Chinese name: apricot
Latin name: Prunus armeniaca
Alias: apricot
Boundary: Botany
Portal: Angiosperms Magnoliophyta
Organism: Dicotyledonous Magnoliopsida
Object: Roses Order Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Subfamily: Prunoideae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenera: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus
Species: Apricot P. armeniaca
Brief description
Apricot
Species: Apricot P. armeniaca
Brief description
Apricot
Apricot
Apricot
A tree of the Rosaceae family, scientifically known as Armeniaca vulgaris. It is commonly cultivated in temperate regions of the world. Fresh fruit can be eaten raw, can also be made into jam, canned, dried apricots and so on. The tree is large, with a spreading crown and broad heart-shaped, dark green leaves, borne upright on the branchlets. Flowers are white in full bloom and self-pollinated. Short branches bear one or two fruits per node, the fruit is round or oblong, slightly flattened, peach-like in shape, but less hairy or hairless. Flesh bright yellow or orange-yellow. Kernel surface smooth, slightly like plum kernel, but wider and flattened, more winged edge. Some varieties of kernel sweet, some poisonous.
Origin
The apricot is native to China, and is planted throughout Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Southern Europe and North Africa.
Foreign Exposure
It was brought to southern California by Spanish priests in the 18th century, and in 1879 the American Fruit Tree Society listed 11 varieties grown in the United States.
Planting
The apricot tree is propagated by budding with peach or apricot as rootstock, and it is easy to survive grafting between peach, plum and apricot. Apricot trees like light soil, well-drained fertile loam grow well. Most varieties of cold hardiness is similar to the peach, but the flowering is earlier, easy to be frozen by the late frost. Apricot trees are drought-resistant and have a long life expectancy, up to 100 years under good conditions. Apricot production is highest in Spain, followed by Iran, Syria, the United States, France and Italy. Apricots are rich in vitamin A and natural sugars; dried apricots are a good source of iron.
Species
Apricot is native to China, and is very rich in both wild and cultivated species. The world apricot plants are divided into 6 geographic ecological groups and 24 regional subgroups, *** there are 10 species. Of which China has 9 species: common apricot, Siberian apricot, Liao apricot, purple apricot, Zhidan apricot, Zhenghe apricot, Li Mei apricot, Tibetan apricot, Mei. Cultivated nearly 3,000 species, common apricot species are the most widely distributed. China in 3000 BC began to cultivate a large number of. "Xia Xiaozheng" recorded: "April, caught in the see apricot.
Characteristics of the main cultivated fruit tree varieties in northern China
Apricot is one of the main cultivated fruit tree varieties in the north of China, with early ripening of the fruit, color and luster bright, juicy flesh, sweet flavor, sweet and sour for the characteristics of the spring and summer turn of the fruit market occupies an important position, loved by the people. Apricot fruit is rich in nutrients, containing a variety of organic ingredients and essential vitamins and inorganic salts, is a fruit of high nutritional value. Almonds are more nutritious, containing protein 23 to 27%, crude fat 50 to 60%, 10% sugar, but also contains phosphorus, iron, potassium and other inorganic salts and a variety of vitamins, is a good tonic.
Apricot fruit has a good medical role
In Chinese herbal medicine in an important position, the main treatment of wind-cold lung disease, thirst, moistening lung phlegm, clearing heat and detoxification. Apricot
Apricot meat for people to eat in addition to fresh, but also can be processed into apricot preserves, canned apricots, dried apricots, apricot sauce, apricot juice, apricot wine, apricot prunes, apricot plums, apricot plums, apricot dandies, etc.; almonds can be made into almond cream, almond dew, almond cheese, almond sauce, almond snacks, almonds, almonds, soy sauce, almond oil, and so on. Almond oil is yellowish and transparent, with a fresh flavor, not only an excellent edible oil, but also an important raw material for high-grade paints and coatings, cosmetics and high-quality soaps.
