In the cultivation of farmland in the Tang Dynasty, medicine gardens accounted for a certain proportion, and wherever cultivated, there were always medicinal plants cultivated. Volume 16 of Bai's Changqing Collection once said that at that time, "medicine gardens and vegetable gardens are industries." It shows that the cultivation of medicinal materials in the Tang Dynasty has formed a considerable scale. Another example is Du Fu's poem "Taiping Temple Spring Eye": "When the house is dirty, Yu Runtong medicine garden." Wang Wei's poem "A Family Banquet in Jeju" says: "The lotus hoe repairs the medicine garden, and the Chinese kitchen feeds wild vegetables." Liu Deren's poem "To the Taoshan People" says: "The wife of the medicine garden is the same, and the son of Yamada plows." All reflect the prosperous momentum of pharmacy operation. Even in the narrow space in front of the house and behind the house, the Tang people had to plant a few cups of medicinal materials. For example, Yao He's "Thirty Poems in Wugong County" says: "The only way to bypass the house is the rattan frame, and the invasion is the medicine cup." Yao Jie's "Two Poems of Offering Li to Serve Yu in Suizhou" says: "There is only medicine in the end." These widely cultivated medicinal plants provided great resources for Tang people to eat medicinal seedlings.
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In the eyes of the Tang people, medicinal seedlings are rare and delicious vegetables, which are not only delicious, but also beneficial to the body and mind. Li Deyu's poem "Remembering Medicine Miao" has a cordial eulogy for this, and its poem says: "The medicine Miao on the stream is full of qi, and the richness is just as good as it is. Can help me live longer, not only strengthen my muscles and bones. The taste of Shangshanzhi is more than that of Shouyang fern. Is it like a Gangu scholar who has to sip from a fragrant spring? " In Tang people's daily drinking, medicine seedlings and vegetables are both excellent non-staple foods. Fang Gan's poem "To Zhang Shaofu in Huiji" says: "How can a high festival ever be like an official, and a medicine seedling is fragrant and clean to prepare a regular meal?" And the poem "Send Zheng Tai Chu Shi to Jiangyan Rock" says: "I am used to collecting medicinal seedlings for wild crops, and I have written a book on banana leaves to send new questions." Lu Lun's poem "On the topic of assistant minister Hou Zhao's assistant minister Xinchang Li" says: "Tingsha becomes a wild mat, and orchid medicine is a family vegetable." Jia Dao's "Zhai Zhong" poem says: "When it rains enough, it should be rich in vegetables and medicine." Bai Juyi's poem "Mountain Residence" says: "Only medicine is served in the morning meal, and only gauze lamp is served at night." Zheng Chang's poem "Send to Xing Yiren" says: "Wild drinking medicine and seedling fertilizer". Guan Lin's poem "Early Spring with Master Mao" says: "It's sweet to eat medicine." The poets in the Tang Dynasty cited above narrated the prominent position of medicinal seedlings in the diet from different angles. Whether it is the picnic of Chu Shi, a mountain man, or the excellent dishes of literati and officials, we can see the traces of medicinal seedlings. This shows that medicinal seedlings, as a new vegetable food, have seized a place in the traditional diet pattern of Tang Dynasty.
Song Dynasty people once again expanded the edible range of medicinal seedlings, and increased the proportion of medicinal seedlings in daily vegetable food. Volume 8 of Huang Xiufu's "Maoting Hakka Dialect" once recorded that people at that time "used medicinal seedlings as vegetables and medicinal powder as food." This phenomenon is extremely common. In the recipes of Shanren farmers, Yaomiao often plays the leading role. For example, Lu You's poem "Shan Dong" says: "It's not necessary for the mountain family to go far away to cook." In addition, the poem "Alone to Dun 'an Summer Palace in the Big Bamboo Forest" also says: "Medicine Miao Ye Shu Shan Jia Wei." Those bureaucrats who have a certain status also eat medicine seedlings, and they are even more interested. For example, Yu Wang's poem "Sending Fengyang to the Chief Executive" says: "The number of medicines is fragrant"; Lu You's poem "That's the Thing" also says: "The medicine seedlings pick their own dishes and vegetables." It can be seen that fresh and refreshing medicine seedlings have touched the appetite of many people.
There are many edible varieties of medicinal seedlings, such as medlar seedlings, chamomile seedlings, lotus seeds, technical seedlings, tender leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum, acanthopanax bark, perilla frutescens, Elsholtzia, cassia obtusifolia and so on, which are all delicious vegetable foods.
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People in Tang and Song Dynasties planted Lycium barbarum and used its seedlings and leaves as vegetables. Chen Ziang once mentioned in "Viewing Jade" that people make Lycium barbarum seedling leaves into vegetable shavings for people to eat. After eating Lycium barbarum seedlings, scholars in Song Dynasty often praised them and wrote poems for them. For example, Zhao Fan's poem "Eating Lycium barbarum" says: "Who knows that the spring breeze has not happened, and the seedlings have been tried and picked?" Don't be tired of your stomach, bamboo is thinner than your stomach. " Zhu Yi's poem "Eating Lycium barbarum with Liu Ling" says: "The Zhou Party passed uncle Zhong, and there was no food in the water. I have Lycium barbarum on my plate, which is the same as Zizi. If than min county magistrate, has made the abbot rich. But it makes the teeth and cheeks fragrant, and it is almost free from jealousy. " Lycium barbarum leaves are slightly bitter, so they must be boiled with boiling water before eating. If cooked properly, they are still cool and refreshing.
