The cultivation of Feitao has a long history. Although the local people failed to tell it in detail, they only knew that it was an ancestral fine variety. In what generation did the fat peach originate? It is said that it has a history of more than 1 years, but it is not so long ago according to written records. Shandong Tongzhi, which first appeared in 1726 (the fourth year of Yongzheng, Qing Dynasty), recorded: "Peach is the best in the fat city, followed by Linqing, and distributed everywhere." However, in the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books compiled in the same period, 61 peach-producing counties and several kinds of names were collected, but the fat peach was not included in the book, which proved that the fat peach was not very famous at that time. After a lapse of 89 years, in 1815 (the 26th year of Jiaqing), the "Records of Feicheng County" contained: "Peach is delicious, which is beyond the reach of other places, but those who came from Lvdian, Fengshan and Guliu are especially good". At this point, the reputation of peach is getting higher and higher. It was 93 years later, and in 198 (the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu), the local records of Feicheng County contained: "There are people who know that there are fat peaches thousands of miles away" and "there are people who know that there are fat peaches in all countries in the East and the West". At that time, the fat peach has become a royal tribute, which is not only well-known in China, but also famous overseas. As a royal tribute, Feitao suffered setbacks in peach production. According to the Investigation Report of Feicheng Peach in 1934, "At that time (Guangxu period), the county governor seized the tribute from the officers before they matured, and most of the gardens with good cultivation and rich results were banned from selling, but they could accept bribes from the officers." Otherwise, you can only listen to it. At the maturity of its closed garden, the officers picked the fruits with a coarse mesh net. Any big fruit that did not escape the net was a tribute, and those who were arrested were taken as existing by the officers, and no price was required. That is, those who make tributes, whether to give the price or not, can only be the likes and dislikes of the officers, and farmers dare not compete. Therefore, farmers planted peaches at that time, which was easy to cause trouble, and many people cut them. "

Yield

In the early years of the Republic of China, fat peaches were also called peaches. According to Shandong Quanye Daily in 1921, "At that time, the distribution area of the county was * * * nine districts, and the fat peaches were produced in the first, second, fourth and fifth districts, but not in the eighth and ninth districts. Those produced in the third, sixth and seventh districts were commonly known as hairy peaches. Fat peaches are most famous for those produced on both sides of Kanghe River. The area is about 3 miles long and 1 miles wide. There are 44 villages with 74 peach orchards and 8,22 plants, with an annual output of about 14, pieces, equivalent to 7, Jin. " By 1934, the production of fat peaches had little development. According to the Investigation Report of Feicheng Peach by Professor Wu Gengmin of Shandong Agricultural College, "Feicheng County is divided into nine districts. Peach is cultivated in Dongli Village, Xili Village, Gujiazhuang, Lijiaxiaozhuang, Hei Niu Shan, Xiaogujiazhuang, Xinzhuang, Jingtongyu, Beilaosengtai, Zhangjiabatou, Yinjiashan Villa, Yinglizhuang and Niejiazhuang in the fifth district of southwest China. After fourth area, Liliu, Shangguliu and Hanjiazhuang followed; In the sixth district, Zhifangzhuang and Nanwangshangchu are second; It is also found in the first area and near the city. Taoyuan everywhere is separated from each other and not concentrated in one place. The area of each garden is two or three acres, and the largest one is only ten acres. " On July 23rd of the same year, Shandong Republic Daily published the area and yield of fat peaches. (a) the place of production is forty-eight villages (mostly in the first, second, fourth and fifth districts); (2) There are seventy-four peach gardens in * * (excluding those with an acre or so); (3) * * * There are 8,2 peach trees (the number of pure fat peach trees, excluding hairy peaches); (four) * * * has a garden of 41 mu; (5) 1.64 million peaches are produced each year, of which one third are inferior peaches and one tenth are inferior peaches.

