Pizhou Sugu Ginkgo Seedling Base will give you a brief introduction.
Ginkgo tree, also known as ginkgo tree, was also known as duck foot tree or gongsun tree in ancient times. It is one of the most precious tree species in the world, and it is the only species of ancient ginkgo plants that survived on the earth. Therefore, botanists regard it as a "living fossil" in the plant world, and together with Cedar, Aralia elata and Pinus bungeana, it is called the four international garden trees. China horticulturists often confuse Ginkgo biloba with peony and orchid, calling it "the three treasures of gardens" and worshiping it as a national tree.
Ginkgo tree is a deciduous tree with a beautiful trunk, strong disease resistance, high pollution resistance and a long life span of several thousand years. It is loved and loved by the world because of its vigorous physique, common temperament, unique character, high appreciation value and economic value. Wang Wei, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem: "Ginkgo biloba is planted as a beam, citronella is a knot, and I don't know the clouds in the building, so I will do the rain in the world." Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, praised the poem: "The four-walled mountain peaks are picturesque everywhere. A tree is towering, and a little article is circled. " Ginkgo tree not only has high appreciation value because of its handsome standing and delicate leaves, but also has strong habits, great medicinal effects and considerable economic value. Ginkgo biloba, the fruit of ginkgo tree, tastes sweet and has good medicine and food. After processing, it can be made into various flavor drinks with beautiful color, strong smell, sweet and delicious and health food suitable for all ages. The roots, leaves and skins of Ginkgo biloba also contain a variety of pharmaceutical ingredients, which have high clinical application value.
According to the research, Ginkgo originated in Carboniferous (345 million years), Ginkgo originated in the early Permian (250 million years), and Ginkgo originated in the early Jurassic/kloc-0.90 billion years ago. The pre-history of ginkgo biloba can be traced back to the Paleocene (early tertiary) in the early 70 million years. In the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, Ginkgo gradually declined from prosperity to decline. After the Quaternary Glacier, all Ginkgo biloba in Central Europe and North America were extinct, except one in China. The value of Ginkgo biloba is not only that it can survive beyond the "historical period", but more importantly, it can adhere to the genetic stability of this species during this long "geological period"
Ginkgo tree-shape characteristics
Deciduous tree, 40 meters high, diameter at breast height up to 4 meters, the bark of young trees is nearly smooth, light gray, the skin of big trees is grayish brown, irregularly longitudinally split, with long branches and short spur branches that grow slowly. Leaves alternate, scattered radially on long branches, 3-5 in clusters on short branches, with slender petioles, fan-shaped, light green on both sides, notched or 2-lobed at the broad top edge, 5-8 (1 15) cm wide, and with mostly forked veinlets. Dioecious, sparsely coextensive, and the cones are solitary in the leaf axils of short branches; Male cones are inflorescence-shaped, with many stamens, each with 2 anthers; Female cones have long stalks, and the stalks are often bifurcated (sparse 3-5 forks), and the forked ends bear 1 ovules with disk-shaped funicles, and often 1 ovules develop into developing seeds. The seeds are drupe-shaped, long-stalked, pendulous, oval, oblong-obovate, ovoid or nearly spherical, 2.5-3.5 cm long and 1.5-2 cm in diameter; The aril is fleshy and covered with white powder, and it will be yellowish or orange when it is old; Testa bony, white, often with 2 (sparse 3) longitudinal edges; The endosperm is membranous and reddish brown.
Ginkgo tree-the value of ginkgo biloba
To sum up:
1. Ginkgo biloba L. is a treasure, which integrates various uses such as food, medicine, wood, beautification and appreciation, and has high scientific research value of Ginkgo biloba L.: Ginkgo biloba L. is the oldest existing seed plant in the world, and it became a tree species together with China in the 4th century, and has always been called "Activating the Three Palaces" in academic circles. Guo Moruo called it "the Saint of the East" and "the living memorial tower of China people's civilization", which was "a treasure completely preserved by human resources" and "an eternal witness with China civilization".
