Ming Dynasty - Miao Xiyong, Zhuang Convergence of the "Great Method of Cannonage" (1622), has summarized the ancient methods of cannon-baking as "Lei Gong Cannon-baking Seventeen Methods", namely, 1 cannon, 2 baking, 3 fire on the fire, 4 baking, 5 simmering, 6 frying, 7 calcined, 8 refining (long time of the fire), 9 system, 10 degrees (the measurements of length of the drug), 11 fly (water fly), 12 volts (run the drug or fire system stored for quite a long time after the term voltaic), 13 pounds (peeling, scraping, planing, 14 shattering, 15 brake (sun), 16 exposure (strong sunlight at dawn), 17 dew (the drug will be the day of the Sun, the sun's rays of sunlight, 17 Lu) ), 13 pounds (chipping, scraping, planing), 14 crushed, 15 brake (sun), 16 exposure (strong sunlight dawn sun), 17 dew (will be the drug day and night dew; or slipping water extraction) this seventeen methods for a long time, in the processing industry of traditional Chinese medicine has far-reaching impact, but due to historical changes, its actual meaning is still difficult to elucidate, for reference only.
Repairing
Repairing is the simplest method of concocting, can also be said to be a kind of drug for the preparation stage of concocting, mainly through the repair, in order to remove impurities, and will be a large piece of section into a small piece of a small section, to facilitate reprocessing. The preparation of the shells.
The methods of cultivation include picking, plucking, kneading, rubbing, grinding, brushing, scraping, pounding, planing, peeling, cutting, pounding, knocking, grinding, bumping, wading, sieving, splitting, sawing, tying, squeezing and other items.
1, picking: used to pick the part of the medicine and impurities, generally in addition to the net nucleus, fruit stalks, branches and stalks, shells, moths, mold particles, oil seed kernels (oil particles), mud, sand and gravel, etc., such as jujube kernel, cypress kernel picking net nucleus, forsythia picking the fruit stalks, almonds picking the net oil particles, Peizhu, Jingwu picking the roots and weeds, frankincense, myrrh picking the wood shavings, the five spirits picking the sand.
2, pick: the rhizome, flowers and leaves and other drugs of the residual stem, petiole removal, so that the drug is pure, Xia Gu Cao pick stalk, Chuan Lian removed velvet root and petiole in time.
3, kneading: some drugs must be kneaded, and then through the sieve, bumps to remove stem impurities, such as mulberry leaves, smelly sycamore leaves, etc.; some of the texture of the soft and soft and strip drugs, must be kneaded into a ball, easy to mix and decoction, such as bamboo mushrooms, cereal mushrooms, and so on.
4, rub: with two wooden boards, the drug will be placed in the middle of the back and forth Tang friction, to achieve the removal of the outer skin and rubbed, such as Lapis lazuli, flaxseed, burdock and so on.
5, grinding: with a stone mill cushion high grinding core, the drug grinding off the skin, shell, thorns, such as lentil clothes, Tribulus terrestris, Cang Er Zi.
6, brush: use a brush to brush off the dust or velvet on the surface of the drug, such as loquat leaves, stone reed must brush off the fluff on the back of the leaf; corrugated seeds, oysters brush off the sand.
7, scraping: with an iron knife, bamboo knife or ceramic blade to scrape off the coarse skin or moss on the outside of the herbs, such as eucommia, cinnamon, thick park, cypress, etc.; scrape off the velvet such as golden dog ridge, hairy Zhiping.
8, pounds, planes: with pounds of knife or wood planes, the drug pounds planes into thin slices, easy to enter the drug decoction, such as antler slices, antelope horn slices, sandalwood slices, hematite slices, and so on.
9, peeling: the drug knocked, take the shell to remove the seed kernel, or take the kernel to remove the shell, such as cardamom kernel, cardamom shell, grass kernel, sand kernel shell, make the gentleman's kernel, shilian meat, white fruits, peach kernel, almonds and so on.
