Daughter-in-law to the in-laws is even more respectful, to be dignified and respectful, three times a day to the in-laws loaded with cigarettes, three meals a day to stand and wait, morning and evening, but also to send the wash water and foot wash water. For the first year, new daughters-in-law are not allowed to eat on the bed. She is not allowed to wear short clothes in front of her in-laws, and she is not allowed to scold her children in a loud voice. When a daughter-in-law goes out, she must give her in-laws cigarettes on her way out and say, "Please watch over the house, Ama and Auntie. When a guest comes, the daughter-in-law must put on her apron and listen to her mother-in-law's instructions on the bed, and every time she shouts, the daughter-in-law must say "yes" and then go to work. Even if the daughter-in-law is very old, in front of the younger elders also have to respectfully wait.
Manchu people have heavy small aunt custom. Manchu unmarried girl is a very high status, the in-laws sit on the side of the sister-in-law, the daughter-in-law is standing on the side of the prudent wait.
The Manchu people are generous and hospitable, and scrupulously faithful. In the Manchu settlement, someone on the road to find something to try to find the owner, can not find to lose to recruit lost and claimed. There is to "steal people's property as a shame," the custom." Neighbors get along with each other, there are difficulties must be helped", a lack of rice we all get together, a person firewood we burned, for the countryside neighbors common things. Borrowing from each other, no need to make a contract, only by verbal agreement, abide by the letter.
Manchu culture is very developed. A large number of myths, legends, rich in content, unique style, is the spiritual core of shamanism and generalized display. Both orally transmitted, and scriptural records. According to the content, Manchu myths can be divided into: ① origin myths. Including the origin of mankind, the origin of all things, the origin of cultural things. ② cosmic relationship myth. In the shaman myth, the universe is a noisy multi-layered three-dimensional world, that is, the so-called "clouds, nine nine layers, layers are living a few store God", each layer of the sky are people and animals, plants, demons and good God, the layers of interoperability. ③Soul Myth. Manchu mythology is characterized by animal and plant myths, ancestor myths, nature myths **** integration of a place, and the remains of totem worship.
Paper-cutting: the Manchu like to stick window flowers. With a variety of colored paper cut into a variety of birds, animals and flowers, ancient and modern characters, pasted on the window, lifelike, vibrant. There is another paper-cutting art, is hanging paper, or hanging money. Over the Spring Festival, families with five-color paper, cut about 40 cm long, about 25 cm wide varying paper blocks, the middle crossbones engraved with cloud characters and paintings, such as abundance, longevity, the word "blessed", the lower end of the cut into a canine fringe head, hanging in the windows and doors of the forehead, indoor beams, etc., colorful, joyful. The earliest hanging paper is a place of ancestor worship decorations, usually singular. Rumor has it that the ancestors of the family clan are from Changbai Mountain, a few ditches to hang a few. Heilongjiang Ning'an, Hailun and other places in the art of paper-cutting in the national art scene enjoys a good reputation.
Manchu embroidery: Manchu folk crafts. Or "nail line", mainly popular in rural areas of the Northeast. To home weaving cloth and cotton thread as raw materials, cut and sewed, black and white as the main tone, between the use of other colors. Decorated with pomegranate, auspicious, gourd pan long, longevity, eight treasures and other auspicious motifs, mostly with heavy black trim, often embroidered on top of pillows, purses, curtains, cushions.
Answer: Peugeot 607 - lifter four 2-14 18:00
The Manchu are mainly distributed in the three eastern provinces of China, the most Liaoning Province. In addition, in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang and other provinces and autonomous regions, as well as Beijing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Fuzhou, Yinchuan, Xi'an and other large and medium-sized cities have a small number of scattered Manchu.
The Manchus have a long history, dating back more than 2,000 years to the Sushans, whose descendants have lived north of the Changbai Mountains, in the upper and middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River, and in the Ussuri River basin. 1644 saw the entry of the Qing army into China, which unified the country and led to the formation of a long-standing Manchu-Chinese intermingling situation. After the Xinhai Revolution, the Manchurian race was renamed Manchu. Manchu people filial piety and respect for elders, pay attention to etiquette, meet elders on the road, to sideways bow, hanging hands in salute, and so on elders walk through again; not only the younger generation to see the elders to salute, in the same generation of people in the younger to see the older to salute the greetings. Friends and relatives meet, in addition to shaking hands and greet each other with respect, some also hold the waist to receive face salute. Kowtow is common in the subordinate to the superior, the younger generation to the elders. Expressing respect, service, pleading intentions, or the Spring Festival to pay tribute to the New Year, are kowtowing ceremony. Salute, first take off his hat, kneeling left knee, kneeling right knee, horseshoe sleeves a pop, hands on the ground, even three kowtow. This custom since the Jianzhou female real when there, "Jianzhou Wenshi Records" cloud: "will be Hu (refers to the female real people for the official) of the see the slave chief (Nurhachu), take off the hat kowtow, pawns will be Hu Hu Hu of the same." Sacrifice also kowtow.
