(1) Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a small deciduous tree belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum of Rutaceae, which is widely distributed in China. It is distributed in the northeast, south to the northern slope of Wuling, southeast to the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and southwest to the southeast of Tibet. Its cultivation value is extremely high. The peel can be used as seasoning, aromatic oil can be extracted, and it can be used as medicine. The seeds can be eaten and processed into soap.
(2) Advantages of planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum. 1, Zanthoxylum bungeanum is particularly drought-resistant, and can grow as long as the rainfall exceeds 400 mm. 2. Zanthoxylum bungeanum has low requirements for soil quality, and hills and mountains with poor soil conditions can grow. 3. Zanthoxylum bungeanum has fewer pests and diseases, so it doesn't need too careful management.
(3) High-yield planting technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum: 1, seed collection: middle-aged trees with strong tree vigor, no diseases and insect pests, high yield and no fruit bearing in alternate years are selected as seed collection mother trees, and the fruits are picked by hand with scissors from August to September. The harvested seeds are naturally dried in the shade in a ventilated and dry place, so as not to affect the germination rate. Collect after the peel cracks and the seeds come out by themselves.
2. Seedling raising: The seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are germinated before sowing. Generally, they are soaked in 1% washing powder for 2 days or in concentrated sulfuric acid for a while, and then they can be sown after being fished out and washed with clean water. The breeding nursery should be sandy soil or loam with good drainage and sunny leeward. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds should not be deeply sown, generally 2 ~ 3 cm. After sowing, cover with decomposed organic fertilizer, and water 1 ~ 2 days/time, so as to protect soil moisture, prevent hardening and improve the emergence rate.
3. Planting: It can be planted in spring and autumn, and it is necessary to dig a pit for planting. The size of the pit is suitable for stretching the root system. Into the pit's soil had better be cured by wind and sun, and then mixed with fertilizer to fill the pit. Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be sparse but not dense, and the density after maturity should be within the range of100 ~120 plants per mu in dry and semi-arid areas, and it should be about 60 plants per mu in areas with deep soil layer, good soil quality and moderate rainfall.
4. Fertilizer and water: Zanthoxylum bungeanum has developed root system and strong soil and water conservation ability. Therefore, moisture conservation measures should be taken in arid areas, supplemented by necessary base fertilizer and a small amount of foliar fertilizer to meet the needs of Zanthoxylum bungeanum for fertilizer and water. Generally, after autumn and spring ploughing, organic fertilizers such as 1 circle fertilizer and compost are applied respectively. The amount of fertilization depends on the age of the tree and the amount of fruit bearing, generally more than 20 kg per plant. Top dressing outside the roots starts from flowering, about 1 month 1 time, sprayed in the morning or evening, and sprayed 2-3 times.
5. Pruning: Zanthoxylum bungeanum likes light and shoots fast. Reasonable pruning can make the skeleton of the tree firm and the branches robust, with high and stable yield year after year. Pruning is best carried out in late autumn, removing the redundant branches at the base, leaving 3-5 main branches, completing plastic surgery after 4-5 years, and finally removing the central branch and opening the chest. Middle-aged trees should be stripped of pests and diseases, cross branches and long branches in the crown, and old trees of about 25 years should be pruned to remove big branches, weak branches and diseased branches.
(4) How to prevent diseases of Zanthoxylum bungeanum:
① Brown spot disease: at the beginning of the disease, yellowish and chlorosis spots appear on the leaves, and then gradually expand into irregular brown spots. When the disease is serious, it can cause the leaves to yellow and fall off, and it can be prevented by spraying Bordeaux solution and carbendazim at the beginning of the disease.
② Dry rot: Strengthening fertilizer and water management and reasonable pruning to enhance tree vigor can reduce the occurrence of this disease. After the disease, cutting the bark to xylem with a sterilization knife and applying Bordeaux solution or thiophanate methyl can effectively prevent the spread of the disease spots.
(3) Aphids: Aphids are often concentrated in shoots and leaves to suck juice, which affects photosynthesis and makes leaves yellow and curly. In severe cases, it can cause pepper to shed leaves in advance, and it can be prevented by spraying phoxim and killing pyrethrin.
(4) Papilio Papilio: The larvae feed on young parts such as buds and leaves, and in severe cases, the whole leaf can be eaten up. Artificial removal of overwintering pupae in winter and spring can reduce the population density in the coming year. When harm occurs, trichlorfon and dichlorvos can be sprayed for control.
⑤ Anoplophora longicorn: The adults of Anoplophora longicorn have the habit of resting on branches at noon, and can be killed by shaking. They can also be used to kill larvae with iron wire hooks or put aluminum phosphide (0.6g tablet of1/8 ~1/4) into insect holes, and then tightly sealed with sticky mud. They can also be controlled by spraying dichlorvos and trichlorfon.