Violets are native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean coast, preferring cooler climates, avoiding dry heat. Like a well-ventilated environment, preferring a mild climate in winter, but can also tolerate a short period of -5 ℃ low temperature. Growing temperature during the day 15-18 ℃, night 10 ℃ or so, the soil requirements are not strict, but in the well-drained, neutral alkaline soil growth is better, avoid acidic soil. Violet cold intolerant of shade, afraid of waterlogging, it is suitable for the location of the higher, in the moldy rainy weather heat and poor ventilation is vulnerable to pests and diseases, fertilizer should not be too much, otherwise unfavorable to the flowering; light and ventilation if not sufficient, prone to pests and diseases.
A, violet reproduction methods: violet reproduction methods have seed propagation, cuttings propagation and tissue cultivation and other methods.
1, cuttings reproduction: violets commonly used cuttings propagation method, mainly for leaf insertion, leaf insertion propagation in summer and fall season with the best results. After flowering from the plant to select a robust full leaf color green leaves, with a relatively sharp knife to cut the middle of the thick and with 2-3 cm petiole leaves, slightly dry and inserted into the sand bed, watering, maintain high air humidity, room temperature of 18 ~ 24 ℃, inserted after 3 weeks of rooting, 2 ~ 3 months will produce seedlings, can be transplanted to the pot. Cuttings in the process, in order to accelerate the violet rooting and increase the number of roots, in the cuttings can be used plant growth hormones to deal with violet spikes, to promote rooting has obvious work. Commonly used growth hormones are indole butyric acid, indole acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4-D, rooting powder and other treatments, all have a good role in promoting rooting.
Violets can also be rooted in water, the operation of the water insertion is to choose mature and robust, no pests and diseases, the current year born of strong and sturdy branches or leaves, cut about 8-12 cm long branches, retain the upper 3-4 leaves, cut the cut flat, the cut is best in the spike under the bottom section of the most, cuttings before the cuttings with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 minutes. Fill a glass jar with water and insert the violet cuttings. Change the water every 1-2 days and keep the water temperature at 20-30°C. Rooting will take place after about 30 days, and the cuttings can be potted up when the root system is well developed. It takes 4-6 months from cutting to flowering.
2, seed propagation: fruit ripe cut from the base of flowering branches, dried and threshed storage, sowing time is generally in mid-August to early October, can also be adjusted according to the time of use of flowers, in the greenhouse in February sowing, May can be bloomed. sowing in March, June bloom, but if it is sown in July, we have to wait until the next year in February to March to bloom in the greenhouse. The seeds should not be too dense, otherwise the seedlings are susceptible to sudden collapse disease. If cultivated as a biennial, it can be sown in pots in September. Sowing temperature of 16-18 ℃, sowing the potting soil should be watered, sowing should not be watered directly, if the soil becomes dry and white, can be sprayed with a spray bottle or "pot dip method" to keep the soil moist. Generally about 2 weeks after sowing can germinate.
Two, the preparation of culture soil, home planting violets are usually potted, potted plants should first be prepared to cultivate soil, the preparation of cultivation soil is more important, pots are a special environment, no matter what kind of soil alone, can not satisfy the violets on the soil in all aspects of the needs of the violets, so the potted violets must be prepared to cultivate the soil, used in place of the soil will be fixed in the flowers. So, potted violets must be artificially formulated culture soil, used instead of soil to fix the flowers in the pot, and to have a certain degree of water retention, drainage, loose, fertile, good permeability of the sandy loam, violets like fertile, deep, well-drained sandy soil, generally potted violets can be used in 30% of humus, 50% of the garden soil and 20% of the sand formulated. Preparation of good culture soil before use, it is best to use high temperature (with an iron pan fried or steamed) after sterilization, you can also be exposed to the sun sterilization.
Three, on the pot, cultivation of violets pots generally choose the drainage and permeability to be good pot. First of all, the new pot in the water soaked for a day, and then put some broken tiles in the bottom of the pot, and then put some rotted cake fertilizer, crushed bones, fish spines, chicken feathers and other fertilizers, and then fill in the culture of the soil, planted to cut off the wounded roots of violets and excess fibrous roots slightly pruned, pay attention to cultivation of the root system to be stretched out, fill the soil to the pot at the halfway point of the violets will be lifted and shaken gently, compacted culture of the soil, planting should not be too deep, keep the root and the mouth flat on the pot, and the roots should not be too deep. Keep the rhizome and the mouth of the pot flat on it. Shallow will affect the survival, deep will affect the growth of violets after transplantation, after planting, water thoroughly once. The first planting of the plant, because the root system is not yet well developed, to avoid exposure to strong light for a long time. After potting in the shade environment for a week or so, when the root system to recover and then moved to a sunny place to maintain.
Four, daily management
1, light: violet growth and development is the need for some light, but do not need to be too strong, too strong direct sunlight in the summer will affect the growth of light must be moderate, in the summer sunshine time to appropriate shade.
2, watering management: violets like moist soil, but afraid of waterlogging, so pay attention to grasp the appropriate watering, watering too much often cause rotting roots, violets like fertilizer, like water, like sunny, in the growing season potting soil see dry, watering. In the high temperature of spring and summer can be appropriate more watering, and fall and winter when the temperature is low, watering should be reduced moderately, the amount of watering should not be too much or too little.
3, fertilization management: in the growth period with light fertilizer 2-3 times, an interval of about 10 days to apply a compound fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer should not be too much or too little, if the fertilizer is not reasonable will be very much affected by its normal growth. Winter temperatures are low, generally do not fertilize. Violet flowers withered after pruning to appropriate fertilization
4, pruning: violet flowers withered after pruning in a timely manner,