There are many taboos in Manchu life, taboo is considered impolite. Manchu people are not happy to wear a dog hat, eat dog meat, the most taboo other people wearing a dog hat into the home. Legend has it that when King Khan was in trouble, the dog has the grace of rescue, the Manchus regarded as a benefactor and to protect and cherish. The west bed is not allowed to sit at random. In the yard, there is a dragon lock pole, not allowed to tie livestock.
There are also taboos and rules on the relationship between superiority and inferiority, hierarchy. A new daughter-in-law cannot eat at the same table with her father-in-law, mother-in-law, or husband. When the elders eat, the daughter-in-law waits on the side, otherwise, it is regarded as disrespectful and unfilial. The grandparents are not allowed to joke with their nephews and daughters-in-law. Nephews and daughters-in-law are not allowed to show their arms and legs in front of the grandfather. In the past, Manchu women's cheongsam long to cover the back of the foot, sleeve length to the back of the hand, and today's short-sleeved cheongsam is very different.
The Manchus have a custom of honoring the elderly. Young people see the elders to stand with their hands down and to answer the elders' questions in a pleasant manner. Someone rushed the parents situation, children must stand up and answer. For the elderly, they are invited to a small peace for three days and a large peace for five days. The rituals for inviting the elderly are "asking for peace," "playing the thousand children," and "bowing. Greetings" is to ask for a small peace, and to stand with hands down and say hello." Thousand children" is to ask a big peace, also known as "one-legged kneeling", the Manchu language for the "Ella Talami", that is, the first agile dusting down the sleeve head, the left leg bent forward, the right leg squatting, the left hand to support the knee, the right hand drooped, the head and the body tilted slightly forward." Kowtow ritual", that is, kowtow, a kneeling three kowtow or two kneeling six kowtow, New Year's greetings "the first must be four kowtow, to three is kneeling and head high, as if the person who obeyed the order. If the elders wished them well, they would kowtow once and get up, otherwise they would not be able to do so" (Yanagibian Jiliao, vol. 4).
To the gods and Buddhas, ancestors, and emperors, one kneels three times and kowtows nine times. Women's etiquette is different from that of men, there are "squat Anli", commonly known as "half-squatting child", that is, standing with feet parallel to each other, with both hands on the knees, a bow waist, knees slightly bent as half-squatting. Women see each other on weekdays, with the right hand to stroke their forehead, nodding for worship, commonly known as "stroking the sideburns," that is, the fingers from the eyebrow on the forehead sideburns even stroked three times, followed by a nod of the eyes.
Women meet, the rise of hand-in-hand ceremony, commonly known as the "Lara ceremony", and Han Chinese women worship ceremony is different. To see each other long goodbye to see each other waist to face, and then hold hands to ask for peace, is called waist to face salute. Such as the younger generation to see the elders, two hands to hold its waist, the elders with their hands on their backs. Elderly couples see each other have "head salute", the old couple reunited after a long period of time, the old man greeted up with his head on the old man's chest, the old man gently stroked a few companion the back of the head or the back of the neck.
Manchu people, the road to meet the elders do not know each other, to bow and hang down his hand and ask "Saiyin" (Manchu, good meaning); such as horseback riding, to dismount and flash on the side of the road to let the elders first. Elders are also very polite to say: "Thank you, please get on the horse first", young people can get on the horse to catch the road.
Daughter-in-law to the in-laws is even more respectful, to be dignified and respectful, three times a day to the in-laws loaded with cigarettes, three meals a day to stand and wait, morning and evening, but also to send the wash water and foot wash water. For the first year, new daughters-in-law are not allowed to eat on the bed. She is not allowed to wear short clothes in front of her in-laws, and she is not allowed to scold her children in a loud voice. When a daughter-in-law goes out, she must give her in-laws cigarettes on her way out and say, "Please watch over the house, Ama and Auntie. When a guest comes, the daughter-in-law must put on her apron and listen to her mother-in-law's instructions on the bed, and every time she shouts, the daughter-in-law must say "yes" and then go to work. Even if the daughter-in-law is very old, in front of the younger elders also have to respectfully wait.
