1. Morphological characteristics of plantain
1, annual or biennial herb. Straight roots are long, lateral roots are many, and some are fleshy. The rhizome is short. Basal leaves rosette-shaped, recumbent, oblique or erect; Leaf blade is papery, oval, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-12cm long and1-3.5cm wide, with sharp or slightly blunt apex, shallowly undulate obtuse teeth, irregular serrations or teeth at the edge, wide wedge-shaped to narrow wedge-shaped at the base, extending down to petiole, with 5-7 veins, slightly concave at the top, and obviously protruding at the back. The petiole is 2-6 cm long and the base expands into a sheath. More than 3- 10 inflorescence; Peduncle is 5- 18 cm long, with longitudinal stripes and sparse white pubescence; Spike is thin and cylindrical, with dense upper part and discontinuous base, 6-12 cm long; Bracts triangular-ovate, 2-3.5 mm long, concave, glabrous, with broad keel-like protrusions, wider than both lateral pieces, and not extending to the top.
2. Calyx is 2-2.5 mm long, hairless, with broad keel, which does not extend to the top. The front sepals are narrowly obovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, and the rear sepals are obovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic. Corolla white, hairless, corolla tube equal to or slightly longer than sepals, lobes small, ovoid or ovoid, 0.5- 1 mm long, reflexed after flowering. Stamens are inserted near the top of the crown tube, and the same style obviously extends outward. The anthers are oblong or broadly oblong, with a length of 0.6- 1. 1 mm, and a broad triangular protuberance at the top, which is white or greenish white when fresh and turns light brown after drying. Ovule 5. Capsule ovoid-elliptic to conical-ovoid, 4-5 mm long, with split base. 4-5 seeds, oval, flat ventral surface, long1.2-1.8mm, yellow-brown to black; Cotyledons are arranged in the dorsal and ventral directions. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
Second, the origin and distribution of plantain
1, Nanjing, Yancheng and other places. Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Henan, Hubei, Tibet and other provinces are all distributed. ? Harvest and storage: It can be harvested, cleaned, rarely used or dried all year round.
2. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet. Born in grasslands, river beaches, ditches, meadows, fields and roadsides, with an altitude of 5-4500m. Korea, Russia (Siberia to the Far East), Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Kashmir and India are also distributed. The type specimen is a cultivated plant in Berlin Botanical Garden, Germany.
Third, the pharmacological effects of plantain
1. Diuretic effect: Normal people take 10g Plantaginis decoction orally, which has diuretic effect, but the total volume of decoction and daily water consumption are not recorded, which is not strictly controlled. Normal people and rabbits taking Semen Plantaginis decoction have no obvious diuretic effect. Plantain seeds also have no diuretic effect.
2. Effect on joint capsule: Plantago asiatica decoction is injected into rabbit knee joint cavity by stages, which first leads to synovitis and then leads to connective tissue hyperplasia, so it is possible to restore the original tension of relaxed joint capsule and can be used for subluxation of temporomandibular joint in bed. The seeds of Indian ovipositor Plantago asiatica contain a lot of mucus, which can be used as a volume laxative and has the effect of lowering human serum cholesterol. Alcohol extract can reduce blood pressure of anesthetized dogs and cats, inhibit isolated rabbit hearts and frog hearts, and excite the intestines of rabbits, rats and guinea pigs. It can be inhibited by atropine, so it is considered to have cholinergic effects. Injecting 0.05-0.2 ml of 5% Plantaginis decoction into rabbit knee joint cavity can promote the proliferation of synovial connective tissue of joint capsule, thus restoring the original tension of loose joint capsule. Plantain seed decoction has no diuretic effect on normal people, rabbits and rats.
The above is the basic information of banana that I introduced to you. I hope it will help you.