Due to the different degree of fermentation, it can be divided into light fermented tea, semi-fermented tea, full fermented tea and post-fermented tea.
1, light fermentation
Tea without fermentation process is called green tea. Because it doesn't ferment, it smells natural, fragrant and refreshing, and its tea color is green.
Green tea can be divided into two types because of different processes: one is made by steaming green with steam and then drying it, which is called fried tea; Another green tea is made by frying green in a pot, such as Longjing tea and Zhucha. Fried tea will gradually fade and lose its flavor because of long-term storage, but fried green tea has less this shortcoming.
2. Semi-fermentation
In the production process, chlorophyll in tea leaves is destroyed and the fermentation degree varies from 20% to 70%, which is semi-fermented tea, such as Tieguanyin tea and Wuyi rock tea.
Semi-fermented tea is made by sun withering, indoor withering, frying, rolling and drying. So it has both the fragrance and sweetness of green tea and the color and fruity fragrance of black tea, which is very distinctive. Because of partial fermentation, the leaves of this tea present a special aesthetic feeling of "green leaves and red edges".
3. Full fermentation
Yes, 100% is fermented tea. Because the tea color after brewing is bright red or crimson, it is very distinctive. It is called black tea, such as Assam black tea. The aroma of black tea will produce completely different smells due to different kinds, which is hard to describe. However, the aroma emitted from the deep throat after drinking makes people feel refreshed and comfortable. However, the tea stains are heavy, so it is best to brush your teeth after drinking.
4. Post-fermentation
Black tea among the six major teas in China belongs to post-fermented tea. Picked fresh leaves need to be piled after being immobilized and twisted. Pile-fermentation is a key process in the production of black tea. After the tea leaves are twisted, they will be kept warm and moisturized and start to pile up. In this process, a large number of microorganisms participate in the transformation of tea ingredients, forming the unique mellow and smooth taste characteristics of black tea and the effects of losing weight and lowering health.
Tea brewing
1, green tea, 80℃-85℃, brewing time is 2-3 minutes. Green tea belongs to non-fermented tea, which wins by its fragrant taste and sweet aftertaste.
The more common ones, such as West Lake Longjing, Huangshan Mao Feng and Biluochun, are not suitable for freshly boiled water, and the water temperature is 80℃~85℃, and they should be drunk immediately after soaking. If the brewing temperature is too high or the time is too long, the polyphenols will be destroyed, the tea soup will not only turn yellow, but also the aromatic substances in it will be volatilized and lost.
2, oolong tea, 95℃- 100℃, 2-5 minutes is appropriate. Oolong tea is semi-fermented tea, such as Tieguanyin and Dahongpao.
You must use boiling water around 100℃ to soak oolong tea, and the amount of leaves you throw is relatively large, which is basically half or more than that of the pot or bowl you use. After soaking, cover it. When soaking oolong tea, you usually put the kettle on the side, immediately flush it when the water boils, and pour out the first bubble. You can moisten all the cups with the poured water, and then pour in boiling water for drinking.
3, black tea, 85℃-90℃, 3-5 minutes. Black tea is a fully fermented tea. Brewing with high temperature water can promote the effective dissolution of substances contained in black tea, which not only makes the taste and aroma stronger, but also can better play its health care function. For example, Jin Junmei, the water temperature for making tea is 85℃-90℃.
4, black tea, need to use boiling water, first wash the tea, and then brew. Black tea is called post-fermented tea, which goes through the special post-fermentation process of "pile fermentation", and the older it is, the more fragrant it is. Black tea, represented by Pu 'er tea, is brewed with boiling water of 100℃. Loose tea tastes easy, while pressed brick tea has to be cooked.
When brewing black tea for the first time, it takes 10-20 seconds to wash the tea quickly, that is, first put the tea leaves into the cup, pour in boiling water, pour out the water later, then pour in boiling water and cover the cup. This not only filters out the impurities of tea leaves, but also makes the tea soup brewed later more mellow. The subsequent brewing time is usually 2-3 minutes.
The above contents refer to:
Baidu encyclopedia-fermented tea
People's Network-Making tea is very knowledgeable.