The US Food and Drug Administration stipulates that titanium dioxide can be used as all food white pigments, and the maximum dosage is 1g/kg Sec. 73.575 titanium dioxide. The pigment additive titanium dioxide can be safely used in general colored foods, subject to the following provisions:
(1) The amount of titanium dioxide shall not exceed 1% of the food weight.
(2) According to the special standards published in Article 40 1 of the Law, colored foods shall not be used unless there are similar standards that allow the addition of pigments.
(3) For colored food, the edible pigment additive titanium dioxide can contain a proper diluent as a safe pigment additive, as follows: silicon dioxide, as a dispersion assistant, with the content not exceeding 2%.
Product adaptation: preserved fruit, jelly, fried food, cocoa products, chocolate, chocolate products, hard candy, polished candy, gum-based candy, puffed food, candy chocolate product coating, mayonnaise, salad dressing, jam, solid beverage, konjac gel food, etc.
Many foods can be added with a large amount of titanium dioxide, and there is no problem in cosmetics.
Question 2: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is chemically stable and does not react with most substances in general. There are three kinds of crystals of titanium dioxide in nature: plate titanium type, anatase type and rutile type. Plate titanium is an unstable crystal form and has no industrial use value. Anatase and Rutile are both stable crystal lattices, which are important white pigments and porcelain glazes. Compared with other white pigments, they have superior whiteness, coloring power, hiding power, weather resistance, heat resistance and chemical stability, especially no toxicity. Titanium dioxide is widely used in coatings, plastics, rubber, ink, paper, chemical fiber, ceramics, daily chemicals, medicine, food and other industries. The coating industry is the biggest user of titanium dioxide, especially rutile titanium dioxide, which is mostly consumed by the coating industry. The paint made of titanium dioxide has bright colors, high hiding power, strong coloring power, low consumption and many varieties, which can protect the stability of the medium, enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the paint film, prevent cracks, prevent ultraviolet rays and moisture from penetrating and prolong the life of the paint film.
Titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) does not react with most substances in general. However, the contact parts of human body and the outside world have corresponding defense mechanisms to prevent harmful substances from entering. However, these defense mechanisms have limited effect on nano-titanium dioxide particles. Respiratory tract, epidermis and digestive tract are the three main parts where nano-particles invade the body. In general, respiratory tract contact with nanoparticles is the most common way, so the most research on the biological toxicity of nano-titanium dioxide is lung toxicity. 2. Toxic effect of1on lung After the lung is exposed to insoluble particles, inflammatory symptoms such as proliferation of inflammatory cells, damage of alveolar epithelial cells, and increase of lung weight appear one after another with the extension of exposure time. Zhang et al. [] used nano-TiO _ 2 of about 30nm in a ratio of 1mg? L- 1 was injected into mice. After 30 days, it was found that the lung weight of mice increased obviously, while the total lung cells decreased by 50%. Afaq et al. [] also confirmed that ultrafine titanium dioxide (20nm) particles can cause interstitial lung tissue, induce inflammatory reaction and increase epithelial tissue permeability. Warheit et al. [] research shows that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause instantaneous inflammation and cell damage within 24 hours. 2.2 Toxic effects on heart, liver, kidney, brain and other tissues. Due to its small particle size, nano-titanium dioxide can be transported to various organs, including brain and heart, which can cause toxic effects on other organs. Studies have confirmed that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause pathological changes in circulatory system. Nurkiewicz et al. [] found that 0. 1 or 0.25mg of titanium dioxide with a particle size of 1μm was dripped into rat trachea for 24h, which caused a dose-dependent injury to vascular endothelial cells. When Wang et al. [] studied the acute toxicity of titanium dioxide with 25 nm, 80 nm and 155nm, it was found that titanium dioxide with 5g? After oral administration of kg- 1 body weight, two weeks later, it was found that the heart damage caused by 25 and 80nm groups was more serious than that caused by 155nm group. Titanium dioxide at 80 nm and 155nm also caused vacuoles in hippocampal neurons, indicating that there was fatty degeneration in the brain, indicating that nano-titanium dioxide was neurotoxic. At the same time, the liver coefficient of mice in 25 nm and 80nm groups increased obviously, which indicated that nano-TiO _ 2 could trigger the inflammatory reaction of mice's liver. Pathological examination also found edema and necrosis of hepatic lobules. The 80nm TiO _ 2 mainly accumulated in the liver, which confirmed that nano-TiO _ 2 had hepatotoxicity. At the same time, it was also found that there were a lot of proteins in the renal tubular fluid of mice in the 80nm group, and the glomerulus in the 155nm group was seriously swollen, indicating that nano-titanium dioxide was toxic to the kidney. The research of Baan et al [] shows that pigment-grade titanium dioxide is potentially carcinogenic to human beings.