2. Value of Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo biloba is a first-class dried fruit with rich nutrients, sweet taste and good medicine and food.
A. Edible value of Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo biloba kernel is rich in starch, crude protein, nucleoprotein, crude fat, sucrose, minerals, crude fiber, etc. It is a high-grade nourishing fruit.
B, the medicinal value of ginkgo biloba: medicine and food have the same origin since ancient times. Ginkgo biloba, as a dietary supplement, has a long history of nourishing and health care.
Value of Ginkgo biloba leaves: Ginkgo biloba leaves have high medicinal value. Examined by relevant professional organizations and pharmaceutical universities in China, it was found that the flavonoid glycosides of its main components was over 35%, and the total terpene lactones were over 10%, among which ginkgolides were over 3.5%, and ginkgolic acid was less than 5 ppm. The contents of monotonous weightlessness, ignition residue and heavy metals all met the national standards. 3. Value of Ginkgo biloba wood: Ginkgo biloba wood is excellent in data, easy to be monotonous, fast, not cracked, and has an extra medicinal fragrance, so it is known as "Silver Fragrant Wood". Simple cutting, smooth cutting surface and excellent gloss after painting. Simple gluing. The nail holding force is weak and does not split. It is often used in construction, madness, inlaying, various carving techniques, high-grade civilization and musical instruments, and industrial appliances.
3. Appreciation value of Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo biloba is boundless, arrogant and proud, graceful and rich, decent and beautiful, with seasonal understanding and characteristics.
4. Ecological value of Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo biloba is resistant to pests and diseases, pollution and bad environmental conditions, and it is an excellent landscaping tree species.
Specifically:
Botany often confuses ginkgo with dinosaurs and is called the giant panda in the plant kingdom. Ginkgo biloba belongs to the category of dried fruits, and among many dried fruits, the economic value of ginkgo biloba ranks third. The value of ginkgo is mainly reflected in food and medicine.
Ginkgo biloba was eaten to prolong life, and Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must have ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, roasted food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol.
The medicinal use of ginkgo is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticide and veterinary medicine. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Enter the lung meridian, benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Jing Feng Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the functions of reducing phlegm, clearing away toxin and killing insects, and can cure "boils, carbuncle, decayed mammary abscess, dental caries, diarrhea in children, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, slow strangulation, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, there were Chinese patent medicines made of ginkgo in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use. Ginkgo biloba exocarp is rich in hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgo flavone. The water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, and their effects are similar to those of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. The effective rate of epicarp alcohol intermediates in inhibiting 22 kinds of clinically common pathogenic fungi was 8 1%. The effective rate of 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid in inhibiting 25 clinical pathogenic fungi was 92%. In addition, the inhibition rate of exocarp extract on apple anthracnose and other 1 1 culture pathogens reached 88%- 100%. The control rate of the alcohol extract on geometrid simian was 100% within 3 days, and it can control tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Chilo suppressalis and other pests together. According to "Herbal Medicine of Folk Veterinary Medicine", Ginkgo preparation can treat the symptoms of livestock strain, nose hanging, lung abscess, cough due to lung deficiency, urine dripping with blood, female livestock leucorrhea and so on. Dingchuan decoction developed by Shandong Animal Husbandry Medical Station is used to treat infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the cure rate is 95%.
Ginkgo biloba leaves also have important medicinal value. At that time, there will be as many as 160 kinds of Ginkgo biloba extract whose chemical components are known. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, a- hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. In 1960s, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has certain effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular diseases through experiments. Together, Ginkgo biloba leaves can also be used as pesticides. Add 20kg of water to 1kg leaves, boil for 30min, and then soak for 2-3 days. The insect control rate of spraying its liquid medicine on red spider and cabbage caterpillar is over 90%, and there is no residue.