10, cut: cut method is widely used in the root, vine, bark, leaf, grass herbs, the original drug or moistened and softened herbs, according to different drugs with a knife or slicer cut into slices or small pieces. Generally divided into cross-cutting garden, masticatory slices, diagonal slices, straight cut into smooth slices, horizontal or straight cut into silk, square, etc., the thickness and length of the slices, briefly as follows:
(1) the roots, rhizomes and vines: the texture of the harder cut thinner, about 1.5mm or so, such as sole living, chuanxiong rhizome, etc.; texture of the looser cut thicker, about 3mm, such as cistanchiakia, lock yang, etc., the shape of the long and slender can be cut into small segments The thin and long shape can be cut into small sections, about 1-1.5cm long, such as the root of the grass, reed root, nightshade, etc..
(2) skin: hard and thick texture can be cut into silk, about 6mm wide, such as thick Park, cypress; loose and thin texture can be cut into broad silk, about 1-1.5cm wide, such as Cortex Eucommiae; texture of loose and brittle can not be cut, such as the ground bone skin, far-fetched and so on.
(3) leaves: thick and tough texture, not fragile, cut into shredded about o.3-1.5cm wide, such as loquat leaves, stone reed, etc..
(4) the whole grass category: stems finer generally can be cut into long 1.5cm segments, such as ephedra, mint, etc., thicker generally can be cut into long O.6-lcm segments, such as patchouli, pelargonium, etc..
(5) flowers, fruits and seeds: larger or difficult to dry fruits can be cut into slices, about 3-4 slices, such as hawthorn, papaya, etc.; some rinds can be cut into julienne, about o.5-lcm wide, such as guayule; flowers and smaller fruits, seeds are not generally cut.
Because the drug is soft and hard, different sizes, in addition to a few herbs can be dried directly cut, generally have to be through varying degrees of water immersion, washing, spray drenching and other methods, so that it is moist and soften before you can cut, there is a need to be baked first simmering, steaming soft before cutting.
The methods of wetting medicine can be summarized as follows: water immersion, such as betel nut, etc.; water washing method, such as Wei Ling Xian, etc.; sinking method, such as Gui Zhi, etc.; spraying method, such as Citrus aurantium, mint, etc.; drenching method, such as Thornybush, patchouli, etc.. Run-cut method, such as Sanlang, Curcuma longa, etc.; steam-cut method, such as Chickweed, Cistanches, Scutellaria baicalensis, etc.; simmer-cut method, such as Mucuna pruriens, nutmeg, etc.; baked-cut method, such as Dugong, Angelica sinensis, etc..
In short, slicing facilitates both the drying of the herbs and the crushing of the preparations, as well as the weighing of the formulas and the decoction of the active ingredients in the decoctions.
11, pounding: is the drug broken or broken method. The amount of more put in the stone mortar pounding, the amount of less placed in the punch cylinder impact pounding, such as ginger pounding juice, fresh groundnut pounding juice, sand nuts pounding, and so on.
12, knock: hammer or wooden hammer will be hard drugs knocked into small pieces or crushed particles. Such as magnetite, oyster, stonecrop, sea clam shells and so on. Almonds, peach kernels, piper betel to hand or mechanical knocking compression flat, maitake can be knocked after removing the heart.
13, grinding: the herbs in the grinding trough (iron boat) crushed or powder.
14, bumps, wicker, sieve: are used to remove the non-medicinal part of the drug and impurities, remove the leaf debris available bumps method, remove the branches and stalks available sieve method, in addition to the ash available wicker method, are generally used at the same time the method of purification and impurity.
15, chopping, sawing: thick, large long branches, difficult to slice the drug, first split small or saw short, such as pine joints, Porcupine wood, chicken-blooded vine, antlers, cudgel and so on.
16, rolling, squeezing method: rolling method is now rolling the drug into two pieces, or rolling curved together, such as neem, hedge hedgehog, has been changed to mechanical slicing. Squeeze method, with the press bed to squeeze the oil in the drug to reduce toxicity and irritation, such as Croton Cream, Chijinzi Cream, Piper Nut Cream; ginger mashed and squeezed ginger juice, decoction of ointment medicine squeezed juice.