Question 3: Is titanium dioxide harmful to health? tio2/...8
A few days ago, a European research institute dedicated to protecting human health in the fields of environment, workplace and food issued a proposal: it is required to define titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) as a carcinogen!
The French Agency for Food Environment and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) indicated in the document that titanium dioxide is commonly used in paints, building materials and other industrial and daily consumer goods. According to its research results, it is suggested that it should be classified as a 1B carcinogen that may cause cancer through inhalation.
The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has released the document submitted by ANSES on May 3, 20 16, which requires titanium dioxide to be included in the unified classification of hazardous substances.
At present, this document is being consulted by EU countries, and the deadline is 201July 6 15. After that, ECHA will have 18 months to consider and give the European Commission a final proposal.
As a white inorganic pigment, titanium dioxide is derived from rocks and minerals and has been used in many products for decades.
According to the Titanium Dioxide Sub-center of the National Productivity Promotion Center of Chemical Industry, according to ECHA's CLP regulations (classification, labeling and packaging of substances/mixtures), if ANSES's proposal to classify titanium dioxide as 1B (human carcinogen) is accepted, all coatings containing titanium dioxide within the EU will probably be classified as carcinogens, and the countries affected will involve 28 EU member States as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
However, the use of carcinogens listed in CLP regulations as 1A and 1B in the consumption field is restricted, which means that coatings containing titanium dioxide in the formula will probably quit the consumer retail field and can only be sold to professional users.
Moreover, once Council of Europe officially approves this document, environmental protection organizations around the world and countries will probably refer to the classification of the European Union, so that the global paint market will be impacted!
Regarding this document of ANSES, TDMA, a non-profit organization under the European Council for Chemical Industry, issued a response statement, saying that it had carried out a classification assessment study on titanium dioxide six years ago. According to this assessment report, within the scope of EU chemical REACH regulations, "titanium dioxide should not be classified as a toxic substance in any form based on scientific and effective research assessment". In addition, the result of an epidemiological study is the same as this conclusion. This study investigated the working conditions of 20,000 workers in 15 titanium dioxide manufacturing plants for decades, and the results showed that frequent exposure to titanium dioxide did not harm their health.
TDMA said that it will announce the new findings and research progress of this product evaluation in time. At the same time, the association also indicated that it would "carefully examine" the French proposal and provide a detailed reply to ECHA's public consultation.
According to the data of China Titanium Dioxide Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, a paper by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) had studied the carcinogenicity of titanium dioxide.
The paper points out that in the process of titanium dioxide production in the United States and Europe, the occupational exposure levels of workers to titanium dioxide dust were screened in 1970 and 2000 respectively. Although the exposure levels of related occupations such as site cleaning and maintenance were very high, the highest exposure levels were titanium dioxide packaging and grinding, and the average occupational exposure level to inhalable dust reached. At present, there is no ready-made data to specify or quantify the standard of occupational exposure to "ultrafine titanium dioxide" dust. However, workers in titanium dioxide production plants are not only exposed to titanium dioxide dust, but also directly exposed to particles such as ore powder, dust, strong acid and asbestos fiber.
