Many mothers will have loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, acid reflux and increased saliva secretion. In this case, pregnant mothers don't have to deliberately let themselves eat more, just choose their favorite food. Eat less and eat more. If you can eat, you will change from three meals a day to five meals a day.

The above recipes are for reference only.

Pay attention to the collocation of coarse and fine grain.

It can not only promote the appetite of pregnant mothers, but also provide a material basis for the brain development of fetal babies. Eat at least 130 grams of carbohydrates every day. Ensure the healthy development of fetal brain.

Folic acid pregnant mothers start to supplement folic acid at least 3 months in advance, and the daily dose is not less than 0.4 mg, and they need to continue to supplement after pregnancy.

Energy intake The growth rate of embryos in early pregnancy is slow, and the energy required by pregnant mothers is not much different from that before pregnancy. According to the recommendation of dietary nutrient intake of China residents, the energy intake in the first trimester is not 7535 kj/ day = 1800 kcal.

Be sure to have vegetables in your meals and eat fruits and vegetables every day. Fruit is rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. If vegetables and fruits are left for too long, they will not only lose water, but also lose vitamins. So choose fresh fruits and vegetables.

Weight management The weight may be reduced in the first trimester, mainly due to the severe morning sickness reaction in the first trimester, which leads to poor appetite. At this time, the embryo volume is not large. Generally speaking, as long as there is no serious weight loss, you don't have to worry too much. After three months of pregnancy, the early pregnancy reaction will gradually ease, the growth rate of the fetus will gradually accelerate, and the weight will gradually increase.

Nutrition guide for the second trimester

In the second trimester, the pregnant mother's pregnancy reaction is reduced and her appetite is better. The baby develops rapidly, increasing by about 10g every day on average. By the 28th week, the baby's weight can reach 1 1,000 g, and the pregnant mother's weight will also increase, and her movements will not be as flexible as before.

The first time I feel fetal movement, after 12 weeks of pregnancy, the enlarged uterus will go beyond the pelvic cavity and touch the pubic symphysis. By 20 weeks, the uterus is usually at navel level. Pregnant mothers will feel fetal movement for the first time from 16 to 18 weeks. Eat fish 2 ~ 3 times a week. In the second trimester, the baby enters a period of rapid growth and development, and the mother also needs to store energy for postpartum breastfeeding.

The basal metabolism of pregnant mothers gradually increases with energy intake. In order to meet the increase of energy demand during pregnancy, according to the Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for China Residents, the intake in the second trimester is 8790 kilojoules/day = 2099 kilocalories.

Nutrition that needs to be supplemented in the second trimester

Iron (choose red meat, animal liver, animal blood) In the second trimester, the metabolism of pregnant mothers is accelerated, and the demand for maternal iron is increased to supply fetal blood and tissue cells. Pregnant mothers should also store iron in case of blood loss during childbirth and postpartum breastfeeding. The first choice is animal food. Overseas, some plant foods contain more iron, such as auricularia auricula, kelp and sesame sauce.

Calcium (daily 1000 mg) As the baby grows up, pregnant mothers' demand for calcium will also increase. The second trimester is a critical period for the baby's growth and development, and calcium is an essential substance for the baby's bone and tooth development. Babies with calcium deficiency may have bone lesions, growth retardation, congenital rickets and so on. Dairy products, fish and shrimp are rich in calcium, and 500ml of milk can provide about 500mg of calcium. You can also take calcium tablets under the guidance of a doctor.

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The metaphase of DHA (fish, shrimp, egg) is the fastest period of division and maturity of fetal brain central neurons. Adequate intake of DHA is beneficial to the development of fetal brain, as well as to the growth and development of fetal brain pyramidal cells and retinal rod cells. You can supplement your usual food by eating more fish, shrimp, eggs and nuts.

Vitamin B2 (eat more mushrooms and laver) Vitamin B2 can promote the baby's growth and development, enhance memory and physical development, and help the baby better absorb protein.

Common problems in the second trimester and dietary countermeasures

Cramp pregnant mother may have calf cramps and wake up with cramps when sleeping. The reason is insufficient calcium intake during pregnancy, which may also be the cause of fatigue or cold. Poor blood circulation of lower limbs leads to tissue hypoxia, which leads to calf spasm. If you have a cramp, you can consult your doctor.

Cramp caused by calcium deficiency: ensure daily intake of 1000 mg of calcium. Cramp caused by taking calcium tablets under the guidance of a doctor: You can soak your feet in warm water before going to bed, but don't soak them for too long. Soaking feet can promote blood circulation, relax muscles and tendons, and relieve spasms. You can also massage your calf or apply hot compress, and you can also relieve the pain when you cramp.

