Video of strawberry planting in greenhouse 1, field preparation
(1) field selection A field that has not been planted with strawberries for many years is selected as the production Honda of strawberries in the greenhouse.
(2) Apply sufficient organic base fertilizer in the field, and generally apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer1500 ~ 2000 kg as base fertilizer every 667 square meters about one month before planting, and plough and rake for many times.
(3) Choose sunny weather about 10 days before the border planting, and make the border under the condition of good soil fertility. Before the construction, 50 kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied as surface fertilizers, and phoxim granules 10 kg were applied every 667 square meters to control underground pests such as white grubs. The border is in the north-south direction (parallel to the greenhouse square), with 7 borders for each greenhouse, the width of each border in the middle 5 borders is 40-45 cm, 2 rows are planted in each border, the width of the next 2 borders is 1 5-20 cm, and the height of each ridge is 30-30 cm.
2. Planting
(1) The suitable planting period is mid-September, and it cannot exceed1early October at the latest.
(2) When the seedlings are raised, the nursery should be watered once before the seedlings are dug, so as to bring the soil mass well and minimize the root damage, and the seedlings should be planted in different sheds according to the size of the seedlings. If the seedlings are raised in nutrient pots, the plastic pots should be removed when planting, and the survival rate is higher.
(3) The planting density of "Fengxiang" variety in greenhouse is about 20 cm, with1800 ~ 2,000 plants per shed and 6,000 ~ 7,000 plants per 667 square meters.
(4) Directional planting "Directional planting" is adopted for the convenience of management, which can reduce diseases and improve fruit quality. Plant 2 rows per border in the middle 5 borders, and plant on both sides as far as possible (the row spacing is controlled at about 30 cm), and make sure that the bow back of strawberry seedlings is planted outside the border. Two beds on both sides of the greenhouse are planted in a single row.
(5) The planting depth must be moderate. The base of the new stem must be buried in the soil to facilitate the generation of new roots, but the center of the seedling (a little part of the outer leaf stipules) cannot be buried in the soil, so it is especially important to pay attention to the fact that weak seedlings cannot survive when planted, otherwise it will easily lead to the phenomenon of seedling death.
3. After planting management, water the roots immediately after planting, and survive for about 10 days. Combine with weeding to loosen the soil and root, and often remove the dead, old and diseased leaves, and do a good job of replanting in time.
(1) Laying black plastic film can keep the soil moisture, inhibit the breeding of weeds, reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse, isolate the strawberry fruit from the soil, reduce diseases, and keep the fruit bright, clean and hygienic. The laying time of black plastic film is generally 10 in the middle and late October. At this time, strawberries are basically alive, and weeding, loosening soil, bacon and replanting have been preliminarily completed. The laying method is to cover the ridge plants with black plastic film, tear a hole in the plastic film when touching the seedlings, and then carefully pull out the leaves, paying attention to exposing the central leaves of the seedlings, and the surrounding old leaves press the edges of the plastic film holes on the plastic film to make them close to the ground.
(2) Plastic film covers the greenhouse, and then the heat preservation begins. Generally, in Jinshan area, plastic film covers the greenhouse from the end of/kloc-0 to the beginning of1/kloc-0. When the temperature continues to drop to below 5 OC at night, a button should be added in the greenhouse. When the minimum temperature drops below 0 OC at night, a small shed should be built on the strawberry ridge.
(3) Temperature and humidity regulate strawberry growth and development. There are different requirements for air temperature in each period, which should be met as much as possible after greenhouse warming. Because the flowering and fruiting of strawberry cultivated in greenhouse are continuous and cross-going, it is generally not conducive to the flowering and fruiting of strawberry to maintain 24 OC～28 OC during the day and 6 OC～8 OC at night after budding, which is higher than 30 OC or lower than 5 OC. The air humidity in the greenhouse is very high, especially in early morning to morning or rainy weather, the relative humidity can reach 95 ~100%, which hinders flowering and pollination, is easy to breed diseases, and has serious gray mold and rotten fruit. Therefore, in addition to covering the ridge with black plastic film, straw should be laid at the bottom of the ridge to prevent water evaporation, and leeward ventilation should be carried out to the single skirt around 9: 00 on sunny days to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse to.
