the best time for Zhangzhou tulou: the overall climate is mild, with abundant rainfall, belonging to maritime climate. It is hot in summer here, and it is generally above 3℃ in July and August. The temperature in winter is often lower than 1℃; The annual average temperature is 21℃. The sunshine is long and the sun is abundant, so Xiamen is full of flowers and trees all year round.

Zhangzhou tulou is located in Nanjing, Hua 'an, Pinghe, Zhao 'an, Yunxiao, Zhangpu and other mountainous areas in Zhangzhou. It is known as a mythical mountain building because of its strange shape and unique style. Tulou, formerly known as barracks, castles and cottage buildings in Chen Yuanguang in the Tang Dynasty, is the product of the special social environment in which southern Fujian was in conflict with foreign invaders and thieves. Zhangzhou earth building is made of raw soil as the main material, mixed with lime, fine sand, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wooden strips, etc., and it is generally three to five stories high. The first floor is a kitchen, the second floor is a warehouse, and the third floor is a living room, which can accommodate 2 to 7 people. It has the characteristics of living in groups, theft prevention, shock prevention, animal prevention and so on. There are nearly 2, tulou dwellings in Zhangzhou, and there are more than 1,3 in Nanjing County alone, which is called Tulou Kingdom. It is also the place with the largest number of earth buildings in the country.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Yuan people withdrew from the customs, but the coastal enemies and pirates invaded the cities and towns of Zhangzhou repeatedly, looting and burning, and the people were restless. Many villages imitated the acropolis model and gathered together to build earth buildings to defend themselves. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zheng Chenggong led the army and the Qing army to fight a tug-of-war in southern Fujian, and many earth buildings and stone buildings were built by the people to settle down. There are round, square, rectangular, oval, arc, octagonal, square-shaped and Wufeng buildings in Zhangzhou, and a large number of them are square buildings and round buildings. Zhangzhou Tulou dwellings first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Qiaocun Yong 'an Building in Shuyang Township of Nanjing was built in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, and Yuchang Building and Jiguang Building in Xiabanliao Village of Shuyang were built around the end of the Yuan Dynasty (around 1368), which has been more than 6 years since. According to the statistics of Nanjing County, there are 27 tulou buildings built more than 4 years ago, 37 tulou buildings built more than 3 years ago and more than 13 tulou buildings built more than 2 years ago. The largest tulou is Yuchang Building, Shuyang Township, which is five stories high, with 54 rooms on each floor and 27 rooms.

The tallest earth building is Square and Guilou in Meilin Township, with five floors, 21.5 meters high and 14 rooms. Earth-building residential buildings are mostly located in sloping fields near mountains and rivers or valleys near streams, or in the geographical environment where mountains, water, fields and buildings are in harmony. Tulou Group in Tianliaokeng of Shuyang Township, Tulou Group in Hekeng Village of Qujiang, Tulou Group in Taxia Village, Tulou Group in Xiaban Village and Tulou Group in Houqiao Village are all built on hillsides and valleys along streams, with beautiful natural environment and unique rural scenery in southern Fujian. Huaiyuan Building Huaiyuan Building is located in Xiaokanxia Village, Meilin Township, Nanjing County, and was built in the first year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (199). It is a beautifully built and well-preserved medium-sized garden earth building. In 1988, it was listed as a county cultural relics protection unit. The building is 13 meters high and 38 meters in diameter. The ground floor of the round building is built by river pebbles and concrete, which is more than 3 meters high. The second floor above is an earth wall, and the wall is solid and firm. The Round Building is open every 34 years, with 136 rooms on 4 floors.

the room is 3.1 meters wide and 3.5 meters deep. There are open corridors on the first to fourth floors, with sufficient light and ventilation. There are many small windows on the fourth floor for defensive shooting. There are four outposts on the fourth floor, which highlight the defense function. The entrance to Huaiyuan Building is a circular patio. Opposite the gate is a ancestral hall with four frames and three rooms, which is called "Si Shi Shi" and is also a private school for children to study. "Si Shi Shi" is exquisite in architecture, elegant and delicate. In the hall, there is a couplet on the seal script that slips gold: "When the moon passes, the flowers move and the shadows move, and the wind comes to the bamboo. The book is eternal, and the flowers and trees are in the spring. " "Si Shi Shi" is full of scholarly atmosphere, reflecting the desire of "farming and reading to pass on the family". "Huaiyuan Building" was built by Jane's family. There are 115 people living in 18 families of Jane's. Changyuan Building Changyuan Building is located in Shi Qiaocun, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County, and was built in the first year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1723). Changyuan Building is a square earth building, which is located on the bank of Xixi tributary of Jiulong River and built according to the slope of the river bank. Form green hills, green waters, earth buildings and people's gardens. The wall of Changyuan Building near the stream is built with pebbles from the stream bank, with only one floor, ten bays, three floors and thirteen bays in the central main building, and the wings are composed of two floors and three floors, forming a square earth building with low front and high back, which is also called "the top floor" by locals.