In North America and Western Europe, three groups of "epidemiological cohort studies" and one group of "population-based case-control studies" were conducted to evaluate whether titanium dioxide can cause cancer in humans. The largest group of "epidemiological cohort studies" is aimed at the workers in the titanium dioxide industry, who come from six European countries ..... >; >
Question 4: Is nano titanium dioxide poisonous? Is long-term contact harmful to human body? Nano-TiO2 _ 2 has very valuable optical properties, which shows a bright future in automobile industry and many fields. Nano-TiO2 _ 2 also has high chemical stability, thermal stability, non-toxicity, super hydrophilicity, non-migration, and can completely contact with food, so it is widely used in anti-ultraviolet materials, textiles, photocatalytic catalysts, self-cleaning glass, sunscreen, paints, inks, food packaging materials, paper industry, aerospace industry and lithium batteries.
1., sterilization function
Long-term sterilization under the action of ultraviolet rays in light. Experiments show that anatase nano-TiO _ 2 with the concentration of 0. 1mg/cm3 can completely kill the malignant Hela cells, and with the increase of the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the efficiency of photocatalytic killing of cancer cells by TiO _ 2 is also improved. The killing rates of Bacillus subtilis var. Niger spores, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Cladosporium and Aspergillus all reached above 98%. Advanced treatment of tap water by TiO2 _ 2 photocatalytic oxidation can greatly reduce the number of bacteria in water, and has no mutagenic effect after drinking, reaching the standard of safe drinking water; Adding nano-TiO2 _ 2 into coatings can produce antibacterial and antifouling coatings with sterilization, antifouling, deodorization and self-cleaning, which can be used in hospital wards, operating rooms, home bathrooms and other places where bacteria are dense and easy to breed, and can purify the air, prevent infection, deodorize and deodorize. Can effectively kill harmful bacteria and so on.
2, anti-ultraviolet function
Nano-TiO2 _ 2 can not only absorb ultraviolet rays, but also reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays and transmit visible light. It is a physical shielding ultraviolet protective agent with superior performance and great development prospect.
Anti-ultraviolet mechanism of nanometer titanium dioxide;
According to different wavelengths, ultraviolet light is divided into short-wave region190 ~ 280 nm, medium-wave region 280～320 nm and long-wave region 320 ~ 400 nm. The ultraviolet energy in the short-wave region is the highest, but it is blocked when it passes through the ozone layer. Therefore, it is generally the ultraviolet rays in the medium-wave region and the long-wave region that harm the human body.
The strong ultraviolet resistance of nano-titanium dioxide is due to its high refraction and high light activity. Its anti-ultraviolet ability and its mechanism are related to its particle size: when the particle size is large, the blocking of ultraviolet rays is mainly reflection and scattering, and it is effective for both medium-wave and long-wave ultraviolet rays. The sun protection mechanism is simple covering, which belongs to general physical sun protection and has weak sun protection ability; With the decrease of particle size, light can penetrate through the particle surface of nano-TiO _ 2, and the reflection and scattering of ultraviolet rays in long wave region are not obvious, but the absorption of ultraviolet rays in medium wave region is obviously enhanced. Its sun protection mechanism is to absorb ultraviolet rays, mainly absorbing ultraviolet rays in the medium wave region.
It can be seen that the sunscreen mechanism of nano-TiO _ 2 for different wavelengths of ultraviolet rays is different. The main barrier to long-wave ultraviolet rays is scattering, and the main barrier to medium-wave ultraviolet rays is absorption.
Nano-titanium dioxide shows excellent absorption performance in different wavelength regions. Compared with other organic sunscreens, nano-titanium dioxide has the characteristics of non-toxicity, stable performance and good effect. Japan Shiseido uses 10- 100nm nano-titanium dioxide as a sunscreen ingredient to add to lipsticks and creams, and its sunscreen factor can be as high as SPF1-19.
Because of its small particle size and high activity, nano-TiO _ 2 can not only reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays, but also absorb ultraviolet rays, so it has stronger blocking ability to ultraviolet rays. Compared with some organic ultraviolet protectants with the same dosage, VK-T02 nano-titanium dioxide has a higher absorption peak in the ultraviolet region, and what is more valuable is that it is also a broad-spectrum shielding agent, unlike organic ultraviolet protectants, which only absorb UVA or UVB. It can also transmit visible light, and when it is added to cosmetics, the skin whiteness is natural, unlike pigment-grade TiO2, which cannot transmit visible light, resulting in an unnatural pale color on the user's face.
