According to the ecological conditions, distribution status and cultivation characteristics of pomegranate, pomegranate is divided into 8 main producing areas.
(1) Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu producing areas This area is the Huanghuai Plain, including Kaifeng City and fengqiu county City of Henan Province, Yicheng District and Xuecheng District of Zaozhuang City of Shandong Province, Huaiyuan County of Anhui Province and Tongshan County of Jiangsu Province. The annual average temperature in the area is 13.9 ~ 15.4℃, the annual precipitation is 628 ~ 90 1mm, the frost-free period is about 2 18 days, and the altitude is 70 ~ 150m. The soil is brown soil, cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil, and the pH value is 7. 1 ~ 8.5. The traffic conditions in this area are convenient, the main producing areas are well managed, with high yield and good quality, but periodic freezing injury (irregular for several years or more) and pests and diseases are the main obstacles to production in this area.
(2) Shaanxi-Shanxi producing areas include Lintong District, Weinan City and Ganxian County in Shaanxi Province, Xingyang City and gongyi city City in Henan Province, Linfen City and Yuncheng City in Shanxi Province. This area is the earliest pomegranate planting area in China, and it is also the center of communication, forming the famous pomegranate in Lintong and Yin He. Pomegranate is mainly distributed in the loess hilly area about 600 meters above sea level on both sides of the Yellow River. Besides fruit use, pomegranate also has the function of soil and water conservation. The annual average temperature in the area is11.8 ~13.9℃, the frost-free period is 2 10 ~ 220 days, the annual precipitation is 509 ~ 685 mm, the soil is yellow soil and brown soil, and the pH value is about 6.5. The centralized production area in this area is well managed.
(3) The middle reaches of Jinsha River. This area includes Huili County of Sichuan Province, the suburbs of Panzhihua City and Qiaojia, Yuanmou, Lufeng and Huize counties of Yunnan Province. Pomegranate is distributed at an altitude of 1300 ~ 1800 meters. The annual average temperature in the area is 15.4 ~ 16.9℃, the frost-free period is about 3 15 days, the annual precipitation is 750 ~ 900 mm, and the soil is gray red soil. The pH value is 6.5 ~ 7.5. Affected by the climate of Jinsha River valley, the annual growth period of pomegranate is about 1 month longer than that in the north. Under this ecological condition, pomegranate grows well and has good quality, and has developed rapidly in recent years. The main problem is inconvenient transportation.
(4) South Yunnan Production Area This area is the south of Hengduan Mountains, including Mengzi, Jianshui, Kaiyuan and Gejiu in Yunnan Province. Pomegranate is distributed in flat dams or hilly areas at an altitude of 1050 ~ 1400 meters. The annual average temperature in this area is 18.5 ~ 20.4℃, the frost-free period is 326 ~ 337 days, and the annual precipitation is 7 1 1.8 ~ 805.8 mm. The soil is mountain red soil and yellow soil, and the pH value is 4 ~ 6. Pomegranate has a long growth period throughout the year, and the fruit matures in June, which is suitable for pomegranate development.
(5) The Three Gorges production area includes Wushan, Fengjie, Nanchuan, Wulong and Fengdu in Sichuan Province. The annual average temperature 17.5℃, annual precipitation11/6mm, and frost-free period of 3 1 1 day. The soil is mainly purple soil and tidal soil. Pomegranate is mostly distributed in the surrounding areas with an altitude of 200 ~ 700 meters. Due to the tourism development of the Three Gorges, pomegranate as a characteristic economy has developed rapidly in recent years. However, long rainy days in May affect pomegranate pollination, and rainy days in the later period are easy to cause rotten fruit.
(6) The Yangtze River Delta production areas include Dongshan Peninsula and Xishan Peninsula of Taihu Lake, slopes and roadsides of islands in the lake and the surrounding areas of Taihu Lake, as well as Rugao and Nanjing in Jiangsu, Yiwu, Xiaoshan, Fuyang and Hangzhou in Zhejiang. The ecological conditions in this area are good, with annual average temperature 15 ~ 16℃, frost-free period of 220 ~ 240 days and annual precipitation 1000 ~ 1200mm. However, the rainy season in May and the rainstorm when pomegranate is ripe lead to low fruit setting rate and heavy rotten fruit in the later stage.
(7) Yecheng and Kashi producing areas in Xinjiang This area belongs to the edge of Tarim Basin, including Yecheng, Kashgar and Pishan. It is the westernmost pomegranate producing area in China and an independent distribution area for pomegranate cultivation in China. The annual average temperature in the region is11.3 ~1.7℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -22.7 ~-24. 1℃, the frost-free period is about 2 15 days, and the annual precipitation is 55. It needs to be buried in winter to prevent freezing. Drought and low temperature affect development.
(8) Sanjiang producing area This area belongs to Jishishan-Qilian Mountain Plateau. Pomegranate is distributed in the wild forest of Sanjiang Canyon in the southeast of Xizang Autonomous Region. It is mainly distributed on the banks of Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nujiang River and Chayu Valley in Gongjue and Mangkang, with annual precipitation of 1, 200 ~ 1, 600 mm and altitude of 1, 600 ~ 3000m, and it is a wild community on barren slopes and fields. There are sour pomegranate (99.4%), sweet pomegranate (0.6%) and ornamental pomegranate with few flowers and no fruit, most of which are scattered.