Price

According to the minimum statistics, about 9, excellent peaches can be produced each year, which is worth 18, yuan at the current price of 2 cents each; There are about 5, inferior peaches, each of which is worth 5, yuan at a dime, 23, yuan at a * * *, and at least 3, yuan a year if it is produced in a small peach garden with an acre or so. In 1935, Feng Yuxiang, who lived in seclusion at the foot of Mount Tai, visited Feicheng continuously. The luscious big fat peach aroused his strong interest. He personally sent people to Beiyixian Village in Feicheng to buy land and build a peach garden as an experimental base for the cultivation of fat peaches. To this end, he once wrote a poem: "Feicheng Peach, Feicheng Peach, not only for the rich, but also for the working people." Today, this fat peach base is still full of fruits. The local people often cherish the memory of General Feng's merits.

reasons for the difficulty in development

There are other reasons why the production of fat peaches can't develop, except for the item. According to the survey report on the production and sales of peaches in Feicheng in 1921, "there are three difficulties in operating the peach industry: 1. It is difficult to find out that the peach plants in this county are planted directly in the field, and they must be grafted by bud grafting after the rootstock grows for three years. 2. It is difficult for peach plants to achieve results. To plant peaches in this county, it takes more than 1 people per acre of peach garden and four times of fertilization. In the first three times, each plant was a cart of manure, and in the fourth time, the bean cake or sesame oil residue was more than ten kilograms, so the annual expenditure of labor and fertilizer per mu was about 5 to 6 yuan. Therefore, most of them need to operate with loans and return them after the peaches are harvested. If the next year's results are met, the debts of the peach households cannot be paid off. There are often those who fail to bear fruit every two years, so it is pitiful for peach farmers to cut down the peach garden and plant food instead. Those who undertake to improve their cultivation techniques as soon as possible in order to maintain and develop them. 3. Difficulties in sales To check the sales price of peaches in Feicheng County, it is all decided by the fruit banks in the centralized point from the merchants. Therefore, it is almost impossible for peach households to raise the price of peaches slightly and maintain their losses. The sales method is not emphasized, and the loss of peach households is not fresh. "

reasons for cultivation techniques

In addition to the above difficulties affecting the development of peach industry, there are also problems in cultivation techniques. According to the same investigation report, "A. Peaches planted in this county can never be pruned. Therefore, the branches of peach trees grow too densely, the sunlight transmission is difficult, the air is not very circulating, and the branches are far from the center of the tree because they can't be pruned, which wastes nutrient solution and the tree strength can't be concentrated, which makes it difficult to bear fruit. B in the fertilizer used for peach planting in this county, the quality of nitrogen is too rich, while the phosphoric acid fertilizer and the californian fertilizer are too scarce, so the branch vigor is too strong, and the nutrient solution in the material is thin, which is easy to produce buds and leaves, and it is difficult to form flower buds. Check phosphoric acid fertilizer, which is an essential factor to promote fruiting. Gary fertilizer is a necessity to strengthen branches. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce the amount of manure and bean cake, and supplement each peach with fertilizers rich in phosphoric acid and nail, such as rice bran or bone meal and plant ash, to improve its branches, reduce diseases and promote its fruiting ability. C. the spread of pests hinders the assimilation of peach trees. Trees are the most vulnerable, because they are unable to bear fruit in the second year or the third year of extension. " In 1937, on the grounds that "Feitao is a famous specialty, but it is perishable, inconvenient to transport and sell, and difficult to promote", the local government submitted a request to "set up a canned factory for manufacturing Feitao" in order to develop the resources of Feitao. The submission was not approved. At that time, Han Fuju, the chairman of the province, and Zhang Honglie, the director of the construction department, gave instructions: "The section on the best-selling of Pi Li, a canned factory for manufacturing fat peaches, is still insightful. However, the yield of fat peaches is too small, so it is difficult to make large-scale production, the maturity period is too short, and the factory is idle for a long time, which is also not economical. In addition, the fat peach is sticky, so it is very difficult to make cans. Moreover, at the mature stage, its pulp is mostly liquefied, and if it is heated with water, it is bound to dissolve. With these numbers, it is not easy to make canned food. " After 1937, wars were frequent, and people's lives were difficult. Peach farmers cut peach trees and planted grain, and the production of fat peaches dropped sharply. By 1949, there were only more than 8 mu and 2,5 peach plants in the county, which was a quarter of that before the war, and the output was 13, Jin, which was less than a fifth of that before the war.

