1. Selection of improved varieties Selection of improved varieties is an important link in potato high-yield cultivation.
Second, cut into pieces to accelerate germination 20 days before sowing, and start to accelerate germination at the beginning of March. When the potato seeds are cut into pieces, each piece has at least one bud eye. 10- 15 piece/kg is appropriate. After cutting, dry mix with ash or carbendazim powder1:200 times to sterilize the seeds soaked in water. There are two methods to accelerate germination in seedbed after the seed blocks are dried: one is to accelerate germination with sand in the corner above room temperature 15℃, and one layer of sand is used to accelerate germination; The second is to dig a pit in the east-west direction in the outdoor ventilated sunrise to accelerate germination. The depth of the pit is about 25 cm. One layer of sand is suitable for planting blocks, and three layers are suitable. Then cover it with an arch shed film and cover it with a straw curtain at night to keep warm. The above two methods should be watered 1-2 times during germination to prevent drying. When the buds are 0.5- 1.0 cm long, start sowing.
Third, look at the soil moisture before planting. If the soil moisture is not good, irrigation ditch can be considered, and the soil moisture should be built 7- 10 days before planting. Potato planting is generally double furrow planting, and when ditching, large rows of 50 cm and small rows of 40 cm can be used. The expansion of potato stems requires loose and fertile soil.
4. When sowing with mulch, there are two ways to put the seed blocks into the ditch: one is that the seed buds are facing down, and the potato roots grown by this method are long in Miao Zhuang, and the potatoes are few but large, but the seedlings are 2-3 days late; Another method is that the seed buds are facing up. The potato roots grown by this method are relatively short, the potatoes are small but many, and the seedlings are 2-3 days earlier. After planting, take soil from both sides of the big row, cover the potato ditch and the space of the small row, cover it with micro-film and compact it tightly.
Five, the emergence of fresh air and seedling management after Qingming, about 20 days after sowing, that is, the seedlings are exposed to the soil, at this time, the microfilm can be broken at the seedling flushing place to prevent steaming seedlings. When the seedlings grow to a height of 10 cm, the film around the seedlings should be tightly pressed with soil to keep the water from watering the grass. Potatoes should not be watered in the early stage of growth, and then watered after seeing flowers. If there is no rain, it can be watered once every 10 day, and generally it can be ripened by watering for 2-3 times, and the watering should be stopped on 10 day before harvest. Prevent pests such as aphids or thrips at seedling stage.
VI. Scientifically Fertilizing Potatoes should master the principle of "before attacking, keeping the middle and controlling the tail" during the whole growth period. When 80% of the seedlings are unearthed, the quick-acting seedling-lifting fertilizer should be applied again, and Diguozhuangdiling should be sprayed at the seedling stage of potatoes to make the nutrient transport conduit of underground fruits thicker, improve the vitality of diguozi, smooth fruit surface, strong fruit shape, high quality and high yield. Potatoes like to use farmyard manure, and it is advisable to use 4,000-5,000 Jin per mu. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used together when applying chemical fertilizer properly. Potatoes need a lot of potassium, and the scientific and reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is1.85:1:2.1. Potatoes like to absorb ammonium nitrogen and have a higher absorption ratio of sulfur.
Seven, pest control potatoes mainly have late blight, downy mildew, bacterial wilt and other diseases in the middle and late stage. At the early stage of the disease, it was sprayed with 500 times of mancozeb and new high-fat film when the dew was dry in sunny days. It was found that the whole plant should be pulled up and burned centrally, and lime should be sprayed on the diseased point and its surroundings or irrigated with 0.5% formalin solution for disinfection, and then sprayed with 2000 times of agricultural streptomycin and new high-fat film for control.
Matters needing attention in potato planting:
1. In the process of potato growth, if necessary, topping can be used to restrain the crazy or vain growth of the seedlings, so that the seedlings can grow stronger and the potatoes can bear bigger.
2. When watering during the growth process, you can insert your hand into the soil to confirm the dryness of the soil, water it when it is dry, and keep the humidity normally.
3. Ensure illumination during growth. Good ventilation, otherwise there will be vigorous plants and small fruits.