Xinxing dialect
Xinxing dialect belongs to Cantonese dialect, which is the common language of Xinxing County, and its daily population accounts for more than 90% of the county's population. The formation of emerging dialects has roughly experienced three historical periods. First of all, the entry of Han immigrants in Qin and Han dynasties brought the "elegant language" of the Central Plains into a new area. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Qin Jun occupied Baiyue. It turns out that fugitives from the six countries, as well as their husbands and wives, moved to Lingnan for "cultivation". "Ken" is the first batch of Han immigrants in history. Qin established three counties in Lingnan, namely Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun. At that time, Xinxing District belonged to Nanhai County. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC11), counties were established in emerging areas, and in the seventh year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (35 1). During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred in the Central Plains, followed by the "Five Wild Rebellion". A large number of Han people in the Central Plains moved south, and the number of emerging Han people began to increase. A new dialect based on "Yayu" in the Central Plains has formed and become the dominant language in the region. Second, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Xinxing became the main place for the imperial court to demote officials and exile. In the 14th year of Ming Jiajing's reign, the First Draft of Guangdong Tongzhi listed 22 celebrities who lived in Zhaoqing during the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhaoqing Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of 12 counties such as Xinxing County. Of these 22 people, 14 live in Xinxing County, and 5 of them are prime ministers. During their residence in Xinxing County, they set up schools and spread the culture of the Central Plains. The Mandarin they speak has a certain influence on the emerging dialects. Third, during the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, there were large-scale Han immigrants. At present, most ethnic groups in Xinxing County have entered the emerging market from Nanxiong Zhuji Lane via the Pearl River Delta. After living in the Pearl River Delta for a period of time, these immigrants entered the emerging dialect, which made the emerging dialect more or less influenced by the language of the original place of residence. In the division of Cantonese, some scholars classify Xinxing County as "the peripheral or remote area of the Pearl River or Xijiang River basin", which is basically the same as Guangzhou dialect in pronunciation and vocabulary. Talk to Guangzhou people and communicate directly. "
The geographical location of Xinxing County is very special: it belongs to Gaoyao of Guangdong film (Guangfu film) and Foshan is in the northeast; To the east and southeast are Heshan (Heshan Yayao belongs to four cities), Kaiping and Enping; Yangchun in the southwest belongs to "Yang Liang Monument" or "Gao Lian Monument"; Northwest and north are Yun 'an County and Yuncheng District, both under the jurisdiction of Yunfu City. Passing through Yun 'an County and Yuncheng District to the north and northwest are Yun 'an, Luoding and Deqing, which belong to "Goulou". Xinxing County is a transitional zone bordering several major Cantonese-speaking areas. The characteristics of geographical location are often closely related to the characteristics of dialects. Xinxing County is located at the junction of several major Cantonese dialect areas, and naturally becomes a dialect point connecting the characteristics of East, West, North and South. The grammar of emerging dialects has some characteristics, which are a mixture of eastern dialects (Cantonese dialect), western dialects (Gao Lian dialect) and southern dialects (Siyi dialect). Compared with Guangzhou dialect, Xinxing dialect retains the characteristics of "elegant language" of ancient Han nationality. Emerging dialects vary from town to town in the county, forming several regions. County Dialect: New Town, Chegang Town, Taiping Town, Integration Town, East Cheng Zhen Town, Dajiang Town, Bamu Town, Liang Dong Village and Lidongwei Area. Rencun dialect: south of Rencun town. Shuitai dialect: Shuitai Town. Wudong dialect: south of Lidong town. Paradise Dialect: Near Paradise Town and Hetou Old Street.
Hu Hua
From the Tang Dynasty War to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a large number of Han people went to Guangdong through Hengpu Road or the passage from Gannan to Shibi, Fujian, Meizhou, Huizhou or Guangdong, which was the way for Hakkas to migrate. After a long migration, the language they spoke slowly developed into a dialect-Hakka dialect. Because Hakka people have orthodox consciousness, their language has remained stable, neither influenced by the evolution trend of Chinese in the Central Plains since Jin and Yuan Dynasties, nor easily assimilated by Cantonese. The Hakkas in Xinxing County are immigrants from Meizhou. Neihetou Town and Luozhu Town in the county are relatively concentrated areas of Hakkas, and there are also Hakkas living in Shuitai Town, Chegang Town, Taiping Town and Paradise Town. By 2000, there were more than 30,000 Hakkas in the county, accounting for 7% of the county's total population, distributed in 140 natural villages. They speak "Hakka dialect" with Meicheng accent in Meizhou City (Meijiang District and Meixian District) in daily communication and "emerging dialect" in foreign communication. ① Drama
On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were more than 20 amateur Cantonese opera classes composed of farmers in Shuidong, Rencun, Dawen, Shefeng, Batang, Bitang, Bumao, Pengshan and other villages in the county, performing Cantonese opera in ancient costumes for the masses. In folk festivals, Cantonese opera classes are responsible for playing eight tones and singing Cantonese songs. Among them, the "Lian Chaoqun" octave class on the east bank of Shuidong has the best sound art and is known as the first class in the county.