Nano-TiO2 _ 2 can also be used as food packaging film, ink, coating, textile products and plastic filler by making use of its transparency and ultraviolet absorption ability, which can replace organic ultraviolet absorber and improve the aging resistance of coatings.
3. Photocatalytic function
It is found that the activation of Ti02 under the action of ultraviolet rays in sunlight or light can generate free radicals with high catalytic activity, which can produce strong photooxidation and reduction ability, and can catalyze and photolyze various organic substances such as formaldehyde and some inorganic substances attached to the surface of objects. Can play a role in purifying indoor air.
4, anti-fog and self-cleaning function
TiO2 _ 2 film is super hydrophilic and super permanent under illumination, so it has anti-fog function. Such as coating on automobile rearview mirrors ... > >
Question 5: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide has no biological toxicity.
Question 6: Can titanium dioxide be used as a food additive? Is it harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide is a stable metal oxide. Because of its strong inertness and high whiteness and hiding power, titanium dioxide with high purity and low content of harmful metal elements can be used as a food additive. For example, the titanium dioxide white pigment produced in Shanghai is specially used as a food additive, which is generally used in xylitol, jelly, candy, flour, fish balls, drinks and so on! This is approved by the State Quality Supervision Bureau, and there is no problem in using titanium dioxide as a food additive.
What you said is harmful to human body, but I need to answer it for you. Some food factories or cosmetics factories use industrial titanium dioxide as food additives, and its harmful metals, such as arsenic, lead, mercury and antimony, are not up to standard, so this kind of words is definitely harmful!
Question 7: Toxicity of titanium dioxide Titanium is a heavy metal, and there are no toxic heavy metal substances yet; However, the toxicity of TiO2 _ 2 compound is relatively low, which can be regarded as non-toxic, and its stability is very good, which will not cause harm to human body (although absorbing a small amount of titanium ions has no toxic effect)
For more details, you can look at the toxicological data in baike.baidu/view/27244#6 ~
Question 8: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Especially titanium dioxide used as food additive. Titanium dioxide is a white powder; Odorless and tasteless substance. The Committee of Scientific Experts, which studies food additives, food flavors, processing AIDS and food-related materials, has begun to discuss the safety of rutile titanium dioxide instead of anatase titanium dioxide which is currently allowed to be used. Titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) is a permissible food pigment, and ADI value is not specified in JECFA. 1969 JECFA. The basis of this conclusion is that in a large number of species studies, including human studies, titanium dioxide has not been found to be absorbed in large quantities and accumulated in tissues. In the European Union, titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) is listed as an allowable food pigment in Annex I of European Regulation 94/36/. The produced titanium dioxide has two crystal structures ―― anatase and rutile. It is stipulated in 94/36/ Regulation that only anatase type is allowed for titanium dioxide. JECFA stipulates that two forms are allowed. The expert committee thinks that rutile and anatase titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) have similar chemical properties, but their crystal structure and light reflectivity are different. The assessor agrees that the research on new bioavailability shows that the bioavailability of these two forms is essentially the same, and the recent toxicological data is applicable to either form. The reviewer also suggested that although the comments only showed the requester's proposal to use this flaky rutile titanium dioxide, this type of titanium dioxide may replace anatase titanium dioxide in various application fields at present.
Question 9: Is titanium dioxide toxic when used in cosmetics? No toxicity, titanium dioxide has basically no chemical activity.
The US Food and Drug Administration stipulates that titanium dioxide can be used as all food white pigments, and the maximum dosage is 1g/kg Sec. 73.575 titanium dioxide. The pigment additive titanium dioxide can be safely used in general colored foods, subject to the following provisions:
(1) The amount of titanium dioxide shall not exceed 1% of the food weight.
(2) According to the special standards published in Article 40 1 of the Law, colored foods shall not be used unless there are similar standards that allow the addition of pigments.
(3) For colored food, the edible pigment additive titanium dioxide can contain a proper diluent as a safe pigment additive, as follows: silicon dioxide, as a dispersion assistant, with the content not exceeding 2%.