Water system
The herbs will be washed with water, immersion and other methods to be processed, known as the water system method, the purpose of which is to make the drug to achieve clean (remove impurities, foreign matter, non-medicinal salts, sediment, foul odor, etc.), so that the plant drugs soften, easy to slice; so that the mineral drug texture is pure, delicate, and at the same time can reduce toxicity, reduce side effects. Water system method includes washing, panning, dipping, moistening, staining, pickling, lifting, water flying and other items.
1, panning: washing and rinsing of the drug surface soil, impurities. Amoy method applies to seeds, fruits, relatively small tuberous roots, rhizome herbs, the operation of the drug in the water stirring, to remove floating impurities, repeated amoy until the water is clear and clean to the degree of the drug, such as Cuscuta, Wang Buliuxing and so on. This method applies to larger roots and rhizomes, wash away sediment-based, wash time should not be too long, so as not to lose the efficacy of the medicine, such as qiangwu, windbreaks to move fast, short washing time in the water, also known as "grabbing the water wash"; some of the seeds containing a lot of mucus components, water washing adhesion into a ball, should not be washed, such as plantain seeds, Drabanemerosa hebecarpa in; on the shells and some animal Medicinal herbs, such as oysters, stone vitex, hedgehog skin and other dirty dirt more, wash the time to be longer.
2, wetting: herbs are not directly into the water, but water or other solutions (wine, vinegar) repeatedly sprinkled, and multiplied by the wet with a straw bag or a bag wrapped, so that the herbs are softened, easy to process and cut, such as peppermint, pellitory and so on.
3, soaking: dip is used for herbs or wine, vinegar for a short period of time impregnation, to the extent that the solution for the herbs absorbed, can make the herbs soften, easy to cut, such as Wei Ling Xian, Changshan.
Bubble is the drug longer wait immersed in water, it can reduce the toxic substances of herbs, such as half-summer, southern star, can remove the animal herbs attached to the unclean material, such as turtle plate, turtle shell, donkey skin, tiger bone. Soak the length of time, should be with the region, climate, seasonal differences, the school situation must be regularly changed and constantly stirring, to prevent mold, rot, deterioration of herbs; higher temperatures in the season soak time should be shorter, lower temperatures in the season soak time can be a little longer, generally soak to seven or eight into the through the salvage, smothered to all soft, the animal's bones need to soak its attachment to the corruption, and can be separated from the bone and nail to the degree.
4, water bleaching: the drug immersed in water, repeated cleaning, the use of water to dissolve, remove the toxicity of certain herbs, salts and fishy smell, etc., to facilitate the taking and enhance the therapeutic more.
Water bleaching must pay attention to the season, time and the amount of water and the number of water changes, etc., the best season is spring and fall, when the temperature is suitable for the high summer temperatures, easy to rot, low winter temperatures, easy to freeze, which may result in the deterioration of herbs and affect the efficacy of the drug. Bleaching time, cooler days a little longer, shorter days warmer, and appropriate according to different drugs and medicinal parts, preferably in running water rinsing, half-summers, southern stars and other toxic rhizomes, rinsing time can be longer, seaweed, kombucha and other non-toxic, rinsing time can be shorter.
5, stains: its purpose and method and dip, wet similar, applicable to root herbs, dip generally with water, routing method can be used with water, but also available wine, vinegar, such as rhubarb, Huanglian with wine stains.
6, pickling: pickling method is to use salt or ginger, alum and other impregnated herbs, can achieve the purpose of detoxification, antiseptic, such as fresh epiphyllum to salt brine pickling, fresh half-summer to fresh ginger, alum pickling.
7, mention: refining, mainly crystalline salts of drugs through water soluble, precipitation, filtered impurities, recrystallization to make the drug pure, such as Park Nitrate refining into manganese nitrate.