(4) Plant arrangement After strawberry is kept warm in greenhouse, the plant grows faster, and a large number of tillers and stolons germinate. If they are removed in time, the area of main stems and leaves can be increased, the top flower buds can germinate in time, and strong top inflorescences can be produced, which will lead to early flowering and good fruits. Generally, a strawberry keeps at most1~ 2 stronger tillers. Remove old, senile and diseased leaves in time.
(5) Gibberellin treatment is generally carried out about 7 days after the plastic film is covered in the greenhouse (in sunny weather). The purpose of spraying gibberellin is mainly to solve the phenomena of weak growth potential, creeping and dwarfing, small leaves, short petioles and short peduncles of strawberry plants. Take "Fengxiang" variety as an example, the concentration is generally controlled at about 7PPM, and the dosage is10 ~12kg solution for each standard shed. When spraying, it should be carried out in sunny weather. If the plant growth condition is not obviously improved after spraying, it can be sprayed again at the bud emergence stage.
(6) Strawberries with sparse buds and flowers are cymes with many flowers. The development and opening process of these flowers will consume a lot of nutrients, especially the flowers with higher grades. Even if they bear fruit, they are small and poor in quality, which has no economic value. Therefore, they should be sparse as soon as possible. Generally this work can be done after flowering. Mainly leave 1, 2, 3 flowers, first remove 4, 5 flower buds, black flowers (frozen flowers) and seriously deformed fruits. Generally, there are 6 ~ 7 fruits left in the top inflorescence of each strawberry, and the amount of fruits left in each inflorescence in the future depends on the growth and harvest. In short, the number of large and small fruits should not exceed 15 at the same time. Remove old leaves and harvested peduncles at any time in combination with bud thinning and flower thinning.
(7) Strawberry topdressing in greenhouse is generally applied 2-3 times after planting live trees and before and after covering with black plastic film. Every shed (180m2) is poured with1~1.5kg of urea dissolved in about 500kg of water. In the future, topdressing is mostly carried out outside the roots according to the seedling potential, and 20 kg of 0.5% urea is sprayed every 667 square meters.
(8) Prevention of black flowers will form black flowers after being damaged by low temperature freezing. If the buds meet the low temperature of-2 OC 7-8 days before flowering, the stamens will be damaged, and the pistils will be frozen to form black flowers when they meet the low temperature of-2 OC 3 days before flowering to one week after flowering. Therefore, the inner layer shed and small ring shed should be prepared before the severe cold comes to strengthen the heat preservation work. The lowest temperature in the shed at night is kept at 3 OC～5 OC, which can effectively reduce the formation of black flowers.
(9) Prevention of abnormal fruit The occurrence of abnormal fruit is mainly caused by many factors such as temperature, humidity, wind, improper spraying of drugs, etc. Generally speaking, it is caused by poor pollination. Therefore, the formation of abnormal fruit can be obviously reduced by strengthening the heat preservation and humidity reduction in the greenhouse in winter, avoiding spraying drugs when the inflorescences1~ 2 are in full bloom as much as possible, and feeding bees to pollinate in the greenhouse.
(10) Pest control The main pests and diseases of strawberry in greenhouse are grubs, gray mold, aphids, spider mites and rodents. Gray mold is the most serious damage to fruits. The occurrence of this disease is related to the weather and the temperature and humidity in the shed. Low temperature and high humidity are the main environmental factors that induce this disease. Therefore, doing a good job of heat preservation, humidity reduction and ventilation is the key to prevent the occurrence of gray mold. Carbendazim, Tobuzine and other fungicides can be used alternately for chemical control. If pests or rodents are found, corresponding pesticides or rodenticides can be used for prevention and control.
Distribution range of strawberries strawberries generally grow in areas with warm weather and are not tolerant of cold. Strawberries are native to South America and mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and America.