The role of the oil tea tree 1, economic value
Seeds containing more than 30% oil for food and hair, adjusting the medicine, candles and soap can be made, can also be used as a substitute for motor oil. Oil tea and oil palm, olive and coconut and known as the world's four major woody edible oil plants. Oil tea has a high value of comprehensive utilization, tea seed meal contains tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide, tea seed protein, etc., they are chemical, light industry, food, feed industry products such as raw materials, tea seed shells can also be made of furfural, activated charcoal, etc., the ash of the tea tree to wash the head can kill lice, including insect eggs. Tea tree tree texture fine, dense, heavy, heavy in the hand, very hard, is to do gyroscope, slingshot the best material, and because of its natural texture of the tea tree, but also the production of high-grade wooden buttons of high-grade materials.
2, food value
Tea oil unsaturated fatty acid content of up to 90%, much higher than vegetable oil, peanut oil and soybean oil, and olive oil than the content of vitamin E is twice as high, and contains camellia glycosides and other specific physiologically active substances, has a very high nutritional value. Tea shells or a good edible mushroom culture medium. Studies have shown that the oil tea saponin and antibacterial and antioxidant effects.
3, environmental value
In addition, the oil tea is also an excellent winter pollen source plants, the flowering season is less flowers, early October to December, pollen is extremely rich. In the biomass energy source oil tea also has high application value. At the same time, oil tea is a tree species with strong anti-pollution ability, strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, resistance to fluorine and chlorine absorption ability is also very strong. Therefore, the scientific management of oil tea forest has the ecological benefits of maintaining soil and water, conserving water and regulating climate.
Foresting 1, land formation
Oil tea on the forestation of land requirements are not strict, but in order to high-yield and stable yield, the forestation should choose deep soil (soil thickness of more than 60cm, at least more than 40cm,), well-drained, good fertility, humidity, good air permeability, slightly acidic (pH range: 5.5?6.5) sandy loam, light clay loam, (limestone mountains can not be). planting). However, try to avoid planting in sandy soil that does not retain water and poorly drained land with a high sand content on hilltops, and to prepare the ground in the fall and winter of the year before afforestation.
1) full reclamation: in the flat or gently sloping land can be used full reclamation (slope in 15? within), can be in September or so, the whole land, depth: mountainous areas of 20 - 25cm, hilly 25 - 30cm. remove stones, roots and other debris, let the soil ripen in the sun, to rake the level of the mountain in November after the fixed point of digging holes, holes 6O?60.60cm.
2) Banding: More than 15? According to the row spacing to open a horizontal belt around the mountain, high outside and low inside, the width of the belt depending on the slope, the slope is wide with a small belt, the slope is narrow with a large belt, on the belt according to the plant spacing spot digging holes, specifications with the full reclamation.
3 block land: more than 20? less than 25? of the slope of the larger types of land, or soil and water conservation requirements of high ponds, reservoirs and transportation along the lot, should be used in the block hole reclamation, according to the level of the ring mountain? The character of the Zigzag arrangement of fixed-point digging holes, hole large general 5O?50?50cm, and increase soil and water conservation measures.
2, afforestation
Initial planting density, pure forest initial planting density of 2.5m?2.5m, 2.5m?3m, 3m?3m spacing is more appropriate. Planting density should be based on the conditions of the land type, species characteristics, business purposes. Soil fertility of the foothills and flatter land types, the use of 2.5-3?3m, that is, 74-89 plants per acre; soil fertility is poor and the slope of the land types, the use of row spacing 2-2.5?3m, that is, 89-111 plants per acre. In short, to determine the reasonable density of planting according to local conditions, the requirements of the oil tea into the results of the full production period of the coverage density of not less than 0.6, not more than 0.8.