Distribution area
Apricot in China has a wide distribution range, in addition to the southern coast and Taiwan Province, most of the provinces and regions, including Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Anhui, etc., and its centralized cultivation area for the south of Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, such as the Yellow River Basin provinces. Apricot
[1] In recent years, in order to develop apricot commodity bases, a number of new varieties of bases have been built in some of the old production areas, such as Hebei Julu, Guangzong's string of red apricot bases, Shandong Zhaoyuan's red gold hazelnut apricot commodity bases, Zhangjiakou's large flat apricot commodity bases, Beijing's crystal apricot bases, Shandong Laoshan's Guanzhaifang apricot bases, Lixing's red lotus bud bases, Henan Mianchi's Yangshao red apricot bases, Shaanxi's Huaxian's large apricot bases. The base of red lotus buds in Licheng, Yangshao red apricot base in Mianchi, Henan, Dajie apricot base in Huaxian, Shaanxi, Liguang apricot base in Dunhuang, Gansu, and Yingjisha apricot base in Xinjiang. In the construction of these bases, the selection of famous varieties and scientific cultivation and management techniques have enabled China's apricot production level to leap to a new level. It is said that the apricot in Western Europe was spread through the ancient Chinese Silk Road in the past, and now there are cultivated all over the world.
Application
The apricot tree is a treasure of the whole body, a wide range of uses, high economic value; apricot fruit is rich in nutrients, containing a variety of organic components and the human body must be vitamins and inorganic salts, is a high nutritional value of the fruit. Almonds are more nutritious, containing 23% to 27% protein, 50% to 60% crude fat, 10% sugar, also contains phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium and other inorganic salts and a variety of vitamins, is a good tonic. Apricot fruit has good medical utility, an important position in Chinese herbal medicine, the main treatment of wind-cold lung disease, thirst, moistening lung phlegm, clearing heat and detoxification. Apricot and apricot products have good processing performance, is also an important product for export. Apricot pulp can be processed into dried apricots, dried apricots, apricot juice (apricot tea), sweetened canned goods, jam, plums and fructan bark. Almonds can be made into raw materials for high-level snacks, almond cream, almond dew, almond cheese, almond butter, almond sauce, almond vegetables, almond oil, almond powder and so on. Apricot tree wood color red, firm texture, texture detailed, can be processed into furniture and various types of handicrafts; leaves are good livestock feed; bark can be extracted tannin and apricot gum; apricot shells are burned high-quality activated carbon raw materials. Apricot
[2] In addition, the apricot tree is also a good greening, ornamental species, especially in the arid rain, shallow soil layer of barren mountains or sandy areas, apricot tree is the wind and sand, soil conservation, improve the ecological environment, afforestation of the pioneer species. China is the world's important fresh apricot production of large countries and the largest producer of apricot pulp, the production of fresh apricots and apricot products of high quality and low price. 2004 China's fresh apricot production of 400,000 tons, among the world's fresh apricot production of the ranks of the big countries, and fresh apricot production is still 15-20% per annum rate of increase; 2001, China's apricot pulp production for the first time to reach the world's first in 2007 China's apricot pulp production of 30,000 tons, production and trade volume are more than 50% of the global proportion of apricot pulp. The production and trade volume of apricot pulp accounted for more than 50% of the global proportion. The world apricot products are mainly fresh food, the processing proportion is not high, the main processing products are apricot pulp, dried apricots, frozen diced apricots and canned goods. Apricot pulp is mainly used as an ingredient for drinkers, and 60% is used to make fruit juice. Global apricot products are mainly supplied by Turkey, China and the Middle East, and mainly consumed by Europe, America, Japan and other developed countries, Turkey is the largest producer of apricot products. The global production is about 60,000-70,000 tons and the trade volume is about 40,000 tons.
