There are many varieties of crucian carp, and the common ones are Dianchi high-backed crucian carp, Founder silver crucian carp, Pengze crucian carp, Kihe crucian carp, heterozygous silver crucian carp, hybrid crucian carp, white crucian carp, Xiangyun crucian carp, platinum productive crucian carp, golden crucian carp, African crucian carp, and Jiangsu occlusal crucian carp. Carp is one of the most common freshwater fishes in China, living in major water systems outside of the Tibetan Plateau region, with low water temperature requirements, easy to culture, and is an important cultured fish in China.

First, Dianchi high back crucian carp

1, Dianchi high back crucian carp is Dianchi indigenous fish, is the mid-1970s in Dianchi and its water system naturally formed triploid crucian carp populations, the body shape for the fusiform, the body length for the height of the body of 2.28 times, the body color of the silvery gray, the back of the color is darker, the abdomen color is lighter.

2, Dianchi high back crucian carp adaptability is wider, can grow in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, dams and other waters, the optimal growth of water temperature 24-30 ℃. The optimum growing water temperature is 24-30℃. It has rapid growth, strong reproduction, strong disease resistance, large individuals, and is easy to breed. The nutritional value of high back crucian carp is very high, each hundred grams of meat containing 13 grams of protein, 11 grams of fat, and contains a lot of calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals.

Second, Founder Silver Carp

Founder Silver Carp is a specialty of Founder County, Heilongjiang Province, with a thick back, small head, high meat rate, strong disease resistance, cold resistance, fast growth, large individuals and other characteristics. Its body color is black-gray on the back, dorsal fin and anal fin, dark silver-gray on the side of the body, and the edge of each scale on the side of the body is slightly darker. Founder Silver Carp is a kind of farmed fish with high protein, low fat, rich amino acid content and high nutritional value. The protein content is 17.26%, fat content is 1.00%, moisture is 78.63%, and nitrogen-free leachate is 2.01%.

Third, Pengze crucian carp

Pengze crucian carp is a specialty of Pengze County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, the national agricultural products geographical indications. Since 1983, artificial breeding breeding, with individual large, fast-growing, adaptability, disease resistance, breeding environment requirements are not high characteristics, tender meat, meat flavor, nutritious, containing the body's essential eight amino acids. It is also known as Pengze Carp because of its large size (the two largest known individual weights are 4.0 kg and 6.5 kg respectively). Because it often inhabits the reeds in the lake, the side of the body has 5-7 gray-black reed-like markings (pond rearing for a period of time, it will gradually disappear) and is also known as the reed crucian carp.

Four, Qi River crucian carp

Qi River crucian carp is a specialty of Hebi City, Henan Province, the national agricultural products geographical indications. With meat fat and tender, fishy small, fine bone spines, gills are not bitter, flavorful and so on, contains a lot of protein, fat, sugar, calcium, iron and vitamin B1, B2, A and so on. Meat content of more than 70%, muscle protein content of more than 18%, amino acid sum of more than 18%, delicious flavor, high nutritional value. A series of measures taken in modern times, such as purification and rejuvenation, artificial breeding, etc., have gradually expanded the number of breeding of Qi River crucian carp.

Fifth, heterozygous silver crucian carp

Heterozygous silver crucian carp is the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Aquatic Biology of fish breeding experts in 1976-1981 developed a new object of crucian carp breeding, Xingguo red carp for the father, the use of the natural female nucleus of silver crucian carp as a parent, the offspring of artificial insemination breeding. The fish has good hybrid advantage. The fish has a good hybrid advantage, the effect of increased production is obvious, and tender meat, nutrient-rich, out of water survival time is long, can be in low temperature, no water conditions in the short and medium distance transportation of live fish.

Six, hybrid crucian carp

Hybrid crucian carp is a freshwater fisheries research center in recent years to the Founder silver crucian carp for the mother, Taihu Lake wild carp for the father of the "hybrid" and the offspring obtained. It has the advantages of strong adaptability, large size, fast growth, less disease, wide eating habits, delicious meat flavor, etc. It is generally welcomed by the production units. It is suitable for the outer swings, inner ponds, rivers and lakes enclosure, is a kind of economic and social benefits are better breeding new varieties.

Seven, white crucian carp

White crucian carp is a freshwater fishing carp family, larger, high and lateral flat, the front back bulge is more pronounced, the tail stalk is slender, the head is a little smaller, the color is silver. Fast-growing, omnivorous, four-year-old weight up to 0.75 kg or more. White crucian carp omnivorous, mainly eating phytoplankton and benthic animals, etc., adaptable, cold-resistant, heat-resistant, high reproductive rate, early sexual maturity, low breeding costs.

Eight, Xiang Yun crucian carp

Xiang Yun crucian carp is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Hunan Normal University Department of Biology, Professor Liu Yun cultivated a successful triploid crucian carp. Its edible part of the more, less fine spines less viscera, tender meat, meat flavor to maintain the flavor of the crucian carp, individual large, muscle glutamate content is higher than the general taste of the mouth of the crucian carp is good. The growth rate of Xiangyun crucian carp is 3-5 times faster than that of common crucian carp, and the maximum growth of the fry can be up to 0.75kg.

IX, Platinum Fertile Carp

Platinum Fertile Carp, under the same conditions, has the growth rate of more than 18% than that of Pangze Carp, and it is suitable to be cultivated in freshwater culture water bodies for ponds or net boxes in various parts of the country. It is suitable for pond or net box culture in freshwater aquaculture water bodies all over the country, avoiding artificial release for natural water bodies. The female proportion of the Platinum Carp group is more than 98%, due to the high proportion of females, there are few males with slow growth rate, so the difference between individuals becomes smaller, and the specifications of the ponds have been improved for a while.

Ten, the golden carp

The golden carp is one of the world's three famous ornamental fish, originated in China, so far has a history of more than 1700 years. Its body color has red, yellow, blue, purple, black, white, two-color, three-color, five-color, etc. Its body shape has a lion's head, high head, blisters, dragon's eyes, pom-poms, pearl scales, butterfly tails, tiger's head and so on. The golden carp has a strong adaptability to water temperature, but cannot adapt to the drastic changes in temperature, its suitable water temperature is 18-26 ℃, the temperature is too high or too low will affect the feeding and growth and reproduction of the goldfish.

Eleven, African carp

African carp has a high yield, fast generation, less disease, miscellaneous food, strong reproduction and other characteristics. Its meat is delicious, less spiny, high protein content, rich in 8 kinds of essential amino acids needed by the human body, of which glutamic acid and glycine content is particularly high. Breeding is mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other areas with higher temperatures, with pond intensive breeding as the main focus. The nutrition of its meat is extremely rich and comprehensive, rich in high-quality protein and essential amino acids, protein value analogous to eggs, while the protein content is more than 30% higher than eggs.

XII, Jiangsu crucian carp

Jiangsu crucian carp fish body shape plump, head is small, the kiss is blunt, horseshoe-shaped, the mouth fissure moderate sub-inferior, the eyes are larger, located in the back of the nose, the back of the high, thick and slightly curved, the abdomen is straight, the tail fork-shaped. Omnivorous fish, living in the lower and middle layers of the water column, strong digestion and absorption of food, high feed conversion rate, growth water temperature of 16-31 ℃, survival water temperature of 1-34 ℃. Jiangsu crucian carp has a mild temperament, easy to fish, resistant to transportation, scales are tight, do not fall off the scales.