There are many kinds of wild mushrooms, and the popular methods of distinguishing poisonous mushrooms, such as looking at color and shape, looking at growth environment, using silverware to distinguish poison, looking at secretions, are not very reliable. Poisoning symptoms are complicated after eating poisonous wild mushrooms by mistake, and there is no specific antidote for treatment. The fundamental way to prevent poisonous mushroom poisoning is to avoid picking, purchasing and eating wild mushrooms that have never been eaten or are unknown.
Amanita is one of the main species causing death by eating wild mushrooms by mistake in China. Peptide toxins contained in highly toxic amanita are cyclic peptide compounds, which can kill people by eating 50 grams of fruiting bodies by mistake. The poisonous mushrooms in this genus mainly include Amanita cinerea, Amanita spallation, Amanita eucalypti, Amanita flavipectus, Amanita pseudoovalis and so on.
Morphological characteristics of Amanita
The fruiting body is umbrella-shaped, fleshy, with a middle stalk, small to large. The cap is oblate and hemispherical, extending to reverse roll, and sometimes there is a bulge or depression in the middle, which is often covered by various scales. The epidermis of the cap is dry to a little sheath, and the edge of the cap is smooth or has radial ribs. Bacterial folds are free to nearly free, white to beige, and occasionally light yellow, pink, light gray, gray, purple brown or light grass green.
The pith is bilateral, with or without enlarged apical cells in the central pith, and there are often enlarged apical cells in the lateral pith. The solid layer of the daughter is developed and consists of more or less expanded cells. The basidium is rod-shaped, generally more than 30μm in length, with 4 petioles, sometimes 1, 2 or 3 petioles, and only 2 petioles in sparse parts.