On the one hand, computers bring great convenience to users; On the other hand, problems such as operating system paralysis and data loss caused by improper use or unpredictable reasons have also brought great troubles to users. In view of this, as a computer user, it is particularly important to master the real skills of backup and recovery. Ghost is famous for its powerful function and convenient use, and has become a leader in hard disk backup and recovery software. In order to help the users who are using Ghost and let the users who have never used it avoid detours, this paper mainly introduces some skills of using this software.
■ Which version of Ghost do you choose?
Ghost has many versions. Generally speaking, players should choose versions after 5. 1C, including 5. 1C, 5. 1d, Ghost 2000, etc. Since Symantec acquired Ghost products, these newer versions have been called Symantec Ghost. The versions listed above are compatible with FAT32 partition mode, support long Chinese file names, can backup operating system and data files well, and can also be used to "clone" hard disks or partitions, which is particularly useful when installing or replacing hard disks. 5. Versions before1have more or less problems. The author uses version 4.0 Ghost, and the software is registered successfully. Everything was normal when the partition was made into a mirror file, but when the mirror file was written back to the partition, the operation process showed normal, but in fact, no changes were made to the target partition, and repeated experiments failed.
■ Why should I back up my operating system?
In order to avoid the huge project of reinstalling the operating system, application software and configuring internet-related parameters after the system is paralyzed, it is necessary to back up the operating system. For this reason, the hard disk must be divided into at least drive C and drive D, where drive C is used to install the operating system and drive D stores application software, data files and image files of drive C backed up by Ghost. In this way, when there is a problem with the operating system, the D disk will not be affected in any way. Just write the image file stored in disk D back to the partition of disk C, and the operating system can be restored to its original state.
■ How to configure drive C?
The partition size of disk C should be appropriate. The partition is too small, which affects the running speed of Windows; Too many partitions will either waste hard disk space or cause too much backup data, which will not only occupy valuable hard disks in vain, but also consume extra time in the process of backup and recovery. Take Windows 98 operating system as an example. The size of drive C is about 600MB. Windows98 takes up about 200MB, virtual memory 100 trillion, plus some commonly used tools and small software, a * * * takes up about 400MB, leaving about 200MB of free space, so Windows 98 will not be stretched. When backing up the partition of disk C, even if the image file is not compressed, it will be three or four hundred megabytes, which can be described as the best of both worlds.
■ Don't forget to organize drive C before backup.
(1) Clean up the operating system first. After configuring the network-related settings, delete all temporary files that may exist in the temp subfolder of Windows 98, and then move the folders MyDocuments (the default place to store user documents) and Temporary Internet Files (the browser temporarily stores files, and users can browse offline) to drive D. See related articles for specific relocation methods. The benefits of this are obvious, which can ensure that all files generated by users are not stored in the C drive, and once an accident occurs, you can rewrite the C drive without scruple. In addition, you can also delete those useless help files, readme files, screen savers, background pictures and many audio files, so that the operating system can achieve better slimming effect.
(2) When installing large-scale application software, such as Office 2000, Photoshop 5.0, etc., it is best to install it on disk D, so that disk C will not be excessively inflated, which can greatly reduce the amount of backup data.
(3) Common tools and small software, such as Winzip, ACDSee, burning small software, etc. You can put it on disk D or disk C, but it doesn't take up much space anyway.
Finally, don't forget to defragment the disk thoroughly again and adjust the C disk to the best state. Then, you can run Ghost software from DOS to make a C disk image file.
■ Partition backup skills
The general operation method of hard disk partition backup: from. Ghost main menu, open the window of making partition image file, select the hard disk to be backed up (if multiple hard disks are hung) and partition, and then specify the name and storage path of the image file. After confirmation, the image file with extension. Gho will be generated, which will take about ten minutes.
Backup skills:
(1) It is best to create a Ghost folder on drive D to store the generated backup files *. Gho and Ghost.exe are in this folder. In this way, when the recovery operation is carried out in the future, as long as the Ghost software is started, the backup image file can be displayed immediately without looking everywhere. You know, running Ghost software under DOS, if there is no mouse driver loaded, it is very annoying to find files only by keyboard.
(2) Set the backed-up image file to system, implicit and read-only attributes. On the one hand, it can prevent accidental deletion and virus infection; On the other hand, it can avoid frequently moving the position of mirror files when sorting D disks, and save the time of sorting disks.
