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How to prevent and control bee diseases and insect pests.

The main diseases of bees include cystic larvae and European larval rot disease. The main enemies of bees include nest insects, wasps, and toads.

1. Cystic larvae

Cysid larvae is a viral disease. The acute onset is fierce and contagious. It is a devastating disease. Once an acute epidemic occurs, 70% of the bees can be destroyed. Especially in seasons with low temperatures, large temperature differences, and insufficient nectar sources, the incidence rate is high. The peak incidence periods in Hunan occur from March to April and September to October.

1. Main symptoms

Most of the dead larvae were six-day-old larvae, 30% died before capping, and 70% died after capping. In the early stage of the disease, severe "flowering" phenomenon occurs, large holes appear in the diseased nest cover, and the covered larvae curl up. The body color of the sick larvae changes from white to yellow, then brown to black. The dead larvae lie straight on the bottom of the nest, with their heads tilted up, and the ends of their bodies are cyst-shaped and shaped like a dragon boat. They are easily eliminated by worker bees after drying.

2. Prevention and treatment methods

① Prevention: Breeding disease-resistant strains, controlling mutual infection of disease groups, disinfecting beehives, changing kings, etc.

②Treatment: Bi Feng Kang is a pure Chinese medicine for oral administration. Each sachet can treat 20 spleen bees. Add 25 grams each of Scutellaria barbata, Acanthopanax bark, Isatis root, and Honeysuckle to boil in water. Concentrate and mix with sugar water to feed the bees in the evening. Each dose of medicine can feed the bees 40 spleens until no pests and diseases are seen.

2. European larval rot disease

A common disease among bees. This disease is prone to occur in spring and autumn. The pathogen is Streptococcus alveoli. Contaminated feed and sewage are the biggest sources of spreading the disease.

1. Main symptoms

European larval disease generally only infects 2-day-old larvae, and the pests die on 4 to 5 days. The color of the diseased larvae changes from white to yellow to dark brown, and finally rots and dries up on the bottom of the nest, turning into non-sticky, easy-to-remove scales. When the disease seriously harms the larvae, only eggs and larvae can be seen in the bee colony for a long time, and no sealing cap can be seen.

2. Prevention and control methods

① Prevention: Breed strains with low sensitivity to diseases, change the king, break the breeding cycle in the colony, and strictly disinfect the disease box.

②Treatment: Fengjie is a new type of bactericidal disinfectant. It is better to use Fengjie to treat European young diseases. Streptomycin syrup can also be used to feed sick groups, but it can easily cause honey contamination.

3. Nest worms

Nest worms are the larvae of the Galleria mellonella. The main bee hazards are the larvae of the Greater Galleria mellonella and Lesser Galleria mellonella. Three to four generations occur in a year, and the larval stage lasts about 50 days. The damage caused by nest worms is rampant from June to July every year.

Damage situation: The wax borer hides in dark places during the day, sneaks into the beehive at night, and lays eggs in the wax scraps at the bottom of the box or in the cracks of the box. The eggs hatch into larvae, and the larvae climb up the nest and eat the wax, knock down on the nest, spin silk and make cocoons, destroy the nest, harm the larvae and pupae on the nest, and cause "pulsatilla" disease on the nest. At worst, the group is in decline, and at worst, the whole group flees.

Prevention and control methods:

l. Clean the beehive frequently to remove debris and debris.

2. There are more bees than the spleen or the spleen is symmetrical, making it impossible for nest insects to climb up the spleen.

3. When white-headed pupae are found, lift the spleen to shake off the bees, and place them in the sun for 3-5 minutes. The nest worms will crawl out when they see the light, and then eliminate them.

4. Place the bee-free hives in empty boxes and fumigate them regularly with sulfur.

4. Wasps and toads

Wasps are also known as hornets and hornets. It is a major enemy of bees in our country. There are 14 species of wasps, and there are 6 to 8 species that mainly harm bees. In southern mountainous areas, 5 to 6 generations of wasps can occur in a year, and they cause the greatest damage in summer and autumn. Wasps are violent and aggressive in nature. It can catch bees at will in the air; it can besiege bees in front of the beehive door; it can bite the beehive, and 3 to 5 groups can enter the beehive and kill the bees, and the harmed bee colonies can collectively escape. The pupae are left behind and the wasps carry them back to their nests to feed their offspring. According to reports, 20 to 30 hornets can kill 5,000 to 20,000 bees within a few hours. The main method of wasp control is hunting, with poison and fire attacks being highly effective. If you find a wasp flying near the beehive, use a wooden board to kill it. If you hit it hard, the wasp will not come.

Toads (commonly known as toads) hide at the bottom of the beehive or in caves in surrounding weeds during the day, and stay by the nest door to hunt bees during hot nights. A large toad can eat 100 to 200 bees in one night. The prevention and control methods are to raise the beehives, clear weed holes, and kill them manually in the morning and evening.