When Jiazi was ignorant, the dynasty swore an oath to Mu Ye, a commercial suburb. The king held a stick of Huang Yue in his left hand and a white palm in his right hand to persuade him, "Yi Yi, a westerner!" " Wang said, "Oh! I'm a friend of Tsuzuka's suggestion, Situ, SiDeng, Yalu, Shi Shi, commander of thousands, centurion and Yong, from Shu, Qiang, Kuai, Wei, Lu, Peng and Pu.
Weigh Ergo, Bilgan and Lirspear and give them an oath. The king said: "The ancients said:" There is no morning among pheasants; The pheasant's morning is just home.
"Today, Shang Wang only accepted women's words, but he ignored Jue Sifu and ignored the dishonesty of Jue and Wang's parents and brothers. But he just escaped many evils in all directions. This is a long-term worship, a letter and a special envoy. He thinks the doctor is a noble scholar. Give it to the people and rape it to commercial cities.
Today, I will only be punished for respect. It is generally believed that the food house system began in Shang Dynasty and was inherited by Zhou Dynasty.
King Wu Zhou mentioned "centurion" and "centurion" when he issued the pastoral oath. The army of the Zhou Dynasty also took chariots as its core, with/kloc-0 chariots, that is, horses. A horse is a light chariot driven by four horses, which is used to transport soldiers to attack enemy vehicles. Horses and their attached infantry are collectively called "riding", which is the smallest establishment unit.
There are three soldiers on the chariot, and the specific number of infantry assigned to them is 10 soldiers (3 get on the chariot and 7 fight under the chariot) and 20 serve according to the book Sima Law of Warring States. Every five times (150 people), it is organized into 1 team, which is commanded by servants; Every two teams (10 times 300 people) are commanded by "officials"; Every 10 team (50 times 1500 people) is compiled as a "pawn" and is commanded by the "pawn"; Every two soldiers (65,438+000 times 3,000) are organized as "divisions" and commanded by them.
Teachers are the basic units of the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that there were 14 divisions in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with an estimated total of 42,000 people. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the number of infantry riders increased from 25 to 50 and 75, among which the number of infantry riders of Chu Army was 100.
During the Warring States period, infantry gradually became the main force of the army, and the establishment of each country was different. According to the general view, every five infantry soldiers are classified as "Wu" and are commanded by a corporal; Five "Wu" (25 people) was compiled as "II" and was commanded by "Second Sima"; Four "Ers" were compiled as "soldiers" (100 people) and were under the command of "soldiers"; Five "soldiers" were organized as "brigades" (500 people) under the command of "brigade commanders"; Five "brigades" were organized into "divisions" (2,500 people) under the command of "Shi Shuai"; Five divisions were organized into "armies" (12,500 men) under the command of "generals".
When Guan Zhong set up an army in Qi State, he adopted the principle of "the army is unified in the interior and the army is unified in the suburbs". Specific contents: Taking social organizations as the basis of military establishment, combining administrative organizations with military organizations, and implementing five disciplines as the track, one track and one length in social organizations; Ten tracks are in it, and there is a director in the room; Four miles for a company, with a company commander; Ten companies are a township.
Corresponding to the military establishment, five households are one track, one household produces a strong man, and five people are companions. The track is long and handsome; Ten tracks are one mile, so fifty people are Xiao Rong, and there are commanders in the room; Four miles is a company, so 200 people are pawns, and the company commander is handsome; Shilian is a hometown, so two thousand people are tourists, and the lovers in their hometown are very handsome; Five townships are handsome, ten thousand people and one army, and all five townships are Shuai Shuai. It can be seen that the total number of an army is about 1 10,000.
Wei Infantry Establishment: 5 personnel, belonging to 10, 50 personnel, and land 100. The infantry establishment of the State of Qin consists of five people, of whom 50 are "captains", 500 are "five hundred masters" and 65,438+10,000 are "two or five hundred masters".
Infantry in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period usually take five people as a combat unit, and five people use bows, spears, guns, spears and halberds respectively. When fighting in column formation, short weapons are in the front, long weapons are in the back, five fighters are arranged in a square "two", and two Sima are middle commanders. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that the military establishment during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is usually divided into seven levels: the army, with12,500 personnel; Division, 2500 people; Brigade, 500 people; Single, 100; Partial subjects, 50 people; Two or 25 people; Wu, five people.
