Beijing's characteristics: quadrangles, hutongs, Peking Opera and cross talk.
Siheyuan is a traditional residential form in Beijing. It had begun to take shape in the Liao Dynasty, and gradually improved through the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and finally became the most distinctive residential form in Beijing. The so-called four-in-one, "four" refers to the east, west, south and north, and "combination" means that all the houses are surrounded together to form a "mouth" shape. After hundreds of years of construction, Beijing quadrangles have formed a unique Beijing style from the plane layout to the internal structure and detailed decoration.
The top ten hutongs in Beijing are Nanluoguxiang, Yandai Xiejie, Maoer Hutong, Guozijian Street, Liulichang, Jinyu Hutong, Dongjiaomin Alley, Xijiaomin Alley, Juer Hutong and Eight Hutong.
Peking Opera was once called Pingju, one of the five major operas in China, with Xipi and Erhuang as the main accents, accompanied by Huqin and gongs and drums. It was regarded as the quintessence of China and the "No.1" of China Opera Sandingjia.
Huizhou Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera. Since the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (179), the four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which were originally performed in the south, have successively entered Beijing. They cooperated with artists from Hubei, and at the same time accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qinqiang Opera, and finally formed Beijing Opera through continuous exchanges and integration. After the formation of Peking Opera, it began to develop rapidly in the court of Qing Dynasty, until the country of * * * got unprecedented prosperity.
Peking Opera has traveled all over the world and become an important medium to introduce and spread China's traditional art and culture. It is distributed all over China with Beijing as the center. On November 16th, 21, Peking Opera was listed in the "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".
Crosstalk, as a folk rap art, originated in North China and became popular in the Ming Dynasty. Today, there are three cradles of China crosstalk: Beijing Tianqiao, Tianjin Quanyechang and Nanjing Confucius Temple.
Different from other humorous performances, cross talk emphasizes rap, which is in the same strain as the Eight Banners culture. Lian Kuoru once said, "The art of cross talk is produced by the octagonal drum.
Extended materials
(Siheyuan) is an inner courtyard-style house surrounded by houses in the east, west, south and north. Beijing quadrangles, as the main architectural form that old Beijingers have lived in for generations, are well-known at home and abroad and are well known all over the world. First of all, it has a long history. Since the official capital of Beijing was established in Yuan Dynasty and the capital was planned and built on a large scale, quadrangles have appeared at the same time as palaces, offices, blocks, lanes and hutongs in Beijing.
according to Xiong mengxiang's analysis of Tianjin at the end of the yuan dynasty, "the metropolitan street system is called the meridian from south to north, and the latitude from east to west. The street is 24 steps wide, with 384 long lanes and 29 lanes. " Secondly, the composition of quadrangles is unique. Its courtyard is spacious and spacious, the houses on all sides are independent, and there are verandas connecting each other, which is very convenient for living; Closed houses make quadrangles have strong privacy, and closed doors come from heaven and earth; In the courtyard, all four doors open to the courtyard, and the family and the United States are happy; The spacious courtyard can also plant trees and flowers, feed birds and fish, and stack rocks and scenery, so that residents can enjoy the beauty of nature.
In addition, although quadrangles are residential buildings, they contain profound cultural connotations and are the carriers of Chinese traditional culture. The construction of quadrangles pays great attention to geomantic omen and geomantic omen theory, which is actually the architectural environmentology of ancient China and an important part of China's traditional architectural theory. The decoration, carving and painting of quadrangles also reflect folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, showing people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, affluence and auspiciousness, such as the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters, which means "both longevity and happiness"; The pattern of Chinese rose flowers in the vase means "peace in the four seasons"; The auspicious words embedded in the door hairpin and the door head, the couplets attached to the pillars, and the masterpieces of calligraphy and painting hanging indoors are the ancient teachings of sages and philosophers, adopting famous sentences from ancient times to modern times, or praising the beauty of mountains and rivers, or learning to live in the world, or chanting the ambition of a swan, which is elegant and full of rich cultural atmosphere, like a hall of traditional culture in China.