(3) When generating image files, the maximum compression algorithm is usually adopted, so that the bytes of the generated image files are obviously reduced and the hard disk space is saved; Otherwise, the image file will have the same total number of bytes as the C disk file. Using the maximum compression method, although the processing time will be correspondingly extended, the frequency of partition backup recovery operation is very low, and it may only be done once every few months, which is more cost-effective to save hard disk space.
■ Make backup and recovery more secure.
Due to virus or operation error, the mirror file may be lost or the file partition table may be damaged. If you only make a backup according to the above method, there is still the danger of being "destroyed", although the probability is very small. Therefore, if conditions permit, the following preventive measures should be taken:
(1) Backup file partition table information. Using Kill 98, KV300, Norton and other software, the backup of file partition table can be generated on floppy disk. In case the virus attacks the partition information and causes paralysis, it can be easily recovered.
(2) Copy the image file to an external hard disk or burn it to a CD to prevent the image file on the hard disk from being damaged.
(3) Copy the Ghost.exe file to the floppy disk, run the file on the floppy disk when necessary, and restore the original appearance of the partition through the CD or external storage device.
■ Need to know about restoring backups.
For the hard disk with dual boot or multi-boot mode using the boot manager partition, it is best to turn off the boot management first, then resume the operation, and then resume the boot manager after everything is normal. The reason is that the partition where the boot manager is located must be the active partition. If the backup partition is also active, then after the recovery operation, two active partitions will appear at the same time, which will easily lead to crash.
Sometimes, after rewriting the partition operation, DIR columns the directory, and finds that all files are strange and long garbled file names, and all files are located in the root directory, so you can't see the tree subdirectory structure. Don't panic at this time, and don't delete files or format the hard disk rashly. In fact, there is nothing wrong with your hard drive. Just restart the computer and everything will be fine.
■ What you need to know when applying Ghost.
The backup and recovery of (1) partition should be carried out in a pure DOS environment as far as possible. Generally, you should not operate from Windows or fake DOS.
There is an Explorer program in the Ghost package. After running in Windows environment, you can release files or folders from the image file at will, just like ordinary decompression software. However, I think it is of little use. Because the biggest advantage of Ghost is that it can restore the partition to its original state in the shortest time regardless of whether it's 3721 or not, without asking which file is missing.
(2) When using Ghost to copy a hard disk or partition, it is absolutely no problem to clone the same or large-capacity hard disk or partition from a small capacity. The target hard disk or partition will be the same as the source disk, and the part larger than the capacity of the source disk will become free space. For example, the source partition * * * is 600 MB, using FAT 16 partition mode, * * has 400MB of data, and the target partition * *1GB uses FAT32 partition mode. After the source partition is successfully cloned into the target partition, the target partition also becomes FAT 16 partition mode, but the capacity is still 65438. Therefore, when upgrading a computer to a large hard disk, you can easily copy the contents of the original hard disk without reinstalling the operating system and application software.
(3) Some players' Ghost is an unauthorized version, so you need to find a file with an extension. . Env before you can use it normally. Register through the command line under DOS, and the format is shown in the readme file of the software package.
GHOST usage step diagram
Even if you have the most advanced computer and use the traditional method, the installation speed of Windows is still a headache! Is there any simple way to reinstall the system? Ghosts are one of them. Ghost is the most commonly used and powerful tool software in backup/maintenance system.
Norton Ghost's file is relatively small, as long as a main file, Ghost.exe(Ghost 2002 is only 600 KB), can work, and then install a startup disk. Because it is a pure DOS program, it is suggested to make a startup disk and put Norton Ghost on the floppy disk. Let's take a step-by-step look at how to make an image file and restore the system:
Make a mirror image of the main partition
After running Norton Ghost, the first thing you see is the main menu, in which the meaning of each option is as follows:
Local: Operation between local hard disks.
LPT: Operation between hard disks connected through parallel ports.
NetBios: operation between network hard disks
Options: Settings (usually using default values)
Taking a single machine as an example, select the Local menu, which includes the following submenus:
Disks: hard disk operation options
Partition: partition operation options
Check: Check function (generally ignored)
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Figure 1: Select "Partition" to "Mirror"
Select Partition to view the following commands:
To partition: partition to partition replication
TO Image: the partition content is backed up as a mirror image.