Manchu people have heavy small aunt custom. Manchu unmarried girl is a very high status, the in-laws sit on the side of the sister-in-law sitting, the daughter-in-law is standing on the side of the prudent waiter.
Manchu people are generous and hospitable, and abide by the letter. In the Manchu settlement, someone on the road to find something to try to find the owner, can not find to lose to recruit lost and claimed. There is to "steal people's property as a shame," the custom." Neighbors get along with each other, there are difficulties must be helped", a lack of rice we all get together, a person firewood we burn, for the countryside neighbors usual things. Borrowing from each other, no need to make a contract, only by verbal agreement, abide by the letter.
In the old days, when there were fewer inns in the countryside, passers-by had to look for residential accommodation. The host family hospitality, wine and food after the natural stay. Because of the Manchu residence of a house three kang, often living in the same room, men and women do not avoid each other. But the guests must back the hostess when they go to sleep and lie down with their clothes on, in order to be courteous.
The next day the guests on the road, do not need to stay paid, only to the male host line "shoulder rubbing salute" to express gratitude can be rushed. If the passer-by into the room and the host is not at home, you can do their own cooking to eat, clean up after the meal, put things in their original place, before leaving to bring the grass in front of the door, the grass is slightly towards the direction of the host will feel honored to come back.
Manchu family, there are rituals or celebrations, to kill animals to eat meat, to invite friends and relatives as guests, let in the south kang sitting. The family should offer the meat to the honored guests. The meat is boiled in white, no salt is allowed, and it is especially tender, so the guests eat it with a blade, accompanied by salt, pickles, and sauce. Guests enter the door to bow to the Lord of God, turn into the seat to eat the blessed meat, eat and leave are not allowed to thank and wipe their mouths, otherwise it is disrespectful to the host.
Traditional Manchu housing is generally west, center, east three, the door opens to the south, west of the west room called west on the house, the center of the hall, east of the east room called east under the house. In the west house, there are three kangs in the south, west and north, the west kang is expensive, the north kang is big, the south kang is small, the guests live in the west kang, the elders live in the north kang, and the elders live in the south kang.
Reference:
Respondent: grace3600 - Magician Grade 4 2-14 18:16
[Ethnic Profile]
Manchu, with a current population of 98,211,180 people. Mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, Liaoning Province for the most, a small number of scattered in the country's large and medium-sized cities.
The Manchus have a long history, dating back to the Sushin people more than 2 0 0 0 years ago. The Sushans, the earliest ancestors of the Manchus. In the Liao, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, they were known as the "Women's Genghis Khan". They lived for a long time in the vast area east of the Changbai Mountains, the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River Basin. 1 In the late sixteenth century, Nurhachu rose to power, and with the female Zhenren as the main body, they blended in some of the Han Chinese, Mongols, and Koreans to form a new ****same body, the Manchus.
The Manchu have their own language and script. The Manchus belong to the Manchu branch of the Manchu-Tungus language family of the Altaic language family. Manchu was created at the end of the 16th century with reference to the Mongolian alphabet. After the borrowed Mongolian letters on the addition of "circle" and "point", called "circle point of Manchu" or "new Manchu or "New Manchu". Since the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Manchus moved into the Central Plains, in the economy, culture, life and close interaction with the Han Chinese, Manchu people gradually used the Chinese language.
The Manchus were mainly engaged in agriculture. Diaspora urban Manchu people mostly engaged in industry and cultural and scientific undertakings. In the long process of historical development, Manchu compatriots have made important contributions to the founding of the motherland and the development of culture.
[Diet]
Biscuits are the main food of the Manchu people on weekdays and festivals. Biscuits are made of sticky rice. There are bean noodles and cakes, Su Ye cakes and cakes and sticky cakes and cakes. Manchu meat and potatoes are very hungry, easy to carry, unique flavor, to today is still quite popular food.
Sour soup is also a traditional Manchu meat and potatoes food. Sakima is a nationally renowned Manchu pastry.
The Manchus have a long history, and the Sushan of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the later Yilou, Beiji and Jurchen are the ancestors of the Manchus. Manchu people in the past to corn, tares, sorghum rice, millet, buckwheat as a staple food, and now to wheat, rice as a staple food. Staple food varieties, there are biscuits, boiled biscuits (dumplings), rice, broomcorn water rice, sorghum rice (broomcorn) dried rice, bean rub cake, sour soup. Good sticky food and sweet food. The following is a brief introduction to a few representative staple foods.