Each army has five divisions, each division has five brigades, each brigade has five soldiers, each soldier has two soldiers, each soldier has two soldiers, and every two soldiers has five squadrons. Most vassal States are divided into three armies: left, middle and right. Each army has two commanders, who are called military advisers or military assistants. The supreme commander of the whole army is the middle-level military adviser or the monarch himself. There are horses in the army. A horse is a light chariot driven by four horses, which is used to transport soldiers to attack enemy vehicles. Each car is also equipped with 72 infantry and 3 armored noncommissioned officers, a total of 75 people.
Therefore, a 1,000-strong army is a 75,000-strong combat force. In addition, there are wagons in the military logistics establishment. The so-called leather trucks, as the name implies, are mainly used for logistics supply, because they have awnings sewn with leather. They are also called heavy wagons and crosscutting wagons. Every two wagons are equipped with 5 people for storage, firewood and water, 5 people for breeding and 65,438+00 people for cooks, making a total of 25 people.
A thousand times is a total of 25,000 officers and men. The fighting in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was mainly chariot fighting, and the strength of a country was often measured by the number of personnel carriers.
People often say that there are100000 armored troops, which usually means there are 654.38+ 10000 officers and men. However, in the Qin Dynasty, Qin Jun's commanders were also equipped with short soldiers, who had the nature of guards. If the general dies, the short soldier will be punished; If one of the short soldiers can get the head of an enemy, he can get away with it.
Each Fortune 500 master can have 50 "short soldiers", and the master who commands two Fortune 500 masters can have 100 short soldiers. The number of short soldiers is commensurate with the salary. 800 stone wages can have 80 short soldiers, and 700 stone wages can have 700 short soldiers.
The national captain is short of soldiers 1000, and the general is short of soldiers 4000. In the military leadership system, at the end of the spring and autumn period, we realized the decentralization of state affairs, and the military command organization was mainly composed of generals.
During the Warring States period, generals began to fight independently, and the final distribution and use of troops was always in the hands of kings. In the armed forces system, the armed forces have a single structure, and many countries usually have only one army.
2. Seek a translation of ancient Chinese to make up for the death of Yuefu. My uncle's past lyrics, floating in wine, are not enough to analyze and solve problems. I will try my best to continue what Nan Sage said and write five or seven words to amuse myself. He not only told his thoughts, but also wrote down what he heard from his colleagues in a glass of wine. It is not easy to taste the feelings of ancient and modern things and steal them for the meaning in the article. What the ancients left behind is the first thing handed down today. Therefore, the current system can be used to make up for death. At first, Uncle Shen Shilian and Uncle steve chen lived in the dragon's house, with lotus flowers, rainbows, apples and clouds. Every time I get a solution, I teach my children grass. The three of us were drinking and listening, just for fun. Long Jun was sick and lying at home, and even his uncle was born. Yesterday's crazy and drunk sentences, together with two singers and wine envoys, have spread all over the world. There are many postal articles, and products are easy to escape. In July, it was made high. Chase only those who used to drink, get old or get sick. Try the joys and sorrows recorded in his article, such as magic as electricity, like dust in yesterday's dream, but it can hide the volume, feel the change of time, and sigh that the boundary is unreal!
Make up for a series of deaths and make up for the appearance of Yuefu. Uncle yuan went to float wine, and the lyrics of the sick world were not enough to analyze the anger after waking up. He tried to keep going south, and the rest made five or seven words to amuse himself. Not only described his thoughts, but also wrote what people who traveled together at that time wanted to ask. The feelings that once wanted to touch people's hearts were not easy in ancient and modern times. I think the significance of this book. People in the past couldn't give it to you, but now it's not passed on to you. So now it is controlled in the name of making up for the loss. At the beginning, I chose Lian Shuhe as my family, and there were Lotus, Hong, Ping, Shuo and Pinqing singing and talking guests. Give children some advice whenever they find a solution. The three of us listened while drinking. And you are a descendant of Lian Shu, lying at home because of illness. In the past, the saying of telling the truth after drinking and two families singing and drinking together was circulated among the people. I sent more emails from you, and these emails were tampered with. On July 12, it was edited and sent to Gao. Looking back, there are more people who drink than people who drink, and trees in some graves have grown, which does not match some diseases. The joys and sorrows recorded in his articles are as unreal as lightning, as the dust in the past was dreamt last night. As long as it can cover up the infringement, thank you for the change of time and the illusion of the environment!