Restore from Image: Mirror to Partition
For ordinary users, the most commonly used items are "To Mirror" (partition contents are backed up as image files) or "From Mirror" in "To Partition" (restoring from image files to partitions).
Figure 2: Selecting the Right Source Hard Disk
First, use a clean startup disk to start the machine in pure DOS mode and execute the Ghost.exe file. After displaying the main screen of Ghost, select "Local → Partition → Mirror", and the hard disk selection screen will be displayed, and select the hard disk "1" where the source partition is located (note that the example is dual disk).
Figure 3: Selecting the Source Partition Correctly
Select the partition (that is, the source partition) to create the image file. Here, select the partition "1" (that is, partition C), and then click the OK button.
Figure 4: Named image file
Publication time: 2005-02-0512: 50:1039th floor.
Select the location to save the image file (pay special attention to the partition C that needs to be backed up), and then type the name of the image file in the File Name text box, such as "C_BAK" or "C_BAK". GHO ",and then press enter.
Figure 5: Start creating partition images.
Next, Norton Ghost will ask you if you need to compress the image file, and "No" means no compression; "Fast" refers to small-scale compression, but the backup work is faster; "High" means using a higher compression ratio, but the backup speed is relatively slow. Generally choose "high", although the speed is a bit slow, but the hard disk space occupied by the image file will be greatly reduced.
After all these preparations were completed, Norton Ghost began to make this image file named "C_BAK". "GHO for you. According to the author's experience, the backup speed has a great relationship with the CPU frequency and content capacity. Generally speaking, 64MB of memory can reach 7 1mb/min, and the author's C drive uses about 2GB, which only takes about 10 minutes. In order to avoid deleting files by mistake, it is best to set the attribute of this mirror file to "read only".
Restore primary partition mirror
Through the above work, we have backed up a mirror file named "C_BAK". GHO ",if necessary, we can follow the following steps to quickly restore the true colors of the C disk.
Figure 6: Selecting a Source Image File
Run Norton Ghost, select "Local → Partition → Slave Image" in the main menu (note that this is the "Slave Image" item), and select the primary partition image file C_BAK. GHO from disk d just now.
Figure 7: Determining the Source Partition
Select the partition to be restored from "C_BAK". GHO "file. Only the mirror image of the c partition, choose this partition directly.
Figure 8: Selecting the Target Hard Disk
Select the target hard disk, usually the main hard disk, to which you want to restore the image.
Figure 9: Identifying the Target Partition
Select the destination partition C on the destination hard disk to which you want to restore the image. Be careful not to choose the wrong target partition, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable.
Finally, Norton Ghost will ask you again if you want to resume the operation and warn you that if you do, all data on the target partition will disappear. Click "Y" to resume the operation, and the time is roughly equal to the time of making the mirror image. After the recovery work, Norton Ghost will suggest restarting the system and follow the prompts. Soon a clean and perfect basic system will reappear in front of you.
Matters needing attention in using Norton Ghost
1, put Norton Ghost on the startup disk;
2. Set the working mode of hard disk correctly, so that your hard disk can work in Ultra ATA/33/66 mode, and the speed of making mirror files is faster;
3. Image files should be kept as clean and basic as possible. The more application software is installed, the more serious the system modification is, and the more likely it is to make mistakes when installing new software, so don't install too many application software before making image files;
4. When restoring the image file, all the original data on the target disk will be overwritten, which cannot be restored by any anti-deletion method.
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Second, the local area network operation
LPT transmits backup files through parallel port. There are two options: slave and master, which are used to connect the host and the client respectively. NetBios, the network basic input and output system, is similar to LPT, and also has two options, slave and master, which have the same functions as LPT.
Make the partition of ghost a *. Gho file, and then install Symantec Ghost Enterprise Edition on win98 and restart.