Ginkgo biloba L. and Ginkgo biloba L. are used to make healthy pillows. It is recorded in Pillow Story that the seed core of Ginkgo biloba L., commonly known as Ginkgo biloba L., tastes sweet, is rich in nutrients, is good in medicine and food, and is also used as medicinal diet or medicine. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves, seed coats and tree roots are rich in various chemical components that can be used in traditional Chinese medicine. Ginkgo biloba L. and other precious Chinese herbal medicines over three years old are selected to make healthy pillows. It is light and fragrant, which can improve human breathing and improve sleep quality. Long-term use of natural substances can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, prevent hypertension, stroke and diabetes caused by vascular aging in adults, and enable adults to maintain normal cardiac output and normal nervous system function, especially in middle-aged and elderly people, so that people can adhere to the normal cell life cycle as much as possible and persist in the youthful vitality that they never forget.
At that time, there were more than 50 kinds of skin care and hair care products made from Ginkgo biloba extract. In addition, ginkgo biloba beverage, ginkgo peach juice, ginkgo beer, ginkgo tea and other health products developed from ginkgo biloba leaves have been circulated in the market and achieved excellent results.
The ecological benefits of ginkgo biloba are mainly reflected in the following aspects: from the perspective of cultivation, ginkgo biloba belongs to a fruit tree-dried fruit; It belongs to timber tree species, protective tree species, pest-resistant tree species, turtle-aged tree species and pollution-resistant tree species. Ginkgo biloba has a strong habit, and it is an interesting tree species in fast-growing and high-yield forest, farmland shelterbelt, road shelterbelt, bank protection forest, beach shelterbelt, village shelterbelt, forest-grain intercropping and "four sides" beautification. It can not only supply a lot of excellent wood, leaves and seeds, but also purify the air, cultivate water sources, prevent wind and sand, adhere to soil and water, and improve farmland microclimate. It is an excellent tree species for afforestation, beautification and appreciation, which is of great significance to the adjustment of agricultural and forestry cultivation structure in the north and south of China and the development of forestry in plain agricultural areas. Ginkgo biloba wood is excellent and expensive, and is known as "silver incense wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging force, extra medicinal fragrance and strong moth resistance. Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other technical products, as well as high-grade furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo biloba wood has consistency, sound conductivity and elasticity, and is an interesting material for making musical instruments. It can be used to make civilized articles such as surveying and mapping tools and pens, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small technical products. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, machine models and wooden models of bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards, wooden telephones and so on.
Ginkgo biloba also has outstanding appreciation value. Ginkgo biloba is green in summer and golden in autumn, giving people a sense of beauty, grandeur, luxury and elegance. Therefore, ginkgo biloba is regarded as an important tree species for yard, street and garden beautification at all times and in all countries. In China's famous mountains and rivers, ancient temples and temples, there are all kinds of ancient ginkgo biloba. They have experienced vicissitudes of life and traced back to ancient and modern times, giving people a sense of mystery. Poets and poets of past dynasties entered the temple and left a lot of poems and poems, and they were proud of their beautiful scenery and good deeds. No wonder we marvel at the close connection between ancient ginkgo biloba and ancient civilization.
Ginkgo biloba is magnificent, and its trunk is curved and lush. Choose beautiful ginkgo, process it into bonsai, and concentrate the heroic spirit of ginkgo in nature on the edge of the basin. It is elegant and interesting, and it is clear for the desk, which makes people happy.
Ginkgo biloba has a large shade crown, which has a cooling effect. The leaves are quaint and have a long life. No pests and diseases, no pollution to the environment, bright trunk, is a well-known pollution-free tree species, conducive to the reproduction of Ginkgo biloba and add scenery. With strong habits, Ginkgo biloba has a wide demand for climate and soil. Smoke and dust resistance, fire resistance and toxic gas resistance. Ginkgo tree has boundless body, straight trunk and beautiful posture, and is a kind of interesting garden beautification and street tree. It can be used for landscaping, roads, highways, field forest nets, windbreaks and the beautification of institutions, campuses and factories.