Product adaptation: preserved fruit, jelly, fried food, cocoa products, chocolate, chocolate products, hard candy, polished candy, gum-based candy, puffed food, candy chocolate product coating, mayonnaise, salad dressing, jam, solid beverage, konjac gel food, etc.
Many foods can be added with a large amount of titanium dioxide, and there is no problem in cosmetics.
Question 10: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is chemically stable and does not react with most substances in general. There are three kinds of crystals of titanium dioxide in nature: plate titanium type, anatase type and rutile type. Plate titanium is an unstable crystal form and has no industrial use value. Anatase and Rutile are both stable crystal lattices, which are important white pigments and porcelain glazes. Compared with other white pigments, they have superior whiteness, coloring power, hiding power, weather resistance, heat resistance and chemical stability, especially no toxicity. Titanium dioxide is widely used in coatings, plastics, rubber, ink, paper, chemical fiber, ceramics, daily chemicals, medicine, food and other industries. The coating industry is the biggest user of titanium dioxide, especially rutile titanium dioxide, which is mostly consumed by the coating industry. The paint made of titanium dioxide has bright colors, high hiding power, strong coloring power, low consumption and many varieties, which can protect the stability of the medium, enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the paint film, prevent cracks, prevent ultraviolet rays and moisture from penetrating and prolong the life of the paint film.
Titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) does not react with most substances in general. However, the contact parts of human body and the outside world have corresponding defense mechanisms to prevent harmful substances from entering. However, these defense mechanisms have limited effect on nano-titanium dioxide particles. Respiratory tract, epidermis and digestive tract are the three main parts where nano-particles invade the body. In general, respiratory tract contact with nanoparticles is the most common way, so the most research on the biological toxicity of nano-titanium dioxide is lung toxicity. 2. Toxic effect of1on lung After the lung is exposed to insoluble particles, inflammatory symptoms such as proliferation of inflammatory cells, damage of alveolar epithelial cells, and increase of lung weight appear one after another with the extension of exposure time. Zhang et al. [] used nano-TiO _ 2 of about 30nm in a ratio of 1mg? L- 1 was injected into mice. After 30 days, it was found that the lung weight of mice increased obviously, while the total lung cells decreased by 50%. Afaq et al. [] also confirmed that ultrafine titanium dioxide (20nm) particles can cause interstitial lung tissue, induce inflammatory reaction and increase epithelial tissue permeability. Warheit et al. [] research shows that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause instantaneous inflammation and cell damage within 24 hours. 2.2 Toxic effects on heart, liver, kidney, brain and other tissues. Due to its small particle size, nano-titanium dioxide can be transported to various organs, including brain and heart, which can cause toxic effects on other organs. Studies have confirmed that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause pathological changes in circulatory system. Nurkiewicz et al. [] found that 0. 1 or 0.25mg of titanium dioxide with a particle size of 1μm was dripped into rat trachea for 24h, which caused a dose-dependent injury to vascular endothelial cells. When Wang et al. [] studied the acute toxicity of titanium dioxide with 25 nm, 80 nm and 155nm, it was found that titanium dioxide with 5g? After oral administration of kg- 1 body weight, two weeks later, it was found that the heart damage caused by 25 and 80nm groups was more serious than that caused by 155nm group. Titanium dioxide at 80 nm and 155nm also caused vacuoles in hippocampal neurons, indicating that there was fatty degeneration in the brain, indicating that nano-titanium dioxide was neurotoxic. At the same time, the liver coefficient of mice in 25 nm and 80nm groups increased obviously, which indicated that nano-TiO _ 2 could trigger the inflammatory reaction of mice's liver. Pathological examination also found edema and necrosis of hepatic lobules. The 80nm TiO _ 2 mainly accumulated in the liver, which confirmed that nano-TiO _ 2 had hepatotoxicity. At the same time, it was also found that there were a lot of proteins in the renal tubular fluid of mice in the 80nm group, and the glomerulus in the 155nm group was seriously swollen, indicating that nano-titanium dioxide was toxic to the kidney. The research of Baan et al [] shows that pigment-grade titanium dioxide is potentially carcinogenic to human beings.