8, water fly: the system borrows the different sizes of particles of drugs, in the water has a different settling speed, in order to produce a fine powder method. Generally used in mineral herbs, the operation of the crushed drugs have been added to the water *** research, research to the bottom of the mantle without ringing, and then add more water stirring, so that the natural natural fine floating coarse sinking herbs, pouring out the upper part of the suspension, and then the rest of the coarse end of the mill to continue to add water, and so on repeatedly, to all the herbs have become a mixture of liquid so far. The suspension will be combined with the static precipitation, pouring out the water, the precipitate will be dried and finely ground for spare.
Water can prevent the loss of herbs grinding powder flying, can be soluble in water in the separation of salts in the original drug, can make the drug particularly delicate, easy to absorb when taken internally, without damage to the stomach and intestines, can reduce the stimulation of external use, can improve the efficacy of the insoluble minerals, shellfish herbs, such as cinnabar, rhubarb, glycyrrhiza glabra, pearl layer powder, pearls, etc., used as a soft laryngeal, eye pointing, the coating of pills can be used. Prepared by water flying method.
Fire
Where the herbs directly or indirectly (or add other accessories) placed on the fire heating method, collectively referred to as the fire method, the method is widely used, the purpose of its hard texture in addition to the drugs, so that the brittle, crispy for the preparation of drugs that are not easy to decoct the active ingredient of the drug is easy to play the efficacy of the drug to prevent the drug's mold and mildew. In addition, there are still a few drugs toxic or potent, fire system can reduce or eliminate toxicity and side effects.
While the fire system method has a wide range of applications, but some aromatic drugs such as mint, Elsholtzia, cardamom kernel, kernel, etc. can not be applied, the fire system will make the aroma of the active ingredients volatilization, the loss of efficacy, the minerals in the andrographis, cinnabar can not be fire system, fire will be the toxic components of arsenic, mercury decomposition, aggravate the toxicity.
According to the nature of the drug, as well as the clinical needs of the drug dry, fluffy, charred or charred, the main use of fried (hot) simmering, cannon, calcined, refined, baked, roasted, roasted, prairie and other fire system methods.
1, fried: after repairing or processing cut dry herbs, placed in the pot with fire heating, constantly turning to a certain extent called fried, is a commonly used fire system, and is divided into two types of fried and add accessories fried:
1 clear fried: according to the degree of frying is different, divided into frying yellow, frying burnt, frying charcoal.
① fried yellow will be placed in the pot, with a slight fire for a short period of time to heat and turn, fried until the surface is yellow, the internal basically unchanged, and can smell the inherent odor emitted by the herbs, the external bulging burst. Fried yellow is to make the herbs expansion, easy to decoct the active ingredients, can correct the odor, can make the enzyme containing glycosides in the herbs is destroyed, is conducive to the preservation of herbs. Such as fried white peony, fried ginseng, fried almonds, fried jujube nut, fried Wang Buliuxing.
② fried coke: the herbs placed in the pot with a strong fire heating, fried to the outside of the burnt or burnt brown, internal yellowish and burnt odor to the degree. Such as burnt six oil, burnt hawthorn, such drugs fried, can enhance the spleen and digestion.
3 fried charcoal: the herbs will be placed in the pot with the fire heating, fried until the surface withered black, internal charcoal or brown to the degree that this is called fried charcoal storage. In order to prevent all the charring and loss of medicinal properties after frying, out of the pot turned in a timely manner to promote the dissemination of heat, such as the ground elm charcoal, acacia charcoal, charcoal frying can enhance the hemostatic, astringent effect.
(2) auxiliaries fried: according to the different auxiliaries added, divided into bran fried, soil fried, rice fried, etc., plus liquid auxiliaries (honey, wine, cool, etc.) fried called baking.
①Bran fried: the use of wheat bran heating smoke to lavender yellow herbs is known as the method of bran fried. Bran fried drugs can enhance the spleen and stomach, and can reduce the adverse stimulation of the drug, or to play the role of flavor, odor.
Operating method: the first pan heated, the dry bran appropriate amount of bran scattered in the pan, bran heat that is smoke, to be up when the smoke, into the herbs, stir frying constantly, in order to lavender herbs yellow to the degree that the fried immediately out of the pot, dumped into the iron sieve, sieve fried charred bran and ash, cool can be, such as the pot of color and lustre of the shallow ones, you can be out of the pot of herbs and bran with the simmering for some time, such as the requirements of the color lighter, sieve remove the bran. The color is lighter, and the bran can be removed through a sieve.