[Biscuits]: In addition to the steamed buns made of wheat flour called biscuits, there are soybean flour biscuits (yellow sticky noodles plus soybean flour steamed), Suye biscuits (sticky sorghum flour plus soybean mud, outsourcing Suye) and rice cake biscuits (yellow sticky dough wrapped into the soybean mud steamed), is the main food of the Manchu people every day.
[Small meat rice]: also known as tartar rice, is a traditional food. Stewed with fried diced pork and sorghum rice, if more water is put in, it becomes tartar porridge.
[Longduohu]: rice, broomcorn millet, small beans and stewed rice. Because of the "bucket" and "bean" resonance, rice, broomcorn millet metaphor for the dragon and tiger, so it is also known as "dragon and tiger".
[broomcorn millet water rice]: broomcorn millet in wide water to cook, fished into the cold water to cool that is, more in the summer to eat. Manchu cooking to roast, grilled, specializing in raw sauce (dashi). Vegetables vary with the seasons, mixed with wild vegetables (artemisia, ferns, etc.) and mushrooms. Manchu ancestors good fishing and hunting, rituals, in addition to poultry, livestock meat, and deer, muntjac, roe deer, roe deer, geese, fish and so on. Especially like to eat pork. Pork boiled in white water, called "white boiled meat". Set up a big feast with roasted whole sheep.
Common dishes are: [white meat blood soup]: fresh pig's blood into the fresh pig intestines cooked, sliced, and boiled in white water into the pork sliced with the code plate, accompanied by chives, garlic, chili oil to eat.
[altar meat]: cut pork into small pieces, stir-fried with onion, ginger, dashi, curd milk juice, put altar Chinese fire simmering rotten.
[Bean mud pickled cabbage soup]: soaked soybean pounded into mud, pickled cabbage cut into pieces and fried through, into the broth, soybean mud, seasoned, stewed through can be.
[Fried Egg Sauce]: Stir the egg mixture well, pour it into a hot frying pan, stir while frying, and then pour in soy sauce and soy sauce. Serve with scallions, cucumbers or green vegetables for dipping (or mixing).
[Mustard pier]: the cabbage to the old gang, the whole horizontal, cut into 3 cm long round pier-like, with boiling water, yard into the altar, a layer of cabbage pier, a layer of mustard noodles and sugar, and finally dripping a layer of rice vinegar, covered tightly, a day that is to become. The flavor is sweet and sour and spicy and refreshing.
[lack of grams]: Manchu "Bao'er rice" or "vegetable Bao'er". Practice is to rice, fried vegetables, green onions, fried sauce with leaves (cabbage leaves, suzuki leaves, lettuce leaves) wrapped in a long roll shape to eat, rice in one, economical.
[Saqima]: deep-fried strips of sweet biscuits, is a famous pastry. Manchu people avoid eating dog meat, good tea. Northeast region of Manchu people have the habit of drinking sour tea, that is, with millet or Jizi rice soaked to fermentation after cooking, the rice soup with tea boiled, put some sugar that is made. There are also boiled milk tea.
[Wedding and funeral customs]
Manchu wedding both with the strong characteristics of the nation, but also the integration of a number of customs and etiquette of the Han Chinese people, generally speaking, to go through the following procedures: betrothal: young men and women of the Manchu people are engaged in two forms. One is the parents of young men and women are acquaintances or friends, mutual understanding, intends to do marriage, they entrusted the matchmaker to the children of the promise of life, there are men to the female side of the marriage proposal, there are women to the male side of the marriage proposal. The other is a man and a woman do not know each other, trust the matchmaker for the children engaged, and by the matchmaker to transfer the two sides of the gateway stickers, open the two sides of the flag Zuo, curriculum vitae, family name, three generations. In addition, it is necessary to test each other's birthdays and birthmarks.