in order to prevent invasion, the first floor is closed around, with only one door on the left. There is a courtyard in the building, facing the courtyard in the middle is the ancestral hall, with kitchens and warehouses on both sides, bedrooms on the second and third floors, and an open cloister, which has a wide view and excellent ventilation and lighting. The whole building of Changyuan Building conforms to the landform and is integrated with the natural environment, which embodies the intelligence and skills of earth building. Japanese architectural experts call Changyuan Building "sloping earth building". Domestic scholars of tulou think it is a variant of Wufeng Tower. There are 53 Changyuan Building, with 3 people living in seven Zhang families, and the number of descendants of this building who are overseas Chinese in Taiwan Province or overseas is far more than those who stay in their ancestral homes. Hegui Building and Guilou Building are located in Pushan Village, Meilin Township. They were built in the tenth year of Qing Yongzheng (1732) and are the tallest rectangular earth buildings in Nanjing County. The building is 5 stories high and 21.5 meters high. Each floor has 28 rooms and * * * has 14 rooms. There is a gate in the middle of the building, and there are stairs up and down in the east, west, north and south.

The patio is paved with pebbles, and there is a well on the left and right, with sufficient water for the whole building. In the center of the courtyard, a three-hall school is built. On the door of the school, the words "Promoting learning and benefiting the future" are written on a wooden tablet, reflecting the grand aspiration of respecting learning and attaching importance to teaching and cultivating talents with your ancestors. And your building is tall and magnificent, majestic and solid, quite like an ancient tower. There are 22 families with more than 12 people living in the building. Yuchang Building, Yuchang Building is located in the village festival club of Banliao Village in Shuyang country. It was built in the late Yuan Dynasty and has 27 rooms on five floors. It is the oldest and largest round building. The building site was originally a swamp, which was dumped after completion, and then rebuilt after laying a large number of pine reinforced piles. The wall of the building is 1.5 meters thick, and the walls in the building are all built with Chinese fir. Due to the age, the wooden pillars of the cloister in the building are partially inclined, but they can still stand the test of repeated earthquakes.

A semi-circular two-story building is built in Yuchang Building Grand Courtyard. There are 13 wells in the building, all of which are dug in the kitchen. The water source is full, and the bucket can be hoisted to the water one meter below the well. Yuchang Building is surrounded by mountains and streams, and the environment is quiet. There are 11 people from 18 households named Liu living in the building. Tianliaokeng Tulou Group Tianliaokeng Tulou Group is the most spectacular scenery among many tulou in Fujian. Its pictures have appeared in many media at home and abroad and are world-famous. The five earth buildings in Tianliaokeng are located on the hillside in the canyon, surrounded by terraced fields. Looking from the bottom up, the five earth buildings are strewn at random. Looking down from a height, the five earth buildings are like a plum blossom with four petals. In the middle is a square building, built in the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, called "Buyun Building", with 84 rooms on three floors. Surrounded by four round earth buildings, they are called "Hechang Building", "Zhenchang Building" and "Wenchang? "Ruiyun Building". Established in 1952, 193, 1966 and 193 respectively.