The amount of bran used, generally ten kilograms of herbs with a kilogram of bran, in order to lavender herbs to the degree of yellow, such as fried atractylodes macrocephala, Citrus aurantium, silkworms, Tsubaki white skin.
② earth fried: with the stove heart soil and herbs with fried, so that the herbs into a charred yellow or yellow method. Because of the pungent and warm nature of Zaoxin soil, there is a warm, stop bleeding, stop vomiting effect, well can neutralize the stomach acid, and herbs with fried can enhance the spleen and stomach, stop vomiting and diarrhea function.
Methods of operation: first of all, the heart of the soil research into a fine Lou, placed in the pot mixing and frying, such as soil heat and drive out some volatiles, and then to fry the herbs poured into the frying and mixing to burnt yellow, and can smell the smell of burning herbs, out of the pot, sieve out of the heart of the soil can be.
The amount of soil used in the earth fried stove soil, no strict regulations, and the herbs after frying, so that you can evenly hang a layer can be. Such as soil fried atractylodes, yam, white peony, and so on.
3 rice fried: the herbs and rice with fried, with the help of heat and rice smoke will be yellow herbs, so that the herbs to enhance the role of tonic and beneficial effects, and can reduce the dryness of herbs, toxicity.
Operation: rice and herbs in the same pot, the fire fried until the rice was dark yellow, the drug is also fumigated to yellow, out of the pot, sieve the rice, cooled that is, such as rice fried ginseng, Chinese yam, spotted fibula rice fried to remove the toxicity (its rice toxicity should be discarded, and buried deep, so as to avoid poisoning of chickens and ducks and so on the food.)
4 honey-roasted (fried): the method of frying herbs with honey. Honey is sweet and flat, has a tonic lungs, slowing down the coughing, detoxification of the role of taste, so the honey-roasted drugs, can enhance the role of tonic lungs. The method of operation will first be placed in a pot of honey with a gentle fire simmering to boiling, remove impurities, that is, to get the refined honey. Honey roast method of honey mixing after frying, frying after adding official honey, first under the honey under the drug, commonly used for the refining of honey slightly add the right amount of boiling water and even in the pot, and then poured into the drug, and constantly stirring, so that the honey and the drug stirring, honey inhalation of the drug, fried to the extent that the color of the yellow does not stick to the hand, and then out of the pot to dry. Refining honey to pay attention to the right degree, too old quality thick not easy to stir fry, color and lustre is not colorful; too tender moisture is not easy to dry, the drug is easy to stick hands.
After the honey-roasted increase in nourishing, moisturizing effect of the drugs are roasted Huang's, roasted licorice, roasted ephedra, roasted aster, roasted mulberry skin, and so on.
General amount of honey, more than 400 grams per kilogram of drugs, lightweight loose flowers, grasses with honey more, the body of the very hard stems and seeds of the class of herbs, the amount of honey can be less.
5 wine hot (fried): drugs with wine hot fried a method. Wine is sweet, pungent and hot, and it can lead the medicine upward, activate blood circulation. After the wine roasted herbs can ease the cold, enhance the role of blood circulation, help alkaloids, volatile oil dissolution decoction in order to improve the efficacy, but also have the role of corrective odor and taste, such as wine fried scutellaria, Sichuan Lian, angelica, Sang Mang Sheng, hyssop and so on.
Methods of operation: the herbs will be sprayed with an appropriate amount of yellow or white wine and mixing a little stewed, placed in a hot pan fried to yellow or dark yellow when removed. Can also be the first in the pot frying hot, and then sprayed on the medicine on the amount of wine, so that the inhalation of herbs, fried to the aroma of herbs, the color of the medicine is slightly yellow, and immediately out of the pot, cooled and ready to use.