In the Tang and Song Dynasties, people planted chamomile, used it as a medicinal material, and also ate its young leaves. Some people also use chamomile as a drink. Yao He, a Tang Dynasty, described the wonderful use of this kind of chamomile in the book "Shame and Advice in Illness". The poem says: "There are more than ten chrysanthemums in a rustling palace. Picking and fragrant dew, sealing the title to send sick Weng. Cooked in a tea pot, the meal is called stone ou zhong. Xiang Jie will never taste the same. " In the Song Dynasty, people cooked chamomile into a vegetable soup, which was regarded as a good dish. For example, Li Guang's poem "The old man picked garden vegetables with Qi Ju as a soup smells very rare" said: "The garden vegetables are two inches long, and the gums are crisp and the chrysanthemum seedlings are fragrant. If you want to invite the neighboring dragons to sip together, you may be short of the wall by chickens and dolphins. " The fragrance and beauty of its soup are known in poetry. In Song people's daily food, we can often see the posture of chamomile. For example, Huang Tingjian's poem "Playing with Yan Shen": "Filling the deficiency and relieving the war depends on the soup cake, and using chamomile and chamomile" means using chamomile as a side dish of noodles; Su Shi's poem "Spring Cuisine" says: "Artemisia capillaris and chamomile bear the burden of the canal, while catfish pile up the dishes and wipe them with their hands", and it also refers to matching chamomile with fish.
Bai He is a zingiberaceae plant, and its rhizome, flower spike and fruit are all used for medicine, which has been widely planted by people in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan's poem "Planting Bai He" goes: "Fruits and vegetables are far away, and a glass of wine is full of Chen. ..... Emperor Yan bowed his head and edited it, which is very rare. " Chen Zangqi's Notes on Materia Medica records that there are two kinds of lotus: red and white, and the white one eats its roots, which is called "covering", while the red one is worthy of being chewed and used as a plum fruit. Sun Simiao emphasized the value of Bai He's vegetable food in Thousands of Yaofang, pointing out that this medicine seedling is "pungent and mild", and both the seedling and the root are edible.
It is a compositae plant, including Atractylodes macrocephala and Atractylodes lancea. Its roots are used as medicine and its seedlings can be used as vegetables. "Four Seasons Essentials" records the cultivation of Atractylodes lancea: "If you plant it in the border, it will be thick in one year, and the seedlings can also be vegetables." Liu Zongyuan's poem "Planting Techniques" has a special liking for this kind of crop, and the poem says: "Earth paste nourishes mysterious liquid, and truffles fall into numerous branches. South East is an acre of its own, and it fills the air. The morning walk is beautiful, and the night sleep is quiet. ..... If the bamboo is like a fragrant leaf, I would rather consider it. " It seems that the seedling is a delicious vegetable food, so it will be praised so much.
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Polygonatum sibiricum is a famous medicinal material, which was cultivated artificially in the Tang Dynasty and popularized in a certain range. Zhang Ji's poem "Sending a King to Serve the Royal Family" said: "If you want to move to live nearby, there are many fields and kinds of Polygonatum." The rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum is used for medicine, and the seedling leaves are high-quality vegetables. "Four Seasons" once said: Polygonatum sibiricum "has beautiful leaves and is used as a vegetable." Su Song, a native of the Song Dynasty, also pointed out in the Classic of Materia Medica: "The leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings are slightly hooked, ... When the seedlings are born, people often choose vegetables as shavings, which is called pen dishes and tastes extremely beautiful."
Acanthopanax senticosus is a deciduous shrub whose root bark is used for medicine. People in Song Dynasty planted it in gardens and picked it as a bud as a vegetable. Zhu Bian's "Quyi Old News" recorded in Volume 4: "The medicine has Acanthopanax bark, and its trunk has thorns, and its leaves are like catalpa, which is commonly called catalpa. Spring buds are edible, sweet and slightly bitter, or sweet in bitterness, and cloud food is extremely beneficial to people. The son is in the Dongli Mountain, which is often used as a salary when he is old. Because he is called the back garden, he can cover people who have no fun, especially because his buds are edible. "
Of course, there are many varieties of medicinal seedlings in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as burdock, false Sue, plantain, mint, etc., which are all eaten by people. Xin Li, a Tang Dynasty poet, wrote in the poem titled Shenli Teachers College: "There are all kinds of herbs in the courtyard, and the flowers are fragrant when eating", which means that all kinds of medicinal seedlings are eaten. Song Zhiwen's poem "Answering Li Sheren's Suitability" said: "Medicinal seedlings are all ethnic groups", which even boasted about the numerous varieties of edible medicinal seedlings at that time. It can be said that during the Tang and Song Dynasties, people tried their best to expand their vegetable fields and cultivated edible species intentionally. In this way, people have more choices in their daily diet.