"Wenchang Building" was built with 96 rooms on the third floor of the oval building, which was restricted by the terrain and adapted to local conditions. This is the only oval earth building in more than 1 earth buildings in Nanjing County. The layout of the Tulou Group in Tianliaokeng is unique. Shiqiao Tulou Group Shiqiao Tulou Group is located in Shuyang Shi Qiaocun at the foot of Tianling Mountain in Nanjing. Nearly 2 square and round earth buildings are built along the stream on the slope in the valley, which is a big landscape to build earth buildings according to the geographical environment. Guqiao Village has the oldest earth building "Yong 'an Building" in the county, the inclined earth building "Changyuan Building" which attracts many experts and scholars at home and abroad, and the largest round earth building "Shunyu Building" in the county, with 288 rooms on four floors and a patio diameter of 59 meters. Hekeng Tulou Group Hekeng Tulou Group is located in Qujiang Hekeng Natural Village, Shuyang Township. There are fifteen new and old earth buildings with more than three floors, which are built on the gentle ground along the stream less than one kilometer in the valley of Fiona Fang, and are the most densely distributed places of earth buildings. Overlooking, the earth buildings are dotted among the beautiful mountains and rivers. It is another landscape of tulou community. Er Yi Lou Er Yi Lou, Dadi Village, Xiandu Town, Hua 'an County, is the first ancient round building listed as a state-level cultural relic protection unit. It is an outstanding masterpiece of Fujian earth buildings and was once called "the treasure of round buildings" by Taiwan Province's United Daily News and han sheng magazine.

The door of Er Yi Lou faces west, and the word "Er Yi Lou" is engraved on the stone tablet on the threshold, which is 4 cm square, and it is close to Zhao Ti without being gentle and charming, and the thin gold body is a little weak and unique. " The word "Er Yi" has the meanings of "Yi Shan Yi Shui, Yi Jia Yi Shi, Yi Nei Yi Wai, Yi Xiong Yi Di, Yi Zi Yi Sun, Yi Wen Yi Wu". This plaque has been included in the book "Famous Chinese Plaques". Er Yi Lou is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the back of the building is mountainous, and the nearby hills are rolling like centipedes. The terrain in front of the mountain is gentle and open, and two clear streams meet in front of the building and go straight to the southwest. Bridges, pavilions, bamboos and cottages are dotted in it, and the scenery is beautiful. The green mountains and green waters complement each other with the yellow walls and black tiles of the building, so it is called "Yi Shan" Eryi Building was built in the thirty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong (177), and the founder was Jiang Shixiong. He ranks second in the family, brawn superman, and is an expert in land reclamation. He has cultivated hundreds of acres of land in Anxi and Zhangping, and accumulated some wealth. After marrying and having children, I want to build a inheritance for future generations.

He hired a surveyor to choose this treasure trove of geomantic omen for him, and it took him 12 years to build this building at great expense. The plane diameter of the building is 73.4 meters, the outer ring building is four stories high and the inner ring building is one floor. It is evenly and equally divided into 12 units, including 192 rooms except doors, halls and stairways. Today, it is well preserved, and it still lives for the Chiang family, with more than 22 people living in 36 families. Its spatial structure is quite reasonable. The flat house in the inner ring is "penetrating the sky", with kitchen, dining room and living room. The first to third floors are bedrooms and warehouses, and the fourth floor is the ancestral hall, with stairs up and down. In the center of the building is the inner courtyard of the public place, covering an area of 6 square meters, with only two wells and many stone pillars more than 2 meters high, which can dry clothes and crops. It has the advantages of two kinds of circular buildings, namely, the inner corridor type and the unit type. It is wind-resistant, earthquake-resistant, warm in winter and cool in summer, both public and private, stable and comfortable, so it is called "a suitable home and a suitable room". The residents in the building are in their own world, the outdoor is the family world, and the outside is the green countryside. They work at sunrise and rest at sunset, leading an idyllic life, which is really "suitable for the inside and suitable for the outside".

the architectural pattern of eryi building is "unifying the world and sharing the space equally", which is very conducive to the unity within the family, giving play to its functions of cohesion, unity, restriction and guidance. It is also appropriate to say that it is "suitable for brothers and younger brothers" and "suitable for children and grandchildren". The outer ring building of Eryi Building is 18 meters high, with no windows on the first to third floors, and only small windows and holes on the fourth floor, and the bottom wall is 2.5 meters thick. The dome-shaped gate is built with granite strips, with double door panels, iron plates riveted on the inner layer, double latches behind the door, and water and sand leakage devices at the top of the door, which can prevent fire and attack. On the fourth floor, there is a "hidden corridor" that runs through the whole building between the mud wall and the board wall, and there are small doors that communicate with the households. Very scientific in overall design. The ancestral hall is located in an important position at the end of the central axis, with refined beams and columns, bright colors, simplicity in central China and simplicity. It is no exaggeration to say that it is suitable for literature and martial arts.