The amount of wine used varies with each drug, generally 200 to 300 milliliters of wine per kilogram of herbs. Stir frying to master the fire, to the herbs can not smell the burnt flavor, the herbs do not change color inside as appropriate.
6 vinegar fried: herbs and rice vinegar with a method of frying. Acetic acid is bitter and slightly warm, can lead the medicine into the liver, enhance the effect of qi and pain, can be combined with free alkaloids in the drug into a soluble salt, so that the active ingredients are easy to decoction, and have the role of correcting the taste and deodorization.
Methods of operation: mix the drug with a certain amount of rice vinegar, such as vinegar is absorbed, placed in a hot pan, stir-fried to the drug yellowish, medicinal aroma escaped (you can also fry the hot herbs, and then sprayed with a certain amount of vinegar, stir-fried while spraying so that it is uniformly absorbed) taken out of the spreading dry. About 200 ml of vinegar per kilogram of herbs. Such as yanhousuo, incense, green skin, three prongs, curcuma are fried with vinegar hot.
7 salt fry: salt or brine and herbs mixed with a method of frying. Salt is salty and cold, can clear heat and cool the blood, into the kidney, soft, antiseptic, correct odor and taste.
Methods of operation: the salt in the pot of fire frying hot, will be poured into the drug mixing and frying, frying to the extent that the drug is fat yellow, such as frying hyssop, zaoduzhong, and so on. Salt can also be water, first of all, the herbs in the pan frying hot, spraying salt water, fried until dry, take out to dry, such as salt water fried bones, cypress, Chuanjian and so on. 50 grams of salt per kilogram of herbs.
8 ginger fried: the drug plus ginger mixed fried method, ginger pungent temperature, have to drive cold, stomach and vomiting, detoxification effect.
Methods of operation: ginger pounded, squeezed its juice, and herbs mixed with stewing wet so that the ginger juice absorbed, placed in the pot of fire frying to yellow or yellow, slightly scorched when removed, such as ginger fried Huanglian, thick Park, bamboo, half-summers, and so on, to enhance the warm dispersal of drugs, vomiting effect.
Ginger dosage, slightly different places, generally 100-250 ml of ginger per kilogram of herbs.
9 oil sizzling: frying or oil frying herbs, commonly used sesame oil, sheep fat oil, so that the herbs sizzling crisp, easy to crush, the active ingredient is easy to decoct, and can be expelled.
Methods of operation: the oil will be placed in the pot to simmer to a slight boil, put into the herbs, turn at any time, sizzling and frying until crispy yellow, remove and cool. Such as sizzling tiger bone (make crispy), sheep fat oil sizzling horny goat weed (fried, can enhance the effect of tonifying the kidney and aphrodisiac), deep-fried strychnine (de-toxicized, the oil containing poison should be discarded, not for consumption).
The amount of oil used depends on the number of fried roasted herbs.
⑩Turtle Blood Mixing and Frying: Fresh turtle fish mixed with fried herbs, can enhance the effect of fever, stopping malaria. The method of operation: the live turtle cut off the head of the blood, diluted with water, yellow wine, mixed into the drug, slightly moist, placed in the fire fried to slightly scorched spots, removed to dry. Such as turtle blood mixed with fried Chaihu, Artemisia annua.
2, simmering: the herbs with wet paper, dough wrapped in charcoal, baking room baking, or put in the pot hot frying method, in order to remove unfavorable therapeutic grease, volatile substances, to achieve the purpose of moderating the medicinal properties. Simmering method can be divided into the following types:
①Face wrapped simmering: flour and water into a lump, wrapped in herbs, put the pot to hot sand hot simmering, or directly into the charcoal fire, simmering to the face of the degree of yellow and black, in addition to the skin spare. Such as simmering chebula, nutmeg and so on.
② pulp simmering: the use of coarse straw paper will be wrapped in more than three layers of drugs, put into the water soaking wet, placed in a pot of hot sand or charcoal fire simmering to the degree of charred, such as simmering Gan Sui, simmering ginger.
③ simmering paper: the herbs cut into slices, flat on the straw paper, tablets and paper, paper and medicine, so layers stacked up, baked next to the fire, so that part of the volatile components and oil, heat seepage into the paper to reduce the potency and side effects, such as simmering nutmeg, simmering wooden incense.
