1, potatoes and yam belong to tubers.
Tubers are formed by the swelling of the top of stolons.
Tubers are rich in starch, which are storage organs and can be used as breeding materials. Many buds are arranged on it in leaf order, which is called "bud eye".
The bud eyes of potato tubers are generally arranged in a spiral shape according to 3/8 leaves, with fewer bud eyes at the base and more at the top, and residual leaf marks below the bud eyes, which are called "bud eyebrows".
The tuber of Chinese yam expands from the main stem to the top of the ground, with only one bud at the root neck and a large number of adventitious roots on the surface of the tuber. However, when potato seeds are cut and planted, adventitious buds can be formed in any part of the tuber, because the tuber of Chinese yam is in the middle between the stem and the root.
The formation and expansion of yam tubers are synchronized with the growth of stems and leaves, while potato tubers are formed after the growth of stems and leaves above ground and the elongation of stolons.
Tuber formation includes two stages: underground stolon elongation and apical swelling. Only under dark and humid conditions can the top of stolon be induced to swell and form tubers. The formation of potato tuber also needs short-day induction.
2. Lotus root belongs to rhizomes.
Rhizomes are abnormal rhizomes that grow and expand laterally underground. There are obvious nodes and internodes. New branches can sprout and adventitious roots can grow on nodes.
Lotus root is formed by expanding the top of underground stem by 3-4 nodes.
Lotus root can withstand strong sunlight, and short sunlight can induce rhizome swelling.
3. Fleshy roots
The fleshy root is an abnormal fleshy organ formed by the expansion of the straight root, which consists of three parts: head, neck and true root. The flower head is developed from the epicotyl, with short stems and dense buds and leaves. True roots are developed from radicles with two or four rows of lateral roots. The neck develops from the hypocotyl without leaves and lateral roots.
Different fleshy roots can be divided into radish type, carrot type and beet type. Radish-type fleshy roots are thrice thickened and formed by the division of parenchyma in secondary spermatozoa; Carrot type mainly depends on the secondary growth of vascular bundle cambium, without secondary cambium activity and tertiary thickening, and the number and thickness of phloem cells change greatly; Beet type is a concentric cambium formed by stele sheath and phloem. Each cambium divides inward into secondary xylem and outward into secondary phloem, forming vascular bundle ring. The suitable temperature for taproot expansion varies with vegetable species and ecotypes. Autumn radish 17-20℃, spring radish 2 1-23℃. The ground temperature is higher than the air temperature, and the suitable temperature is 2 1-23℃. Adequate sunshine is beneficial to the expansion of fleshy roots. In autumn and winter, the sunshine should be long in the early stage of radish, short in the root-expanding stage, short in the early stage of spring radish and long in the later stage. Sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and air permeability and strong water retention is beneficial to fleshy root hypertrophy.
4. Sweet potato belongs to the root.
Tuberous roots are formed by lateral roots or adventitious roots, which can form many tuberous roots, unlike fleshy roots which can only be formed by main roots.
Chinese cabbage, a plant that mainly eats leaves.
The main edible stems are ginger, asparagus and potato (tuber).
Radish and carrot are the main edible roots.
The main edible flowers are cauliflower and day lily.
Eggplant and cucumber mainly eat fruit.
Bean, a plant that mainly eats seeds.
Cauliflower, also called cauliflower. Cruciferae, Brassica plants. The basal leaves and lower leaves of the stem have long stalks, and the edges of the leaves have irregular serrations; The middle and upper leaves of the stem are sessile, the stem is supported at the base, and the leaf surface is gray. Usually, vegetable seeds do not bloom, and there is only one head at the stem end, which is an edible part. It is composed of numerous peduncles, pedicels and undeveloped flowers and bracts, white or yellowish and fleshy. In the second year, many sterile flowers grow under the inflorescence, and normal flowers bloom on the upper part. Fruit silique. Its main edible part is its corolla, that is, all the petals.