Kaifeng, customarily called the "ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties", is generally believed to be the first national-level historical and cultural city announced by the State Council during the Wei Dynasty during the Warring States Period, the Later Liang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties Period, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty, and the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasties. Famous city. Kaifeng has a long history. According to archaeological excavations, there were ancestor activities here as early as the Neolithic Age. The construction of the city can be traced back to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, more than 2,700 years ago.

But in fact Kaifeng is: Xia, Wei, Houliang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, Liao, Northern Song, Qi, Jin, Han Song (1357 Han Shantong, Liu Futong "Baidu Library" /view/ ed6991bff121dd36a32d8248.html search for "Han and Song") the ancient capital of the eleven dynasties.

Kaifeng: The ancient capital of the Eleventh Dynasty

Kaifeng, referred to as Bian, was known as "Laoqiu", "Tokyo", "Liangjing", "Liangyuan", etc. in ancient times. It was the capital of many important dynasties in China.

The Xia Dynasty moved its capital here since Emperor Shu and the Yuan Dynasty, and it was called "Laoqiu". It is now north of Chenliu Town, Kaifeng. It was the longest-lasting capital of the Xia Dynasty. During the years of Emperor Zhu, Emperor Fen, and Emperor Mang, the Xia Dynasty's national power reached its peak. During the reign of Emperor Yinjia, the capital was moved to Xihe (Anyang) due to river problems.

During the Warring States Period, the State of Wei established its capital here, known as "Daliang", which is now Kaifeng. The iron smelting industry is developed and prosperous. After experiencing floods and wars in the Yellow River, it was almost reduced to ruins and in extreme decline.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Kaifeng was once the capital of the feudal Liang Kingdom, also known as Liangyuan.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the country was torn apart. The geographical conditions of Kaifeng were very suitable for the development of agricultural economy. As the basis for unifying the world, Kaifeng became the capital of the Later Liang, the Later Jin, the Later Han and the Later Zhou.

In 947, after the Khitan destroyed the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Liao Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor in Kaifeng and changed the name of the Khitan to the Liao Dynasty. He wanted to make the capital of Bian long-term. However, due to the fierce resistance of the Han people in Hebei, the capital of Bian had to abandon Kaifeng after a few months. Return to the old capital.

Northern Zhou general Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chenqiao Rebellion and proclaimed himself emperor of the Later Zhou Dynasty, establishing the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty), still with Kaifeng as the capital, called "Tokyo", and finally completed the unification of the Chinese Han nationality. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng's urban structure broke through the constraints of the "square city" urban pattern of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty, prospered again, and developed into one of the most populous and prosperous cities in the world at that time. The poem goes: "Except Liang Yuanzong as a village": This means that except for Kaifeng, all other places are villages.

After the Jingkang Incident, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. Kaifeng was first designated as the capital by Da Qi, and then was The Jin Dynasty was designated as the capital. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Xiaoming King Longfeng's regime once made this its capital.

In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Beijing was designated as one of the two capitals by Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. Due to the poor livelihood of the people in Kaifeng area, Hongwu dismissed Beijing in the tenth year of the Ming Dynasty.

Kaifeng was the ancient capital of eleven dynasties: Xia, Wei, Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, Liao, Northern Song, Qi, Jin, Han and Song Dynasties.