5 direct simmering: the drug will be buried directly in the flameless ash fire, so that the drug is heated and foaming or nearly cracked, brittle texture, such as simmering tooth soap.
The above simmering method, often lead to drug caramelization or simmering is not uniform, and is not suitable for the needs of the current formula, the current change to the drug in the pot of stir-frying or stir-frying, the same can be achieved by absorbing grease and volatile substances, the purpose of fewer side effects, such as simmering wood, simmering Pueraria Mirifica, simmering nutmeg, and so on.
3, cannon (hot): the drug with the fire frying, or with sand, clam powder, talcum powder, powdered bushels together with the method of frying, cannon and frying is only the difference between the fire, the same substance, cannon hot with the fire, frying with the fire, cannon hot so that the herbs crisp and easy to crush, easy to decoct the active ingredients to improve the efficacy of the drug.
(1) cannon: the herbs with the fire frying, quickly removed, so that the surface of the scorched black explosion, the internal components have not been lost, such as ginger, with dry ginger after the shelling to play the role of warming the cold, stopping bleeding and stopping diarrhea, guarding the role of not going.
(2) sand hot: selected particles of uniform clean sand, placed in the pot heated to more than 100 ℃, into the herbs stir-fry, so that the herbs evenly heated, the surface gradually bulging, the internal organization of the hard to become brittle until the surface of the charred yellow, poured into the iron sieve sieve to remove the sand particles. Those who need to be quenched in vinegar can be poured into the vinegar with heat, and then taken out to dry for use, such as gun andrographis paniculata tablets, prickly obscene skin, strychnine, chicken gold and so on.
(3) clam powder hot: clam powder heat transfer slower than sand, hot medicine is not easy to burn. Animal gums commonly used clam powder hot, so that the internal and external heat uniformity, tough quality to crisp. Operation method with sand hot, such as gum beads (clam powder fried gum beads), deer glue. In addition, there is a talcum powder fried hot, hot fried people, the hot method is the same as above.
4, calcination: the method of burning drugs with a strong fire, so that the herbs are brittle, properties change, the active ingredients are easy to decoct, herbs are easy to process crushed. Calcination can be divided into two types of calcination, dark calcination:
(1) bright calcination: the herbs directly on the fire or pot calcination. Straight fire calcination to the herbs red until, such as magnetite, natural copper, pores, oysters, stone vitex, etc.; or drugs in the crucible calcination, so that the melting, bubbles, to be completely cooled and then removed, such as alum calcined for alum, borax (moonstone) calcined calcined for the calcination of the moonstone, etc.; there is a straight fire calcined red herbs, quickly into the basin of vinegar or medicinal juices, so that it is crispy and easy to crumble, and can be repeatedly calcined quenching, such as calcined magnetite, calcined natural copper. Simmering glycerite, etc.
(2) dark calcination: (simmering calcination or dry distillation): the herbs will be placed in a pot, covered with a small pot, the joints sealed with yellow mud, on the pressure of a heavy object, a small pot on a number of grains of rice, roasted and burned on the fire, such as the rice to become charred, cease fire and take out the herbs, the method is suitable for calcination of charcoal, such as the blood of charcoal, charcoal, brown charcoal, lotus charcoal, and so on.
A variety of calcination method according to the specific species to master the operation process and time of calcination, such as ores to calcined to the degree of redness, time should be long; shellfish as long as calcined to the degree of redness, time should be short, calcined impermeable, can not make the drug loose, calcined too much, so that the ashing, the loss of efficacy.
5, refining: herbs into the crucible, the heating and refining, so that the drug pure or change called refining, the main content of a chemical method of refining, so that several kinds of drugs are mixed together with the heating and refining, so that the sublimation or synthesis of another substance, such as refining the ascending Dan; a purification of the drug, so that it can be a long time to hide, such as manganese nitrate refining, the loss of water and impurities into the pure Xuanming powder.