Later development

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party and the government attached great importance to the development of Feitao. In 1956, Feicheng Garden was first built, with an operating area of 24 mu. In 1957, the county planted 11, peach trees with an annual output of 3, Jin. In 1959, it grew to 99, strains, with an annual output of 1.4 million Jin. After that, it increased year by year. By 1982, according to the inventory statistics of fruit tree resources, the planting area of fertile peaches in the county was 5989 mu, with 159787 plants, with an annual output of more than two million Jin. After the implementation of the contract responsibility system, it increased to 25 thousand mu in 1985, with more than 66 thousand plants, with an annual output of about 4 million Jin. In 1986, Feicheng was identified as the base county of Feicheng Peach, a national famous specialty. On September 2nd, Feicheng county party committee and government held the first Feicheng peach tasting meeting in Beijing. China Feicheng Peach Festival was held in 1992 and 1993 for two consecutive years. In August 1992, Tian Jiyun wrote an inscription for the opening of the first Feicheng Peach Festival in China. In order to further publicize Feitao, promote the development of Feitao and serve the revitalization of Feicheng. Under the care and guidance of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the provincial and municipal governments, and with the strong support of the county party committee and the county government, the Literature and History Research Committee of the county CPPCC compiled a book "History of Feitao", which recorded the cultivation history, tortuous development process, peach culture and anecdotes of Feitao, a famous product in China, with full and accurate information. At the same time, this book also includes relevant information of the first China Feicheng Peach Festival. The first Feicheng Peach Blossom Tourism Festival was held in April 22.

development in recent years

in recent years, the research on the collection and innovative utilization of Feicheng peach germplasm resources has made a major breakthrough. In 1996, Feicheng Municipal Government invested 1.2 million yuan in the research of cultivating new varieties of Feicheng peach by biotechnology. After eight years of research by Feicheng Peach Research Institute and Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences, four new varieties of Feicheng peach, Feicheng Peach Zaohong, Feitao Carmine, Feitao Summer Red and Feitao Prince, were successfully cultivated by interspecific hybridization and assisted embryo tissue culture technology, which achieved a new breakthrough in the Millennium cultivation of Feicheng peach. In addition to the series of Feicheng peaches, more than 6 excellent varieties from other places have been introduced, such as Xinchuan Nakajima, Laishanmi, Zhonghua Shoutao, Flat Peach, Huang Jintao and Protected Nectarine, which have achieved the goal of having peaches in all seasons and become the production base of high-quality Feicheng peach series with certain scale characteristics in central and southern Shandong.

Feitao Fruit Wine

1. Project Development Time:

Feicheng Fotaoyuan Fruit Wine Co., Ltd. is a high-tech private enterprise that uses Feitao as raw material to brew fruit wine. The project began to be developed in February 21. At first, a peach wine technology development laboratory was set up in Mi Shan, Taoyuan. In December 22, the project was successfully developed and built. In March 23, a factory was invested in the old industrial zone and completed and put into operation in December 23.

2. Advanced technology:

Since the development and construction of the project, we have cooperated with Shandong Food Fermentation Research and Design Institute, Shandong Institute of Light Industry and other scientific research institutions, and carried out research on key technologies for brewing series of fruit wine with fat peaches as raw materials, and hired 3 national fermentation and brewing experts as technical guidance, and trained 8 middle and senior professional technicians. Advanced domestic fruit wine brewing equipment was introduced, unique fermentation, distillation and alcohol extraction processes were adopted, and new technologies such as cutting heat treatment, rapid cold treatment and gumming treatment were used to develop three series of Feitao fruit white wine, Feitao dry wine and Feitao sweet wine.