Put fixed: that is, handing over the gift of wealth. Sub-divided into two kinds of put small fixed and put small fixed. Put a small fixed is the future daughter-in-law to meet aunts, brothers and sisters-in-law and other male relatives, get property. Enlarge the fixed is called "over the big gift", commonly known as "under the big dish", is to choose an auspicious day, the male will be the bride price sent to the woman's home. The day before the wedding, the bridegroom should drink "welcome wind wine". The bride left home to the male party to borrow a good apartment to stay, commonly known as "playing the next hair". Early the next morning, the woman's home color car to send the bride, escorted by her brother. Color car to the groom's home, the cave door on the ground in front of a fire pot, so that the car carries the bride from the fire pot, commonly known as over the fire to avoid evil spirits. In order to drive away or kill the ghosts and monsters with the sedan chair, the groom to the door of the sedan chair virtual shot three arrows; there are also real shot, but generally are shot towards the bottom of the sedan chair, so as not to hurt the bride. Then, the bride was helped out of the sedan chair to heaven and earth before, with the groom together to the north three kowtow, commonly known as "worship Beidou". After worshiping the Big Dipper after the world-famous line "skimming" ceremony. That is, wearing a red head of the bride and groom, face south kneeling in front of the table in the courtyard, the table for a side of pork knuckles, wine three cups, a knife, the shaman kneeling one-legged in front of the table, one side of the Manchu chanting, one side of the knife with a knife to cut the meat into pieces and thrown into the air, while the end of the wine cup Qi wine splashed to the ground. The main purpose is to beg God to bless the newlyweds, so that they are full of children and grandchildren, and grow old together. After these ceremonies, the bride by the whole family (i.e., parents and children all people) into the cave. When the bride crosses the doorway, a saddle is placed on the doorway, and the bride must cross over from above. The new room bed must be laid by the whole family, the bridal chamber is laid to play music in the room, called "ringing room". Bride into the bridal chamber, a little girl with two copper mirrors in hand, to the bride to shine, and then hang the copper mirror in the bride's chest and back. Then, another little girl handed over two tin pots, which holds rice, money, etc., the bride or held in the arms, or clamped in the armpits, commonly known as "hold the bottle", also known as "hold the media pot". When the bride on the bed after sitting still, the groom with a scale rod to cover the bride's head of the red cloth removed, called "uncovered". The next step is for the couple to drink a cup of wine and eat Hohi noodles, longevity noodles or children and grandchildren biscuits and so on.
[Costume features]
In the 3 0s of this century, Manchu men and women wore straight-type wide-breasted, large-sleeved robes. The hemline of the female cheongsam reaches to the (left bone and right trunk) (calf), with embroidered floral motifs. The hemline of the male cheongsam was ankle-length, with no ornamentation. 40s later, by the impact of the new fashion trend at home and abroad, the Manchu male cheongsam was abandoned, and the female cheongsam was changed from wide-sleeved to narrow-sleeved, and straight to tightly fitted with a waistline, slightly larger at the hips, and with a recovered hemline that was ankle-length. Gradually formed today's colorful decorative and human body lines beautiful cheongsam style.
The cheongsam is one of the modern popular clothing, in the international clothing window, enjoy
has a high reputation.
The cheongsam evolved from the old Manchu costume.
The cheongsam, in Manchu, is known as "yijie". In ancient times, it referred to the robes worn by men and women of the eight banners of the Manchurian, Mongolian and Chinese
army.
The early Qing Dynasty robe style has several characteristics: collarless, arrow sleeves, left obeisance, four
slit, waist. Arrow sleeves, is a narrow cuffs, plus a semi-circular sleeve head,
shaped like a horse's hoof, also known as the "horseshoe sleeves". Horseshoe sleeve weekdays ò up, hunting for
when the war is down, covering the back of the hand, winter can be cold. Four slits, that is, under the robe
swing before and after the right and left, slit to the knee. The left overlap and girdle, tight to keep warm, belt
a bunch, when traveling pigs, can be dry food, utensils into the front flap. Men's robes
mostly blue, gray, and green, and women's cheongsam mostly white.
Another feature of the Manchu cheongsam is the kangsam on the cheongsam jacket.
The kangshi has a lapel, twisted lapel, pipa lapel, a word lapel and so on. Wearing a kangshi horseback riding
Charging looks very lean and sharp.
The Manchus moved south to Liaoshen, into the Central Plains, and the Han with the field **** coupling, by
Han "big collar and big sleeves" dress influence, by the arrow sleeve into the trumpet sleeve,
four slit evolution of the left and right slit.
To the 1930s, Manchu men and women wore straight, wide-breasted, large-sleeved gowns.
The hemlines of women's cheongsams were as low as (left) and as high as (right). The hemline of the female cheongsam reaches to the left bone and right trunk (calf) and is decorated with embroidered
floral motifs. The male cheongsam had an ankle-length hemline and no decorations.