1. First, make a ghost boot disk with a network card driver. Start & gt Program & gt Symantec Ghost & gtGhost Boot Wizard-> Network Boot Disk If your network card is directly selected from the list, you can use PC-DOS to generate a boot disk. However, the floppy disk generated by version 6.5 often has problems and cannot be successfully started. If your network card is not in the list, you should set up a special packet driver. Add-> The packet driver (included in the driver of the network card) goes down step by step according to the prompt and fills in the IP of the workstation (Ghost must have tcp/ip protocol). Finally, a floppy disk was generated, but it still could not be used. To change the autoexec.bat file, please add a 16 address after net xxxx.dos, such as 0X75. Multiple computers only need to change the ip in the wattcp.cfg file:
IP = 192. 168. 100.44
Netmask = 255.255.255.0
Gateway =192.168.100.1
2. Run the multicast server screen on the server side. Give the server a session name (alias), such as bb, and then select image file as the gho file. Then-> dump from client-> Partition-> More options-> Fill in 50 in the automatically started client (if you want to copy 50 sets at the same time)-> Even if you accept the completion of the client, when the number of your workstations reaches 50, the server will automatically transmit *. Gho file
3. Details:
At present, quite a few electronic classrooms have adopted workstations without floppy drives and CDs. In the absence of floppy drive and CD-ROM drive, when the software system of hard disk has problems, can network disk cloning be realized? PXE (pre boot execution environment, which is an extended network protocol based on Internet protocols such as TCP/IP, DHCP and TFTP) technology provides the function of starting from the network, which enables us to find a solution. Next, we will explain how to use Ghost 7.0 to realize PXE-based network disk cloning.
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Third, briefly introduce the process of network disk cloning.
The process of network disk cloning is as follows: on the workstation with floppy drive, start the machine with startup disk, connect to the server, and clone the mirror image of hard disk or partition to the workstation with Ghost multicast server, thus realizing a safe and fast network disk cloning without disassembling the machine.
Realize PXE network startup mode
For workstations without floppy drive and CD-ROM drive, there are three steps to realize PXE network startup mode:
1, PXE startup setting of workstation
PXE network startup generally needs to add PXE startup ROM); To the network card; For some models of network cards, PXE boot code can also be written into the Flash ROM motherboard. And some brand machines with integrated network cards on their motherboards (such as the commercial machines of Tsinghua Tongfang) can directly support PXE startup.
Commonly used RTL8 139 chip network card, its PXE startup setting mode is: press Shift+F 10 according to the screen prompt when booting, and select PXE in startup type to open the network startup option.
2. Make PXE startup files.
To make PXE startup files, it is recommended to use 3Com's DABS (Dynamic Access Boot Service). DABS provides powerful PXE startup service and management functions, but the 30-day trial version can be downloaded online. So we only use its boot image file making function, and the DHCP server of Windows 2000 Server provides PXE boot service.
DABS can be installed on any machine running Windows. After the installation is completed, run the 3Com boot image editor and the main interface diagram will appear. Select Create TCP/IP or PXE Image File to open the dialog box. Name the image file to be created, such as pxeghost.img. For others, use the default option, put the network boot disk that has been tested normally into the floppy drive, and select [OK] to create the pxeghost.img file of the PXE boot image.
In the main menu of 3Com boot image editor, select "Create PXE menu boot file", and select [Add] in the window that appears to add the boot image file Pxeghost.img that we just created. In the Options tab, you can set the menu title and waiting time.
Select [Save] and name the saved PXE menu startup file Pxemenu.pxe
3. PXE startup service settings of the server
The DHCP service of Windows 2000 Server supports two startup protocols: DHCP and BOOTP. We can set the following three options: DHCP only, BOOTP only and both. If other DHCP servers provide dynamic IP address assignment in our LAN, then select BOOTP only here. If you need this server to provide dynamic IP address assignment, you need to select both.
Next, set the startup file name. Configure the option "067: startup file name" in the scope option of DHCP server, and the string value is the startup file name pxemenu.pxecreated by us. Note: The file name does not contain the path.
The DHCP server only informs the BOOTP client of the startup file name. How does the client download the startup file? The answer is that TFTP service is needed. 3Com's DABS contains a TFTP service component. Of course, you can also download a free TFTP server software for long-term use.
In the settings of TFTP server, specify a service directory. Put the PXE startup files Pxeghost.img and Pxemenu.pxe the service directory of TFTP. The TFTP server is set to run automatically.
Cloning hard disk with Ghost multicast
Now run the Ghost multicast server, and the task name is Restore. After the setting is completed, press the [Accept Client] button. Start a diskless workstation in a disk clone. If the above steps are correct, you should be able to start PXE and join the multicast cloning task. After all target workstations are connected to the task, press the [Send] button to start the cloning task.