3. Please help me write a classical Chinese lesson:
I am very happy and sincerely gratified to hear that my birthday is coming. I am anxious to send this letter and sincerely congratulate you. There is a saying in The Book of Songs: A gentle and graceful lady is a gentle and graceful gentleman. I dare not pretend to be a gentleman, but I am glad to be visited by your wife. I have known you for more than two years. I have been holding hands with you and waiting for you sincerely. However, there are some contradictions. Young people are thoughtless and often impulsive. Fortunately, they can give and take from each other, their feelings are getting deeper and deeper, and they are very happy. I am familiar with your temperament. I want to put food first. I deeply appreciate the joy of eating and drinking. I welcome dishes from all directions. I will try my best, make sincere efforts and have abundant financial resources, so you can enjoy delicious food.
Although I am not an elite, I have no outstanding talent. Only with a sincere heart can the world learn from it. For me, you are comparable to Boya and hippo chef, and you are a lifelong confidant. I hope to hold your hand and accompany you. It is true that the future is unpredictable. Even if it is difficult to stay together, I sincerely wish you peace and happiness.
Love is long and deep, and I can't say goodbye. Words are endless, and I pray for disrespect
(Bamboo slips should be carved vertically. Ancient people generally did not write punctuation marks. You can leave a little space for each sentence. Finally, don't forget to leave your money. I don't know what you usually call it, so I didn't write it. My level is limited, I can only write so much, please forgive me! )
There is a typo, and the beginning of "house building" should be "house building", which means a respectful name for women.
4. Kuang Heng can explain The Book of Songs with a short translation in classical Chinese. At that time, people made up a jingle saying: "No one should say the Book of Songs. He came, and the book of songs that Lao Kuang said made people's chin drop! " Ding is a nickname (because his interpretation of this poem is very accurate). At that time, people were both in awe and admiration of him, and no one did not laugh heartily after hearing it. Kuang Heng's hometown also has a translation of this poem. Kuang Heng went to argue with him and studied controversial issues. As a result, the man ran away without a coat and clogs. Kuang Heng caught up with him and said, "Please stay and listen to me. Let's start from the beginning." The man said, "I really have nothing to say!" " "So the man went away and never came back to say" poem ".
thank you
5. Read the following article in classical Chinese, and complete questions 36-40, B37, C38, D 39, B 40, (1). No, Guo Jun likes good people but can't appoint them. He hates bad people but can't let them leave. This is the cause of his death.
(2) Although Emperor Taizong did not drive away this beautiful woman, he attached importance to Wang Jue's remarks. (3) At that time, Tai Chang Shao Qingzu Sun Xiao was scolded by Emperor Taizong for teaching the imperial secretary's vocal music that did not conform to the emperor's wishes.
36. B. Consultant: Consultation, questions 37. C. "modification" of the previous "Er" table; The latter table is "tied". The two "nai" in item A are adverbs and translated as "unexpected".
The two "zhi" in item B are verbs, which are translated as "zhi" and "zhi". The two "Wei" in item D are prepositions, translated as "Wei" 38, and D(③3) shows the understanding of Tang Taizong's words, excluding B and C; (1) Write his rhetorical question about Tang Taizong's evaluation of Lu's dissolute behavior, aiming at guiding the emperor to think, not to say it) 39, B 40, (1) No, like good people but can't appoint them, hate bad people but can't let them leave, which is the reason for his demise.
(2) Although Emperor Taizong did not drive away this beautiful woman, he attached importance to Wang Jue's remarks. (3) At that time, Tai Chang Shao Qingzu Sun Xiao was scolded by Emperor Taizong for teaching the imperial secretary's vocal music that did not conform to the emperor's wishes.
[Translation]: Wang Jue, the word uncle, is from Qixian County, Taiyuan. Uncle Wang was a learned Confucian scholar at that time, and he had the ability to distinguish and judge people. He once told people around him: "The hope of our family is only pinned on this child."
In the last years of Emperor Wen's rule; Wang Jue became Feng Lilang. Wang Po was convicted and killed for Yang Liang's rebellion in Hanwang, and Wang Jue should be punished together, so he fled to Nanshan for more than ten years.
After Tang Gaozu entered Shanhaiguan, Wang Jue was appointed as the Prince's Scheeren, and soon he was transferred to Zhongyun. Prince Li Chengjian respects him very much. Later, because he was involved in the secret rebellion of the Crown Prince, he was exiled to Wa State.