After the 1940s,
by the impact of new clothing trends at home and abroad, the Manchu male cheongsam was abandoned.
The female cheongsam was changed from a wide-sleeved to a narrow-sleeved, straight to a tight-fitting gown, with a slightly larger hips and a recovered
hemline that reached the ankle.
Gradually, a wide variety of colors were formed that are nowadays characterized by a wide variety of colors and designs. Gradually formed today's variety of colorful dress
decorated and the body line beauty of the cheongsam style. Because the cheongsam is very suitable for Chinese women
women's body shape and virtuous personality, national temperament, and later this traditional clothing from the Manchu
ethnic gradually become a treasure trove of Chinese culture in a flower
, by the domestic and foreign women's favor and appreciation.
[Ethnic taboos]
There are a lot of eating customs and dietary etiquette of the Manchu. Such as rituals used god cake, god meat, passers-by can share, but generally can not be brought, after eating is not allowed to wipe their mouths; family dining, the elders do not move chopsticks, the younger generation will never move chopsticks; New Year's Eve to kill the New Year's Eve pig, there are friends and relatives, neighbors are invited to eat with the custom of white meat and blood sausage.
Manchu people avoid killing dogs, eating dog meat and with dog skin, not wearing a dog skin hat. Because the Manchus have long been engaged in caracal hunting, the dog is indispensable "assistant", the winter also use the dog to pull the plow, become an important tool. Therefore, the Manchu have respect for the customs of the dog, usually carefully raised on the dog, the dog died and buried, they do not hit the dog to kill the dog, do not eat dog meat, do not wear a dog skin hat, do not store the dog skin mattress, outsiders wearing a dog skin hat burst into the Manchu home, the host will not be happy.
Many people have no good impression of crows, and even have a feeling of disgust. But the Manchu exception, they not only do not coax to fight crows, but on the contrary, they cherish it. In the area of Manchu settlement, many people's yards have a tall wooden pole, this pole is to feed the crows, magpies and set up, in the wooden pole above a bucket, in the bucket with pork, pig's offal and rice and other food, so as to feed the crows and magpies.
The Manchus regard the west wall as a sacred place for the ancestors, where they are not allowed to hang clothes or post New Year's paintings; the west kang is commonly known as the "Buddha's kang," and there is an "ancestor board. It is forbidden for people, especially women, to sit or lie on the west kang. Usually, guests are not allowed to rest in the west kang, and they are not allowed to put dog skin hats or whips here. Avoid hitting dogs, killing dogs and eating dog meat; not wearing a dog skin hat, not laying a dog skin mattress, avoid wearing a dog skin hat or dog skin sleeve guests.
No crossing over from the tripod of the pots and stoves and fire ponds, no stomping on the pots and stoves or sitting casually on the pots and stoves or by the fire ponds; no roasting of feet, socks, shoes and boots in the mouths of the pots and stoves or on the ponds; and it is forbidden to throw leftovers, bones, fish spines, etc., into the pots and stoves or fire ponds.
[Fertility customs]
Manchu's view of fertility, the old days there is a preference for men over women, and still today, and to the many sons and daughters as a blessing. Boys, then hang a small wooden bow and arrow on the left frame of the door; if a girl, then hang a red or blue strip of cloth on the right frame of the door of the room, which is called "heha fill nail". This ceremony is called "hanging the bow and hanging silk".
"Falling grass". The birth of the grass is the birth of the Manchu custom. Women are pregnant, is considered a happy event for the whole family. In order to protect the normal development of the fetus, there are many rules and regulations for pregnant women, such as: not allowed to sit on the pot, windowsill, mill; not allowed to enter the delivery room; not allowed to worship ancestors and participate in other people's weddings; forbidden to eat rabbit, for fear of giving birth to a child with a three-valve mouth; do not eat salt and sauce, for fear that the child will become a "throat bar". The rules of the many, often to the maternal spirit caused great pressure. The labor room is usually not located in the west room, and the child cannot be born on the kang mat. Before the birth of a pregnant woman, the kang mat should be rolled up, and the kang should be covered with grain grass, so that the child can be born on the grain grass, so the child's birth is called "drop grass".
Manchu fertility and "picking" and "open milk" said. Babies see the first outsider is called "Cai Shengren", meaning that Cai Shengren will have an impact on the baby, some are also considered godparents. To open the milk, women with many children are invited to give the baby the first milk, meaning that it is good to feed the baby without any disease.