6, baking, roasting, baking: these three methods are the original medicine or semi-finished products, by heating, so that the drug is dry, easy to store, crushed preparations. Baking baked generally in the drying room or with the residual heat of the stove to dry the herbs, in order not to affect the quality of the herbs, must master the temperature, general drying, the temperature does not exceed 80 ° C, baking time in half an hour, with the play of oils and aromatic herbs, the temperature should be controlled at 50 ° C or less.
7, prairie: is the use of charcoal fire will be the drug's external thorns, hair, whiskers and roots burned off the method, such as the Golden Hair dog spine, ascending hemp, prickly obscene skin and so on. Deer antler velvet hair, generally use the prairie method to burn the hair, and then scrape with a sharp knife.
Water and fire **** system
Where the drug through the water, fire **** with heating, from raw to hot, from hard to soft, from hard to crispy, in order to change the properties, reduce toxicity and virulence, enhance the efficacy of treatment, but also play the role of the system of flavors, collectively referred to as the water and fire **** system. This method includes steaming, boiling and cicadas.
1, steam: the herbs in the steamer or cage in the water heating method, can change the nature of the medicine, enhance the efficacy, easy to process the slicing, conducive to preservation. Such as wine steamed cooked ground, wine steamed rhubarb.
2, cooking: the herbs in the water or liquid heating cooking method, in order to eliminate the toxicity of drugs, irritation or side effects, such as vinegar cooking coriander.
3, cicadas: drugs in boiling water for a short period of time in the treatment method, help to remove non-medicinal parts, and destruction of enzyme activity, so that the active ingredients can be preserved, such as almonds, peach kernels cicadas after the rubbing of the tip of the skin, and the destruction of the enzyme of its bitter amygdalin, to preserve the active ingredients glycosides.
Some drugs concocted, and not simply use the above methods, there are some special varieties, need to use the following methods:
1, fermentation: the drug will be warmed with water, under certain temperature and humidity conditions, so that the fermentation of mycelium. Such as six Shenqu, half of the summer qu made into small pieces, with grass or sacks covered tightly, to be fermented on the mycelium taken out of the sun dry. This method in the fermentation, can enhance the role of drugs to strengthen the spleen and stomach, digestion, wind and cold. Other edamame is also manufactured through fermentation.
2, germination: Can rice, Daxia, black soybeans, etc. with water soaked wet, at a certain temperature to make it germinate. The purpose of germination is mainly to increase the role of drugs to strengthen the spleen and stomach, digestive, and relief of surface evil. Such as grain buds, malt, soybean rolls and so on.
3, cream: the oil-containing drugs shelled and crushed. With several layers of straw gauze wrapped, pressed to its oil, repeated several times to the degree of no oil, the resulting powder called "frost". The purpose of the cream can reduce the toxicity and moderate the medicinal properties, such as croton cream, Chijinzi cream, Piper betel cream, Suzi cream and so on. In addition, the antler after boiling glue residual horn is also known as antler cream; watermelon to the flesh, the middle of the manzanite, which will be sealed in the yellow sand canisters, placed in a cool ventilated place, a few days after the cans outside the white as frost crystals precipitation, swept down to the watermelon cream, that is, said.
4, dyeing: the appearance of the drug, mixed with another kind of powder to strengthen the role of the main drug. For example, Cinnabar mixed with Poria, Poria, Cinnabar mixed with wick, green dai mixed with wick, said Cinnabar, Cinnabar, Poria, Cinnabar, dai wick.
5, the song: according to the song with all the medicinal herbs, respectively, or a mixture of processing and research into powder, with flour paste as a binder, made into a square block, and then through the fermentation method, in order to make the song, such as the six Shenqu, CaiYunQiu, FanZhiQiu, half of the summer song, and so on.
From the above various concoctions, the efficacy of drugs, not only depends on the drug itself, but also with the concoction of good and bad have a lot to do, as the Ming Dynasty Chen Jiamu said: "Pharmaceuticals in the right place, less than the efficacy of the difficult to find, too much is the smell of the reverse loss". That is to say, the concoction must be moderate.