing, the soil should be kept absolutely moist before the emergence of seedlings, and the seedlings can emerge in about 20 days after sowing. Use 1.5-2 kg of seed per mu. (2) split-plant reproduction is carried out in spring and summer. Dig up the old roots of the plant, select robust, disease-free plants for division, each plant has 3-4 seedlings, according to the hole spacing of about 27 cm hole planting, watering after cutting.

3, field management

(1) seedling, replanting live in the seedling height of 5-7 cm according to the spacing of 4-5 cm between seedlings, while replanting, replanting should be transplanted with soil, watering after planting. (2) Plowing and weeding out of the seedling that is plowing and weeding, and then every time after the harvest should be carried out in a timely manner. (3) Fertilizer combined with weeding, each time each acre of 2000 kg of manure and animal manure.

4, pest and disease control

Hemerocallis in the growth process, almost no disease occurs, easy to aphids and cabbage blackworm damage during the flowering period, the former can be used to prevent and control of Lego, the latter can be used to prevent and control of 50% of the dichlorvos l000 times spray.

5, seed saving technology in May-June, the seeds gradually mature in batches of harvested fruit branches, sun-dried or shade-dried, rubbed out the seeds, bumps net stalks, impurities, placed in a cloth bag, in a dry place to store. Half the lotus continuous field need not leave seeds, generally can be 3-4 years of continuous crop and then renewed 1 time root seedlings.

Pharmacopoeia Standard:

Pinyin Name: Banzhilian

English Name: HERBASCUTELLARIAEBARBATAE

This product is the dried whole herb of Scutellariabarbata D. Don, family Labiatae. It is harvested in summer and fall when the stems and leaves are luxuriant, washed and dried in the sun.

Traits: The product is 15-35cm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the flower axis. The root is slender. The stem is cespitose, thin, square columnar; the surface is dark purple or brownish green. Leaves opposite, short-stalked; leaf blade more crumpled, spreading flat triangular-ovate or lanceolate, 1.5-3cm long, 0.5-1cm wide; apex obtuse, base broadly cuneate, entire or with a few inconspicuous obtuse teeth; the upper surface of the dark green, the lower surface of the gray-green. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils of stem branches, calyx lobes obtuse or more rounded; corolla 2-lipped, brownish yellow or light blue-purple, ca. 1.2 cm, hairy. Fruit compressed spherical, light brown. Gas slightly, taste slightly bitter.

Content determination: Total flavonoids control solution preparation Precision weighing in 105 ℃ dry to constant weight of wild baicalin control 10mg, placed in a 50ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shaking, that is, (each 1ml contains wild baicalin 0.2mg).

Preparation of standard curve Take 0.4ml, 0.8ml, 1.2ml, 1.6ml, 2.0ml of control solution, put it into a 25ml vial, add methanol to the scale and shake well. With methanol as blank, according to the spectrophotometric method (Appendix VB), the absorbance was measured at 335nm, and the standard curve was plotted with absorbance as the vertical coordinate and concentration as the horizontal coordinate.

Determination method Precise amount of wild baicalin [content determination] under the Soxhlet extraction and diluted to 100 ml of methanol solution 1 ml, placed in a 50 ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, according to the method under the standard curve preparation, since the "methanol as a blank", according to the determination of the absorbance, the standard curve from the test solution read out the wild baicalin in the weight of the test solution (mg), calculated, that is obtained.

This product is calculated according to the dry product, containing total flavonoids as baicalin (C21H18O12), not less than 1.50%.

Baicalin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; methanol-water-acetic acid (35:61:4) was used as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength was 335 nm; the theoretical plate number should be not less than 1500 according to the peak of baicalein.

Preparation of the control solution Precisely weighed the control 8mg of baicalein and put it into 100 ml flask, add the mobile phase to the scale, shake well. Add mobile phase to the scale, shake well, it is obtained (each 1ml contains 80μg of baicalin).

Preparation of test solution Take the product powder (sieve No. 3) about 1g [at the same time another powder to determine the moisture (Appendix IXH the first method)], weighed accurately, placed in the Soxhlet extractor, add petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) extracted to colorless, filled with ether, dregs of the ether, evaporate the petroleum ether, and methanol continue to extract colorless, transferred to a 100ml flask, add methanol to the graduated scale, accurate measurement of 25ml, evaporated, and then dried. Measure 25ml, evaporate, residue dissolved with 20% methanol, and transferred to 25ml flask, dilute to the scale, shake well, filtration, take the filtrate, with microporous filtration membrane (0.5μm) filtration, that is obtained.

Method of determination Precisely aspirate 10μl each of control solution and test solution separately, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determination, that is, obtained.

This product contains not less than 0.20% of baicalin (C21H18O12) calculated as dried product.

Concoction: remove impurities, wash, cut.

Taste and Meridian: Pungent, bitter, cold. Attributed to lung, liver and kidney meridians.

Functions and Indications: Clearing heat and removing toxins, resolving blood stasis and diuretic. It is used for boils, sore throat, poisonous snake bites, bruises, edema, jaundice.

Use and dosage: 15-30g; 30-60g of fresh product; externally use the fresh product in appropriate amount, pounded on the affected area.

Storage: in a dry place.