"Wash three and play smart" on the third day of the child's birth, to "wash three", will be a son and daughter and a prestigious old woman (known as grandma) received at home, by the grandma with a large copper basin to give the child hot water bath, while washing the nagging: "Wash the head, do princes and lords; wash the waist, a generation down than a generation high; wash the face, do the governor ...... ". Finally with a large onion hit three times, said while playing: "a hit smart, two hit eloquent, three hit clear." After that, the child's father threw the onion on the room, friends and relatives to the child's parents.
"Do full mouth". When a baby is one month old, a ceremony is held to invite friends and relatives. In the ceremony, one end of the rope is bolted to the slanting pillar of the ancestor board, and the other end is pulled out of the door and bolted to a willow branch prepared earlier, and then the whole family kowtows to the ancestor board. When a boy is born, a small bow and arrow is attached to the rope, and when a girl is born, a "taha mending nail" is attached. Friends and relatives have come to congratulate, gifts, mostly to send long-life locks, etc.
"Hanging Yuche". Manchu life the first child, full moon, grandmother's family to give the child steamed "river grin" (long snake-shaped noodles colt), it is said to eat can be more hair. His uncle on this day to give a car, and hand hung up. It is best if the car has been used by someone else, and it is commonly called "raising a child and hanging it up". Friends and relatives should send small clothes and small bells and other toys. If the baby cries, to push the car, while humming "Yoyo tune". Such as "full moon" yo-yo tune sung this way:
Moon is full, the moon is big, the moon has been hanging in the tree.
Little Nyonya, don't cry, my mother will lead you to Amma.
Don't be afraid to rock the boat and grow up to be married to a fisherman.
Fish shoes, fish socks, fish skirt, fish jacket, fish coat
......
Doing a full moon, the female guests will be two steamed buns together, held for the mother to take a bite, so that the "full mouth". From this day on, the mother to increase the diet, there are no taboos. The guests were entertained with long noodles, which meant a long and healthy life.
"Catch the week". When the child is a week old has been the first to understand the personnel, legend has it that this day can be measured out of the child's life interests and aspirations, so the Manchu people more than "catch the week" custom. The day the baby turns one year old, his family will be paper and pencil, books, bow and arrow, top wear, musical instruments, tobacco, alcohol, gambling, etc., on the kang, let the baby to catch. It is said that what they catch, what they will do in the future.
To the baby "sleep flat head" of the custom, is unique to the Manchu people, is to let the baby pillow with a small pillow of grain, which is called "headrest granary", later rich and powerful, and told the baby lying on his back, day long, the back of the baby's head! Sleep flat and flat. At the same time, the back of the baby also sleep flat, shoulder width, the Manchu people believe that this is beautiful.
[Fertility practices]
The Manchus attach great importance to the birth of children. Once a woman is pregnant, is regarded as the whole family auspicious event, then mother-in-law
will tell her some of the birth control knowledge and traditional taboos. For example: pregnant women are not allowed to go to someone else's maternity ward, are not allowed to sit in the pot
Tai, wear Taiwan. You are not allowed to cry or laugh, and you are not allowed to serve your ancestors. In the fifth month of pregnancy, you are not allowed to go to the stables, not allowed to lead
horse, and so on.
The birth of a child is called "grass". It is said that, in ancient times, Manchu women in the bed on the birth, to roll up the bed mat, spread
on the grass, the mother in the grass on the birth, and later it has become customary. After a child is born, if it is a boy,
a small bow and arrow will be hung on the left side of the door to symbolize that he or she will grow up to be a good archer; if it is a girl, a red cloth will be hung in front of the door to symbolize good luck. On the second day of the baby's life, a woman with a large number of children and good health is invited to feed the baby for the first time, called "opening the milk". The first outsider into the delivery room to see the child is called "Cai Shengren". The Manchu believe that the baby
growing up will be like the character of the "Cai Shengren" character, so pay close attention to the selection of "Cai Shengren". Babies born
third day, to "wash three", please children, respected old lady to the child bathing, also known as Mu
bath ceremony. Bathing with a large copper basin, inside the acacia leaves, mugwort, pouring hot water, to congratulate friends and relatives will
copper, peanuts and eggs into the basin, called add basin. If the baby cries loudly during the bathing process, it is
considered to be good luck, and this is called "ringing the basin."