Cultivation characteristics
Apricot trees have a long lifespan, North China, Northwest China, common more than 100 years of large trees, the yield is still very high. Economic life is also very long, in 40 to 50 years. Apricot on the soil, terrain adaptability, more planted in the hillside terraces and hilly ground, in the 800 to 1000 meters on the mountains can also grow normally. Apricot
[3] can grow in loamy soil, clay soil, slightly acidic soil, alkaline soil and even in rock crevices. Apricot tree cold tolerance is strong, can withstand -30 ℃ or lower temperatures; high temperature tolerance, such as Kashgar, Xinjiang and other places, the highest summer temperature of 43.4 ℃ can still be normal growth results and good quality. Apricot tree does not tolerate waterlogging, the ground waterlogged 3 days will be rotten roots tree death. In the planted apricot, peach, plum and cherry and other nuclear fruit fruit trees in the place, not to build apricot orchards, or easy to re-plant disease, the tree is stunted, poor quality, the tree is dead, resulting in the failure of the garden. Most varieties of apricot autoflowering sterile or autoflowering fruiting rate is very low, so it must be configured to pollinate the tree in order to obtain a high and stable yield. Under normal circumstances, the ratio of the main plant species and pollinated varieties of 3 to 4:1. apricot tree seedlings are mainly used to propagate grafting, commonly used rootstock have mountain apricot, that is, the Siberian apricot, widely distributed in North China, Northeast and Northwest China. Cold-resistant, drought-resistant, grafting affinity with apricot, can improve the drought resistance of seedlings, cold resistance, and dwarfing effect. With ordinary apricot as rootstock, because the tree is tall, thick branches and trunks, the beginning of the fruit and into the fruiting period a little late, but long life. Some areas use hickory, plum, plum, elm, etc. as rootstocks, most of which show weak affinity and low survival rate. Planting density should be determined according to varieties, terrain, management level, etc., generally fresh edible apricot 2 to 3 meters × 4 to 5 meters spacing is more appropriate, mu planted 40 to 80 plants. Almonds for benevolence 2 to 3 meters × 3 to 4 meters spacing is appropriate, mu planted 55 to 110 plants. Processed apricots can take the density between the two.
Classification and varieties
There are many varieties, which can be roughly divided into three main types: meat type (edible pulp), which is also the main type; benevolence type, less pulp and poor taste, but the kernel is large and suitable for food (or medicinal); and part-time (hazelnut apricot). Its famous varieties are mainly of the fleshy type, such as Golden Sun, Kate's Apricot, Red Fountain Apricot, New Century Apricot, and King of Hut. The famous varieties of hazelnut apricot are red golden hazelnut, Yishui abundant sweet hazelnut apricot and so on.
Consumption taboos
Apricot meat is sour in flavor, hot in nature, and has a small poison. Too much food will hurt the bones and muscles, hook hair old disease, and even fall eyebrow hair loss, affect the eyesight, if the birth, pregnant women and children over-eating is also very easy to grow sores and boils. At the same time, because of the fresh apricot acidity, overfeeding is not only easy to increase the acid in the stomach to hurt the stomach caused by gastric disease, but also easy to corrode the teeth induced dental caries. As for the apricots that hurt more, 3 to 5 apricots per serving is considered appropriate. But the apricot made of apricot juice drink or soaked in water several times before eating, not only safe but also beneficial to health. For friends who love to eat apricots, in addition to control the mouth of gluttony, eat more processed apricots, dried apricots, etc., is the best policy.
Domestic and international culture of apricot
Domestic culture of apricot
The most famous is "peach, apricot, plum tree buried under the dead", why say "apricot hurt"? The "food scripture" said: "taste sour, hot", "do not eat, canker sores, injuries to the muscles and bones". Rihuazi Materia Medica says: "Hot and poisonous". Derivation of the Materia Medica" said: "Children especially can not be eaten, eat more canker sores and diaphragmatic fever. Life practice has proved that the sour taste of apricots make people "teeth down", the teeth are not good, strong acidity on calcium has a destructive effect on the development of children's bones may have an impact. Eating too much apricot at a time, but also can cause the evil fire inflammation, so that people nosebleed, eye mucus, rotten mouth and tongue, may also cause sores and boils, diarrhea. Apricots hurt people" is true and should not be eaten in excess. But just as the peach is harmful to people, the apricot is not bad for people. Peach, apricot, plum, the three fruits of the benefits and harm is relative. As far as the benefits of these fruits are compared with each other, the proverb is right. For each of them, it should be seen that they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Fruit is, after all, the auxiliary of life, when to choose its benefits and eat, in moderation and can be.
Apricots in foreign cultures
Australian aborigines used in the house; the British believe that dreaming of apricots will bring good luck; Turkey has a saying "There is nothing better than Damascus.
Taste: sweet and sour, slightly warm, cold, sharp, slightly toxic. Attributive meridians: into the liver, heart, stomach. Efficacy: quench thirst and produce fluids, clearing heat and removing toxins, the main cough against the upper air, gold trauma, epilepsy and so on. Contraindication: Not to be eaten by pregnant women. Indications: Raw apricot is easy to hurt tendons and bones, move phlegm and generate phlegm heat; children are prone to diaphragmatic heat sores and carbuncles when consumed. Almonds are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, have the effect of relieving cough and asthma, laxative. Almonds are bitter, sweet two kinds of almonds, sweet almonds than bitter almonds large and flat, favoring nourishing, mostly used for false cough or old man cough; bitter almonds for real cough. Folk with almonds, mung beans, round-grained rice ground into a pulp, add sugar to cook and drink, for the summer heat, heat and lung cool drink, called "almond tea".