The oil tea afforestation has planted seedlings and direct seeding two methods. Seedling afforestation in winter and spring, to spring is good. The main points are: topsoil into the hole, hole soil fine, conditional places before planting in the hole to put some organic fertilizer or soil fertilizer. Seedling stem square, slightly deep planting, root system stretching, layered tread tightly, so that the root soil close connection, covered with loose soil. The depth of planting of annual seedlings is 1cm above the grafted mouth of the oil tea seedlings.
The root neck should be below the ground 2cm ~ 3cm. to ensure survival, not planted overnight seedlings, planting before the tea seedling roots should be all evenly dipped in slurry, slurry is best used in paddy fields or ponds in the fertilizer field mud and pond mud. Afforestation seedlings should be selected first-grade seedlings or two-year-old seedlings, in order to facilitate the survival of the forest. In the oil tea afforestation should pay attention to the configuration of varieties, the area of more than 15 acres of more than 2 varieties, more than 75 acres of more than 5 varieties of seedlings configuration afforestation, varieties of flowering, maturity shall coincide, afforestation of the most suitable period is early to late February, the latest to be completed in mid-March. Container seedlings can also be carried out in the rainy season afforestation or fall and winter planting.
Direct seeding afforestation in winter and spring, winter sowing in l1?December, spring sowing in February to March, winter sowing is good. Winter sowing has the advantages of early rooting, fast sprouting, strong seedlings, strong drought resistance, but also eliminates the need for seed storage. Winter sowing 3 seeds per hole, triangular, sowing mulch thick 4?5cm; spring sowing mulch about 3cm.
Features and characteristics 1, morphological characteristics: oil tea is a small evergreen tree, up to 4?6 meters, short 2?3 meters. Flowers hermaphroditic, sessile, flowering in mid- and late October, after flowering until the following October the fruit can mature, so the oil tea tree flowers and fruits at the same time.
2, habitat conditions: oil tea like warm and humid climate, requiring an average annual temperature of 14?21 ℃, the lowest average monthly temperature shall not be less than 0 ℃, the highest average monthly temperature of 31 ℃, the relative humidity between 74?85%, the average annual rainfall of more than 1,000 millimeters, and the distribution of the four seasons is uniform, the sunshine of 1,800?2,200 hours. The soil requirements are not strict, adaptability is very strong, can tolerate the more barren soil, generally PH value of 5?6 acidic yellow soil is the most suitable. But loose, deep, well-drained, fertile sandy soil is particularly favorable to the growth and development of oil tea. Growing in the south or southeast, southwest of the sunny mountains of the oil tea, tree trunk stout, crown ovate, fruiting more, high yield. Oil tea is a deep-rooted tree species, the main root is developed, downward deep rooted more than 1.5 meters. Oil tea has sprouting tiller, regeneration ability, the use of this feature, you can carry out the old residual forest renewal and reconstruction, felling sprouting new branches nurtured into forests.
3, growth and development process
①New shoots: oil tea has spring shoots, summer shoots and fall shoots. The vast majority of flower buds are differentiated on the spring tips, and the spring tips account for more than 98% of the new tips. Before the fruiting period, the spring tips grow vigorously, and after the fruiting period, the spring tips grow more slowly.
②Flower: April began to differentiate flower buds on the spring tips of the year, early and mid-October for the first flowering period, late October into the blooming period, late November to December for the end of the flowering period. Each flower from opening to withering for about 5?6 days. The stigma is normal on the 1st and 2nd day of flowering, and begins to wither on the 3rd and 4th day. The pollen on the stigma on the 1st and 2nd day has the highest germination rate, the strongest viability, and the easiest to fertilize. The oil tea is generally insect pollination, and the effect of pollination by different flowers, especially different plants is good. The flowering period is warm and sunny, insects are active, and the fruit rate of flowering is high. Self-pollination and the fruiting rate at the beginning and end of flowering are low. Therefore, soil bees should be protected and released in the forest to increase the pollination rate and the amount of fruits.
③Roots: Roots begin to move in mid-February, late March to mid-April is the most rapid growth period, June?July growth is also fast, longer duration. late December to early February the next year root growth is very slow.
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