The baby's first day in the womb is the seventh day of life. Yuche, also known as rocking car, made of birch bark, about 1.3
m long, 0.7 meters wide, the two ends of the semi-circular, like a small boat. Later generations of the car is made of linden wood panels,
The edges of the paint in red, painted patterns, written with auspicious words, very beautiful. Yaucha hanging on the beams, swinging
to very lightweight, in order to keep the baby's arms and legs straight and to avoid turning over when the fall, generally with cloth tape
children's elbows, knees and ankles tied to the Yaucha. The baby underneath the laying of grain bran filled with pockets,
pillow is filled with millet or sorghum rice. Because the Manchus consider the back of a child's head to be flat and beautiful, they use such a
pillow.
The child is officially named after the full moon, before the age of five, a family festival, commonly known as "jumping god of joy", generally only
one day, do not kill the pigs and sheep, but only to kill chickens to make cakes, sacrifices to the gods of the ancestors, thanks to the divine dragon to send a child. In the clan's public ceremony, a "lock-changing" ceremony is held. Each newborn child receives a pair of locks to wear and worships the willow for good luck. After the ceremony,
then the locks are put into the bag of children and grandchildren and kept.
The child's first visit to the grandmother's house is undoubtedly a soybean event. When the grandma and grandpa returned with their lovely grandson,
the grandma and grandpa's family were overjoyed and treated them like honored guests. At this time, the young mother knocked the child's head gently
against the pillar, indicating that the child would not only be able to live in the grandmother's house, but also grow up to be healthy and strong in the future.
Before the age of 8, boys toys to the bow and arrow, but also to carry out than the archery game, who shoots accurate who will be valued
Vision. Girls played with swings as their main recreational activity.
The Manchus do not have a fixed crown ceremony. Only by the clan chief or shaman in front of the ancestral god sacrifice, will give the spirit of the pendant to the young
young men and women. General boy forehead hanging boar tusks, girls more wear boar tusks. From then on, young men and women
can participate in all social activities of the clan.
[Manchu Spring Festival]
"Aniye Nengye" is a Manchu word for the Spring Festival of the Manchu people, which is a traditional grand festival of the Manchu people.
The Manchu Spring Festival originated from Han Chinese customs. Nurhachu after the establishment of the Jin regime, three years (1618), the fate of the army into Liaoyang, Shenyang area, under the influence of the Han economy and culture, the development of Manchu society has changed a lot. Especially after the succession of Huang taiji, shunzhi first year (1644) the Qing army into shanhaiguan capital of Beijing, a large number of Manchu residents migrated to guannei, and han miscellaneous *** place, in the economic and cultural exchanges with each other, each other's influence, the relationship is close. Over time, many customs and culture of the Han people were absorbed by the Manchu people, the Spring Festival will then become a traditional festival of the Manchu and Han **** common.
■ Celebration
Prior to the festival, people are actively organizing the New Year's goods, cleaning the courtyard, posting couplets, hanging paper (also known as hanging flags), window and Fukuji, steaming rice cakes, branding sticky water spoon. At dawn on the first day of the morning, every family firecrackers, to say goodbye and welcome the new year. At the same time, they set up offerings under the ancestor boards on the west wall of their homes, light tartar incense, bow to the ancestors, and pray to the gods to bless the whole family with peace and prosperity in the new year. At the beginning of the New Year, the whole family gathers together to eat reunion dumplings, commonly known as "taiyuanbao". While the dumplings are cooking, the head of the family yells, "Have you risen yet?" The others answer simultaneously, "Yes!" They liken the rise of the dumplings from the bottom of the pot to the rise of the day. Then the children climb up on the cupboard and jump three times to show that the new day is a "high day". On this day, the younger generation kowtows to their elders (in the olden days, women performed the ritual of kneeling and stroking their temples), and the parents give the children money to celebrate the new year. Clan relatives should also pay tribute to each other, friends and relatives are invited to feasts, together with the old talk about the new. Boys and girls in groups fireworks, firecrackers, play wooden plows, or skating in high spirits; girls and young women are dressed in costume, playing Garaha (made of pig or cow knee bone toys).
Songs and dances are an important part of the festival. According to the "Bohai State Records" records: "officials and people gather at the time of the year for music, the first order of the good song and dance, several generations of the front line, the women followed, and more singing and, circling around, said 'step after'." Treading after the stilts. So far, this custom is still inherited. The first to the fifth, people are gathered in one place, singing, dancing, stilt walkers, enjoy entertainment, some places, young people also organized their own performance team, village performances, to congratulate the New Year, the festive atmosphere is more intense.
The Manchu New Year, used to use fine powder, eggs, sugar, sesame, green?