Attached
Apricot leaves: 60 grams of apricot leaves, decoction, dysentery. Almonds: 1, almonds on the tile roasted and ground, sesame oil mix to apply the affected area, the treatment of yellow water sores. 2, almond powder, with sesame oil mixing application, the treatment of heat boils. 3, 10 grams of almonds, three slices of ginger, 60 grams of white radish, decocted with water to cure cough. 4, 12 grams of almonds, decoction, cough and asthma. 5, sweet almonds fried, chewing seven to ten grains every morning and evening, or add sugar **** pounded, boiled water, twice a day, for weak lung disease, old age cough, dry cough without phlegm.
The main treatment
1, cough cold and heat. With almonds half two, remove the tip of the skin, in the child stool immersed in seven days, take out, wash with warm water, research as mud, and add the child stool three liters of decoction as paste. Each serving of one cent, cooked water to send down. 2, the upper gas asthma. There are almonds, peach kernels each half a couple, remove the skin class, fried research, add water and mix raw noodles and into pills, such as a big wuling. Each serving ten pills, ginger honey soup sent down. To the extent of slight diarrhea. 3, wheezing and swelling, urinary drenching. With one or two almonds, remove the tip of the skin, boiled and ground fine, and rice porridge, empty heart eat two. 4, head and face swelling. With almonds pounded into a paste, mixing egg yolk coated cloth, wrapped head and face. Medicine dry and coated. Seven or eight times can be cured. 5, hemiplegia, loss of voice and speech. Swallowing seven raw almonds, increasing to forty-nine every day, week after week. After eating, drink bamboo leech until the disease is cured. 6、Phlegmatic cough with paralyzed throat. With almonds peeled, boiled yellow, take three points, add one point of cinnamon, research mud wrapped with pharyngeal juice. 7, throat heat sores. Treatment is the same as above. 8, lung disease hemoptysis. Forty almonds, yellow wax fried yellow, research a penny to join, mashed, wrapped in a cut persimmon cake, wrapped in wet paper, simmering and eaten. 9, hemoptysis. With sweet almonds on the yellow skin, burn the sex, research for the end. Each service three money, empty heart service hot wine sent down. 10, hemorrhoids blood. With almonds (skin type and double kernel) with three liters of water, grinding, filtering juice, decoction to five, with rice porridge to eat. 11, ear pus. With almonds fried black, pounded into paste, wrapped in cotton stuffed ear. Change the medicine three or four times a day. 12, sores in the nose. With almonds ground into a powder, mixing milk compresses coated. 13, insect teeth. There are almonds burned sex, research rot Na worm holes, people kill insects to wind, the pain will stop. Heavy two times can be effective. 14, cataract in the eye (but the pupil is not broken). With three liters of almonds, peeled, wrapped in three packets of face, simmering in the ash, remove the face, research rotten, press the oil. Take one cent each, add one cent of copper green, research well and point the eyes. 15: The eye is born with crossbow meat, either itching or painful, gradually covering the pupil. Use almonds (peeled) two and a half money, putty powder half money, triangular uniform, wrapped in cotton chopsticks dipped in medicine point crossbow meat. Another prescription: Use seven raw almonds, remove the skin and chew, spit in the palm, and then dip the head of cotton chopsticks into the medicine and point it on the crossbow meat when it is hot, but it can be effective in four or five times. Another prescription: use almonds to research paste, human milk to melt open, three times a day point. 16, pediatric umbilical rot into the wind. Use almonds to remove the skin and research and apply. 17, stopping food does not melt, gas full of swelling. With red almonds three hundred, twenty croton, the same fried color change, go to the beans do not use, research almonds for the end, orange peel soup. 18, vitiligo. With almonds with the tip of the skin, every morning chewing a few grains rubbing the affected area to make red, lying down and then rubbed once as the law. 19, the sores and pain. With almonds peeled, research, filtering cream, add light powder, sesame oil transfer, very effective.