Enoki mushrooms are also known as shiitake mushrooms, Pleurotus pleurotus, Streptococcus fasciculata, Pleurotus edulis, etc. (Figure 4-36). Its cultivation cycle is short, simple and convenient, low cost, wide source of raw materials and high economic benefits. It is the one with the lowest temperature required for large-scale cultivation of mushrooms. Enoki mushroom is a pure white variant of Enoki mushroom, commonly known as white Enoki mushroom. It is very popular in Japan, Hong Kong, Guangzhou and other places in my country. Its cultivation technology is similar to Enoki mushroom.

Figure 4-36 Flammulina velutipes

The fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes are clustered and composed of cap, gills and stipe. The cap is 1 to 7 cm in diameter. It is spherical when young, with the back edge curled into a wave shape. There is a layer of gelatin on the surface of the cap; the flesh is white and thick in the center. The gills are white or light yellow, slightly dense. The stipe is free or curved, 5 to 20 cm long, white or light yellow in color, with a dark brown base. The interior of the stipe is solid in the early stage and hollow in the later stage. The nutritional and environmental requirements of Flammulina velutipes are as follows:

(1) Nutrition

In nature, Flammulina velutipes can use simple sugars, cellulose, lignin and other compounds in wood to replenish carbon. source, but the ability to decompose wood is weak, so clinker cultivation is required, and it is best to use aged wood chips. In addition, some wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, cottonseed flour, soybean cake flour, etc. should be added to supplement nitrogen sources. Enoki mushrooms are naturally deficient in vitamin B1 and vitamin B2, so some corn flour, rice bran, etc. should be added to the culture material.

(2) Temperature

The temperature range for mycelium growth is 3 to 34°C, with the optimum temperature of about 23°C. The temperature for fruiting body differentiation is 10 to 15°C, with an optimum of 12 to 13°C; the normal growth temperature of fruiting bodies is 5 to 20°C, with an optimum of 8 to 12°C. Short-term suppression treatment at 4°C after fruiting body formation can make the mushrooms grow neatly and have a rounded shape.

(3) Humidity

Mycelium growth requires a medium moisture content of 60 to 68%. Depending on the texture of the culture material, appropriately increasing the water content can increase production. If the moisture content is lower than 50, the mycelial growth will be sparse and it will be difficult to form fruiting bodies; if the moisture content is higher than 75, the ventilation will be poor and the mycelial growth will be slow. The growth and development of fruiting bodies requires a relative air humidity of 85 to 95.

(4) Air

Enoki mushrooms are aerobic fungi. During the development stage of mycelium and fruiting body, attention should be paid to ventilation to keep the air fresh. However, due to the market's special requirements for enoki mushroom products, the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom shed must be appropriately controlled during the fruiting body growth stage to promote long mushroom stalks and crisp and tender mushrooms.

(5) Light

Enoki mushrooms are photophobic fungi and have strong phototaxis. Mycelium can grow normally in dark conditions, and primordia can also form in complete darkness. However, scattered light must promote the formation of fruiting bodies.

(6) Acidity and alkalinity

Enoki mushrooms require a weakly acidic culture medium. Mycelium can grow in the pH range of 3 to 8.4, with the optimum pH of 5 to 7.5. Alkaline will cause Delay the occurrence of child entities.