Cramp caused by sleeping position: The uterus enlarged by sleeping in supine position will compress the inferior vena cava, which will make the blood circulation of lower limbs poor and lead to calf cramps. Pregnant mothers can sleep in the left position, which can effectively improve the blood circulation of lower limbs. Proper exercise during the day to promote blood circulation can also reduce cramps.

Cramp caused by cold: pregnant mothers should pay attention to keep warm during pregnancy, and air conditioning wind should not be blown directly at the calf in summer.

edema of lower extremity

From the second trimester, pregnant mothers may have edema of lower limbs. The edema of lower limbs can be divided into physiological and pathological, and the difference lies in whether the edema disappears after night rest.

Physiological edema: it is a normal phenomenon and does not need treatment. Because of the baby's development, the uterus enlarges and compresses the inferior vena cava, which leads to the obstruction of blood return in the lower limbs. The edema will subside in the early morning of the next day and reappear in the afternoon.

Pregnancy edema: edema of lower limbs does not disappear after bed rest, which is called pregnancy edema. This is an abnormal phenomenon. You need to go to a breast hospital to see a doctor and check the cause of edema. Eat less salt and more fruits and vegetables. Diet should be light, and salt intake should be controlled to avoid aggravating edema. Wax gourd, towel gourd and pumpkin can play the role of detoxification and diuresis. Proper exercise is beneficial to eliminate edema. Massage before going to bed or taking a bath is also very effective in preventing edema. Remember, when you massage, you should start from the lower part of your calf, which will help blood return to your heart.

Pregnancy induced hypertension

Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH) is a unique disease during pregnancy, including hypertension, proteinuria (when protein is excessive, there may be foam in urine), edema and systemic multiple organ injury. Severe cases can cause convulsions (eclampsia) and coma. , seriously affecting maternal and child health. It is one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal death. If pregnant mothers with PIH have symptoms such as oliguria, dizziness, headache and chest tightness, they must seek medical attention immediately to ensure their health during pregnancy.

Hyperglycemia during pregnancy

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Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is one of the common problems faced by pregnant mothers. Hyperglycemia can be divided into three types, such as "sugar". Mothers should control their total energy intake.

? Choose foods with low glycemic index. Foods with low glycemic index will be digested and absorbed more slowly in human body, which will help to control postprandial blood sugar and reduce cardiovascular risk factors.

Choosing high dietary fiber food dietary fiber can reduce postprandial blood sugar and improve glucose tolerance. But eating too much bone will affect the absorption of minerals and protein.

iron-deficiency anaemia

1. Insufficient iron content in diet

Fetal demand for iron increases, and maternal intake is insufficient, thus aggravating anemia. Under the guidance of a doctor, you can get iron supplements from food. Eat more iron-containing foods, such as animal blood, animal liver, lean meat and spinach. China Nutrition Society recommended iron intake of 24mg/ day in the second trimester and 29mg/ day in the third trimester. Weight management should be increased by 350g per week in the second trimester, and should not exceed 65,438+0.4kg per month.

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Nutrition guide for the third trimester

I will see the lovely baby soon, but I still have to ensure a balanced nutrition, eat well and sleep well, and get ready for the baby.

The following contents were told to me by the obstetrician during my pregnancy, and some of them were sorted out by reading the information. I hope I can help pregnant mothers and have a happy pregnancy.

Pay attention to the collocation of coarse and fine grain.

In the third trimester, the baby grows fastest, and the pregnant mother will gradually gain weight. Pay attention to the thickness of diet at this stage. Don't eat too much fruit every day, just 150~300 grams of fruit. Too much will make the pregnant mother's own weight gain too fast and the baby grow too big. It's just that eating too much fruit during pregnancy makes the baby overweight. Every prenatal examination was scolded by the doctor.

Choose light and digestible food.

In the third trimester, with the enlargement of the uterus, sometimes it will reach the stomach, and stomach discomfort will occur. It is suggested that you can eat less and more meals, 4 ~ 6 meals a day, mainly light and digestible food.

Eat less high-calorie food.

Avoid excessive weight gain, resulting in difficult delivery. It is advisable to gain 250 ~ 500 grams a day, but not more than 500 grams. Eat less or no high-calorie food, and eat less high-sugar food.

Don't eat before cesarean section.

A series of examinations should be done before cesarean section to determine the health status of pregnant mothers and babies. Do not eat or drink water 8 ~ 12 hours before operation to avoid vomiting after anesthesia and cause aspiration.

Energy intake

In the third trimester, in order to meet the growth and development of the fetus and the fat reserve of postpartum lactation, the energy demand of pregnant mothers increases. According to the recommended dietary nutrient intake of China residents, the intake in the third trimester is 94 18kJ/ day = 2,249 kcal.