Third, the nutritional characteristics of peach wine:

Peach nutrition: Fat peach, also known as Buddha peach and longevity peach, can reach 9g, with plump fruit, beautiful appearance, tender pulp and fragrant smell. Because nutrition contains amino acids and vitamins beneficial to human body, its nutritional value is known as the "king of fruits", containing 17 kinds of trace elements. Legend has it that one flat peach eaten by the queen mother of China and the West can last for thousands of years. Eating Buddha peaches often can really live forever and prolong life. Dry wine: The dry wine brewed by the unique technology of advanced Feicheng peach fermentation completely condenses the nutrients and effective components in Feicheng peach, and is rich in functional factors-fructose and protein, amino acids necessary for human body, vitamins A, B and C, and various trace elements such as iron, potassium, magnesium and zinc. Suitable for men, women and children, long-term drinking can beautify, nourish skin, increase wisdom and prolong life. Dry wine brewed from Fotao Peach can promote digestion, soften blood vessels, make blood vessels elastic, enhance vitality, dredge meridians, promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, moisten skin, and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is a nutritious drinking wine. Dew wine: It is refined from dry peach wine and peach honey. It has the nutritional function of dry wine and organic compounds such as kaempferol, coumarin and trilobite glycoside contained in peach blossom. It can dilate blood vessels and terminal capillaries, make blood vessels elastic, enhance vitality, dredge meridians, moisten skin and be cheerful. In particular, peach blossom is rich in vitamins A, B, C, iron, potassium, magnesium and zinc. Liquor: Fat peach fruit liquor fermented and distilled by pure peach, which combines the nutrition of peach with the sweetness of wine without destroying the nutritional components beneficial to human body, and is made by careful fermentation and distillation to extract alcohol. High-alcohol liquor has clear and transparent body, sweet and refreshing entrance, rich and harmonious fruit aroma, long aftertaste and unique flavor. Low-alcohol wine is full-bodied, clean and refreshing at the entrance, low but not light. Fruit white wine has the characteristics of no head injury, no liver injury, refreshing and brain strengthening, anti-fatigue, invigorating spleen and appetizing, softening blood vessels, etc. Long-term drinking can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

IV. Product quality:

The Feitao series fruit wine developed by our company has been tested by the health and epidemic prevention and quality and technical supervision departments of Shandong Province, and all the indexes meet the requirements and the quality is up to standard. In order to improve the quality of products, we will also start to cultivate pollution-free green fat peach development bases, create optimized conditions for fat peach processing products, and establish a green fat peach ecological park.

V. High-tech achievements:

The research and development of this project has filled a gap in domestic fruit wine brewing with peach as raw material, and now it is applying for national patent products. The project has won the scientific and technological progress awards of Feicheng and Tai 'an, and has been listed as a key scientific and technological project by the Science and Technology Department of Shandong Province. Professor, a famous national wine-making expert, spoke highly of Feicheng Peach Wine after paying for it. He thought that the birth of Feicheng Peach Wine marked a new level of fruit fermented dry wine in China.

VI. Market sales situation:

At present, more than a dozen varieties of Feitao series fruit wine have been produced. On the basis of meeting the local consumer market, the products have been sold to Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other markets, and the sales situation is very good, which has been favored by consumers.

VII. Enterprise scale:

At present, our company has invested 25 million yuan, has fixed assets of 16 million yuan, and has an annual production capacity of 2, tons of Feitao fruit wine, which can digest and process 12, tons of Feitao every year, and can achieve an annual output value of 1 million yuan, an annual profit and tax of 36 million yuan, and an annual income increase of 8-1 million yuan for farmers. The second phase of the project is also ready to expand the production scale, reaching the annual production capacity of 6 tons of Feitao fruit wine.

VIII. Serving agriculture, countryside and farmers:

Feicheng peach is a rare and precious resource in China. However, due to its concentrated maturity, it is not resistant to storage and perishable, which restricts the transportation and sales of Feicheng peach to a certain extent, resulting in high yield and low efficiency. Our company is based on the geographical advantages of a 1,-mu peach orchard and high-tech research results, and vigorously develops fruit wine production, which conforms to the national industrial policy and also plays a leading role in industry and farmers. It not only broadens the sales of fat peaches for peach farmers, but also solves their problems and increases farmers' economic income.

IX. Prospect:

With the development of society and the progress of human civilization. People's life concept and consumption consciousness also tend to health care. According to the adjustment of the national industrial policy, according to the statistics of the National Food Industry Association, the consumption of grain wine is decreasing year by year, and the annual consumption of fruit wine is increasing at a rate of 15%. Therefore, the development of fruit wine production, market