Introduction to large hazelnut planting technology:

1. Garden site selection

Selecting a garden site should not only consider climate, soil and other natural conditions, but also socioeconomic status, transportation factors to achieve the best output and best economic benefits. Choose flat land and gentle slopes with sufficient sunlight, leeward direction and sunny side, well-drained land (the slope is required to be below 15°). The ideal garden site requires a soil thickness of more than 40 cm, rich soil humus, moist sandy soil with good drainage conditions. Dry sandy land, marshy land, saline soil or heavy clay soil are not suitable for establishing hazel orchards. Ensuring water supply is an indispensable condition for establishing a hazel orchard.

2. Garden planning

The planning of the large hazelnut orchard mainly includes the division of plots. The plots are divided according to the terrain and the size of the cultivation area in order to facilitate management. 1 to 3 square centimeters are A community is separated by roads. The roads are set up as main roads and branch roads in the park to facilitate the passage of transportation vehicles. The drainage and irrigation system should be integrated with the road to reduce land occupation. The protective forest should be set up with 5 to 8 rows of protective forest in the main wind direction and 3 to 5 rows for the rest. There should be protective forest around the planting area.

3. Planting density and methods

1. The planting density of large hazelnut trees is related to the cultivar, tree shape, planting method, soil fertility and terrain. Whether hybrid hazel or filbert, its cultivation methods can be rectangular, square or triangular.

2. Variety selection and pollination tree configuration. Large hazelnut trees are cross-pollination plants, and pollination trees should be configured when building a garden. If fixed pollination tree varieties have not yet been selected, when building a garden, 3 to 4 varieties can be selected for each garden or plot and planted alternately. Generally, varieties with the same or similar flowering period are selected, and 3 to 5 rows of each variety are planted. , various varieties planted alternately can pollinate each other. The effective distance of hazel pollen is within 18 meters. Therefore, if pollination trees are arranged separately, they should be planted in a ratio of 4 to 5 rows of the main species and 1 row of pollinating trees to meet the pollination requirements immediately.

IV. Large hazelnut planting technology

(1) In order to improve the survival rate during the planting period, spring planting is recommended for both European hybrid hazelnuts and European hazelnuts. In North China, the epidemic can be appropriately advanced to late March. The Yellow River-Yangtze River basin is from late February to early March, and no later than mid-March. In short, hazel planting must be ended before bud break. If the seedlings have already sprouted and are replanted, the survival rate will be reduced.

(2) Planting method: Check the soil moisture of the planting hole before planting. If the humidity is suitable, you can plant. If there are immediate irrigation conditions, you can plant if the soil is slightly dry. Planting depth: The roots should not be buried too deep or too shallow in the soil. After planting, the rhizosphere should be level with the ground or slightly below 5 cm. The appropriate burial depth above the rhizosphere is 6 to 10 cm. Planting: Place the seedlings into the planting hole according to the variety planting plan to stretch the root system. At the same time, pay attention to correcting the position, aligning the front, back, left, and right, and then fill it with wet soil. When the root system is half filled, gently lift the seedling upwards and fill it with soil while firming it up so that the roots and soil are closely combined. Then a tree tray is built around the seedlings, with a diameter of up to 1 meter, to facilitate irrigation and water storage. Water immediately after planting and require thorough irrigation. After the water seeps in, seal the soil to protect moisture, and cover the tree tray with mulch to moisturize and increase temperature, promote the activity of the seedling root system, and improve the survival rate.

5. Planting and management of large hazelnut orchards

(1) Shaping and pruning

1. The cultivated tree shapes used in the production of large hazelnuts mainly include less-stemmed bushes. shape and single stem type.

(1) In young and strong clusters, 3 to 4 basal branches are left as main branches, and they extend diagonally in different directions. The main branch bears lateral branches, and the lateral branches bear secondary lateral branches, vegetative branches and fruiting mother branches. The overall shape forms a natural happy tree shape, with a tree height of 3 to 5 meters.

(2) Single-trunk shape: This type of tree retains a main trunk with a trunk height of 40 to 60 cm. 3 to 4 evenly distributed main branches are selected on the trunk, and lateral branches and lateral branches are selected on the main branches. There are secondary lateral branches and fruiting mother branches. A short main trunk is formed, with a natural happy crown in the upper part.

2. Pruning of large hazelnut trees of different ages requires different pruning measures. Generally, for saplings without fruit and those in the early stage of fruiting, the main purpose is to expand the crown. Shorten the extension branches of each side branch, cutting off approximately 1/3 of their length. Also pay attention to adjusting the opening angle. Extension branches that are too long should be moderately shortened to prevent the lower part from being "bare". Do not cut the inner branches. During the fruiting period, the extended branches of each main branch of the tree should be lightly pruned to 1/3 or 1/2 of their length to promote the formation of new branches.

For the small branches in the crown, except for the thin branches, diseased branches, and drooping branches that need to be cut off, the other short branches are not cut and are left as the mother branches for fruiting. In order to increase the number of flower buds and increase yield, the middle branches and short branches are not pruned, and only the extension branches of the main and side branches are lightly shortened. On the contrary, in order to promote the growth of strong branches and restore the tree's vigor, the developing branches should be pruned again and some mediocre branches should be shortened to reduce the amount of flowering.

(2) Soil management of large hazelnuts Soil is directly related to the growth, development and fruiting of hazelnuts. The methods include: deep plowing and hole expansion, tillage, intercropping, soil loosening and weeding, clearing tillage, and planting. Caofa et al.

(3) Fertilization

1. Fertilization period

(1) Apply base fertilizer in autumn from after fruit collection to before soil thaw (September to October) Applying organic fertilizers, mainly manure, compost, and green manure, is the basic fertilizer that can supply multiple nutrients to the tree for a long time. At the same time, add appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers.

(2) Top-dressing large hazelnut trees 1 to 2 times a year: the first time from late May to early June, when the fruit ovary is expanding and the new shoots are growing; the second time Early to mid-July, because from early June to early July is the period when nuts develop rapidly and flower buds begin to differentiate. At this time, top dressing is extremely important for fruit growth and development, flower bud differentiation, and branch enrichment. In addition, foliar fertilizer can also be sprayed according to the needs of tree growth and development.

2. The amount of fertilizer applied should be determined according to the age of the tree, the size of the shrub, the degree of soil fertility and the type of fertilizer. Generally, the amount of base fertilizer applied is 2 to 3 years old trees, and 7 to 10kg of manure is applied to each tree, and 4 to 5 years old trees. Apply 30 to 40kg of organic fertilizer to each tree, and apply 50 to 60kg of organic fertilizer to each tree that is 6 to 7 years old. In the future, more fertilizers can be applied as the tree age and yield increase.