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Need key nutrients in the third trimester

Vitamin B 12

It is a necessity for pregnant mothers to fight anemia, and also helps to prevent fetal nerve injury and promote normal growth and development. 500 ml of milk can meet the demand of vitamin B 12 for one day of pregnancy. Chicken, pork, fish, beef and cheese also contain vitamin B 12.

dietary fibre

Dietary fiber can stimulate the secretion of digestive juice, promote intestinal peristalsis and reduce blood cholesterol level. Cereals (coarse grains), beans and potatoes contain dietary fiber. But too much dietary fiber will affect the absorption of vitamins and trace elements. The recommended daily dose is 20 ~ 30g. If you are overweight or have constipation symptoms, you should take 30 ~ 35g, and it is not advisable to eat too much.

The picture content comes from Baidu Encyclopedia.

The picture content comes from Baidu Encyclopedia.

vitamin C

It can enhance the anti-infection ability of the immune system, has antioxidant effect, and can reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic on the body. It can also help pregnant mothers to promote iron absorption.

The recommended dosage is100 ~115mg per day. Fresh vegetables and fruits contain vitamin C. Pregnant mothers generally do not lack vitamin C as long as they eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day.

fatty acid

Eating fish 2 ~ 3 times a week can satisfy the baby's brain development. Fatty acids are needed for fetal nervous system development and retinal cell differentiation.

Common problems in the third trimester and their improvement

constipation

Constipation is a common problem in the third trimester, mainly because the enlarged uterus oppresses the intestine, which leads to abnormal defecation and constipation.

Fecal times are reduced, and defecation is laborious. But constipation has not been improved for a long time. Please consult a doctor in the hospital and don't blindly use drugs.

Eat less spicy food, such as pepper, pepper, pepper, etc. These foods will aggravate the gastrointestinal dryness and heat, make the stool dry and make it difficult to defecate. You can drink some lactic acid bacteria drinks properly, which can improve the intestinal microecological environment and adjust the flora imbalance. Pregnant mothers can drink yogurt properly every day. Eat more foods rich in dietary fiber, which the human body can't digest and absorb; So it can promote defecation. Foods rich in dietary fiber include vegetables, fruits, potatoes, soybeans and cereals. Insufficient water can also cause constipation. Drinking more water during pregnancy helps to soften the stool and facilitate excretion. Pregnant mothers can drink a cup of warm water first every morning, which can replenish the water lost at night, warm the intestines and stimulate intestinal peristalsis. Drink 8 glasses of water every day, about 1~ 1.5 liters of water.

urinary incontinence

Some pregnant mothers will leak urine in the third trimester (urine will flow out when sneezing or laughing). I also consulted a doctor in the third trimester. The doctor said: This is a normal phenomenon in the third trimester, mainly because the uterus enlarges and oppresses the bladder, leading to stress urinary incontinence. Pregnant mothers with pelvic floor muscle dysplasia or insufficient exercise are more likely to occur.

We should strengthen pelvic floor muscle strength exercise at ordinary times. Exercise can be carried out at any time: when standing or sitting, tighten the pelvic floor muscles, count 8~ 10 seconds, relax for a few seconds, and repeat several times.

Don't hold your urine. If you feel like urinating, clean it up in time. When urinating, the body can lean forward to help completely empty the bladder.

Don't deliberately reduce the amount of water for fear of trouble. You need more water during pregnancy than during pregnancy. Drinking less water can induce health problems such as constipation.

vomit

I thought it would be comfortable to survive the pregnancy reaction in the first trimester, but I didn't expect morning sickness in the third trimester to wait for me. Morning sickness in the third trimester is also a normal phenomenon. Because as the fetus grows up, the uterus will press the stomach and produce nausea. You can eat less and eat more, and exercise properly, which can alleviate this situation.

If you don't relieve it by changing your diet, you should go to the hospital to check whether it is a liver function problem.

Lumbosacral pain

This should be a problem that all pregnant mothers will encounter in the third trimester. It is a normal physiological manifestation. Don't be too nervous. It will disappear on its own after delivery. If the lumbosacral pain is serious, you need to go to the hospital to check whether the cause is muscle injury or lumbar disc herniation.

Sleeping in the left lateral position can reduce the pressure of uterus on blood vessels; Increasing the blood supply to the placenta can not only relieve the discomfort of pregnant mothers, but also increase nutrition for the baby.

Keep a good mood and wear comfortable flat shoes instead of high heels. Do not do heavy work, do not carry heavy objects; Sleeping on a hard bed can relieve the sacrum pain of pregnant mothers.

Daily intake of 1000 mg of calcium, insufficient calcium intake will increase the risk of osteoporosis. It is suggested that pregnant mothers can drink 300 ~ 500ml of milk every day and supplement calcium tablets every day (under the guidance of a doctor).

Excessive weight gain

Excessive weight gain of pregnant mothers will lead to large fetuses and increase the incidence of complications such as dystocia, gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, weight management during pregnancy is particularly important.