After Li was killed, Emperor Taizong always knew Wang Jue's talent, so he was recalled and appointed as an admonition officer. Zhenguan two years, instead of Gao Shilian as a waiter.
Emperor Taizong once chatted with Wang Jue when he was free. At that time, beautiful women waited on him. She was originally the concubine of Li Yuan, the king of Lujiang. After Li Yuan's plot was exposed, she didn't enter the palace. Emperor Taizong pointed to the beauty and showed it to Wang Xuan, saying, "King Lujiang was heartless, killed her husband and took her as his concubine.
Extremely tyrannical, how can there be immortals! Wang Jue left his seat and said, "Is it right or wrong for your majesty to marry this woman?" Taizong said, "Kill and seize his wife; Why do you ask me right or wrong? " Wang Jue replied, "I heard it from Guan." When he arrived in Guo, he asked his elders, "Why did Guo perish?" The old man said, "Because he likes good people, he hates bad people." Duke Huan said, "If (Guo Jun) is a wise monarch as you say, how could he become extinct?" The old man said, "No, Guo Jun likes good people but can't appoint them. He hates bad people but can't let them leave. This is the reason for his death. "
Now that this woman is still with you, I think in private that you think Ethan is doing the right thing. If your majesty thinks this is wrong, it means that you know the bad guy and can't let him leave. "Emperor Taizong didn't drive away the beauty, but he attached importance to Wang Jue's remarks.
At that time, Tai Chang Shao Qingzu Sun Xiao was scolded by Emperor Taizong for teaching the imperial secretary's vocal music against the emperor's wishes. Wang Jue and Wen Yanbo remonstrated, saying, "Sun Xiao is good at melody, so don't be careless. He was afraid that the wrong person your majesty asked would disturb your majesty's audio and video.
Besides, Xiao Wen is an elegant man, and your majesty suddenly blames him for teaching women music. I'm afraid everyone in the world will be surprised when they know. Emperor Taizong was angry and said, "You are all my confidants. You should make loyal and honest remarks. Why do you obey your subordinates and deceive the emperor, but speak for Sun Xiao! " Yan Bo bowed down to apologize, but Wang Jue himself did not bow down, saying, "I served the former Prince of the East Palace and should have been put to death for my crime.
I forgive my life, don't think I have no talent, arrange me to hold important positions, and ask me to be loyal and upright. What I said today, was it personal? I didn't expect your majesty to suddenly accuse me of unfounded things. This is your majesty. I'm sorry. I'm not sorry for your majesty. "
Emperor Taizong was silent and broke up in discord. The next day, Emperor Taizong said, "Since ancient times, it has been difficult for emperors to accept admonition.
Once upon a time, Zhou Wuwang did not appoint Boyi and Shu Qi, and Zhou Xuanwang was a wise monarch; Du Bo is still innocent. I hope to get close to the sages of the previous dynasties day and night. Unfortunately, I can't catch up with the ancients. I regret blaming Yan Bo and Wang Jue yesterday.
Don't let this stop you from speaking frankly. "Zhenguan thirteen years, sick, died soon, at the age of sixty-nine.
6. Seek classical Chinese translation. I saw Jia Yi's argument. According to his planning goal, how can the achievements of Xia, Shang and Zhou far exceed it? When I met a wise king like Emperor Han Wendi, I still died of depression because I didn't do my best. At this rate, if there are no sages like Yao and Shun in the world, I can't make a difference for my life. Confucius is a saint. He has traveled all over the world. As long as he is not an extremely ruthless country, he wants to help him and hopes to practice his political ideas one day.
When he arrives in Chu, he will send You Ran to contact first, and then Xia Zi to contact. It is this desire that the gentleman hopes to be reused by the monarch.
When Mencius left Qi, he stayed for three nights during the day and then said, "Qi Xuanwang may call me." A gentleman can't bear to leave you, and his feelings are so deep.
Gong Sunchou asked Mencius, "Why are you unhappy?" Mencius replied, "Who else is there besides me in today's world?" Why should I be unhappy? "A gentleman loves himself in such a meticulous way. If you do this, and you still can't display it, then you should understand that there is really no monarch in the world who can work together for a great cause, and there can be no regrets.
People like Jia Yi don't think much of him, but Jia Yi can't use the Emperor to display his political ambitions.