1956, there were more than 70 amateur Cantonese opera troupes in the county, and their plays included White-haired Girl and Wang Xiuluan. From 1958 to 1977, the county organized 13 performances, with 3580 participants from 66 teams, and performed 477 programs such as Cantonese opera, song and dance and folk art. It also organized amateur authors to create more than 70 programs/kloc-0, such as Cantonese opera, one-act drama, drama and Allegro, and carried out mass self-editing and self-acting activities. Up to 1985, a total of 185 plays have been created, and 5 18 shows of Cantonese opera, song and dance and folk art have been performed by amateur troupes and performance teams.
② Dance
Lion Dance: Every village in the county has a tradition of setting up a museum to learn martial arts, and lion dance is also attached to the museum. Perform lion dance stunts such as "The lion comes out of the hole", "The lion rolls the ball" and "The lion picks the green" on festive days such as the Spring Festival and National Day (see Chapter 43 Sports for details).
Dragon dance: a folk dragon dance activity, which is regarded by the masses as a symbol of good luck and prosperity. The east bank of Shuixian County is good at making fire dragons, while people in Cangxia Town of Chengguan Town and Liang Dong Town of Bamu Town are good at tying golden dragons and dancing dragons. After 1979, there will be performances on National Day and Spring Festival.
Dance: 14 (1925), after the school started in Yude Girls' Primary School in Xinxing County, a dance teacher was hired from Guangzhou to return to the county to teach students to dance, participate in various gatherings in the county and perform Angel of the Vineyard and other children dance. After 1970, in order to develop children's intelligence and discover artistic seedlings, county cultural centers often hold experimental classes and dance training classes for children.
③ Music
People in emerging areas have the habit of singing folk songs. This legend originated in Liu Sanmei. Zhaoqing County Records in the Qing Dynasty recorded: "Liu Sanmei was born in Tang Zhongzong at the age of twelve, and he was good at singing and dancing, swimming between two streams and one cave in Guangdong. Solve all kinds of barbarians and sing with a teenager in Baihe Township. People looked around for seven days and seven nights, and the songs were endless and turned into stones. "
There are many kinds of emerging folk songs, including county folk songs, paradise folk songs, bride songs, whispering songs, jumping off a building songs, tea picking songs, blind public tunes, sad songs and so on. Folk songs have a long history, strong flavor of life, fluent language images and tunes, and most of their contents reflect the lives of the lower classes and people's joys and sorrows. During the Republic of China, they were widely circulated.
During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the county people's education museum gathered folk artists and students from various schools to organize singing teams, and sometimes called the masses to hold literary evenings in the county town to publicize anti-Japanese and national salvation activities with songs and folk arts. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the county collected and sorted out folk songs, and carried out folk songs and cultural performances throughout the county. After 1980, music activities became increasingly active. There are "children's violin classes" and "shepherd boy flute classes" in cities and towns. Some institutions, schools and factories have organized adult singing teams to enrich cultural and entertainment life.
The county cultural center collectively created some songs. Gu Jianmin's "Run, Xinxing Station" won the provincial creative award.
Excellent works in Quyi include Confessions of Li Lianchang (published in Quyi magazine sponsored by Chinese Quyi Association in August, 1982), Secretary's Garden Visit, Looking for Cows, Bitter and Sweet Hand in Hand with Li Xiang, Painter (Crosstalk), Good Hunter (Crosstalk) and Hu. In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu of Bailutai Site (BC 196), Zhao Tuo, king of South Vietnam, came to hunt and built Bailutai. Located at the Xiangshan Mountain Mouth on the east side of Yuewangdian Village (now Nantang Village), 6 kilometers away from the county seat. Many people in the past dynasties paid tribute to this stone at this moment. Site area180m2. There are still fragments of Bourgois in Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty.
Yuncheng site planted bamboo as a city. In the seventh year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (35 1), he was the county magistrate, state magistrate, county magistrate and warehouse supervisor. The official residence is outside the city, and now it is Zhongshan Park. In the twentieth year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 150), the governor Wang Ji narrowed the city and expanded it to the south of the city 1 Li, and the east and west were half a mile. At the same time, bamboo is planted on the whole soil base, and the circumference of the city is 65,438+0,484 feet. Tomorrow, in the seventh year (65,438+0,463), the magistrate Dong Yu built a 649-foot brick city in Tucheng, and later built it many times. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), the city site was demolished and the ring road was rebuilt, with a total length of 223 1 meter. Today, there are two banyan trees planted 500 years ago in Zhongshan Park, and there are two red sand lions in the Ming Dynasty at the door, both of which are relics of the county official's son.
In the seventh year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (35 1), the former site of Shandie County was established. It was abolished in the first year of Tang Tianbao (742). The place of county governance is Shandie Village, Dongcheng District. The South Gate Tower of Shangliu has two walls, each of which is 65,438+04.5m long and 65,438+0.6m wide. They are composed of three rows, one horizontal and seven layers of bricks, with a length of 32 cm, a width of 65,438+05 cm and a thickness of 6. 5 centimeters. They are pink and yellow, belonging to the Tang Dynasty.
In the fourth year (523), Solo County was added to Xinning County. It was abolished in the first year of Gan Yuan in Tang Dynasty (758). The former site of county governance is located at the foot of Lailong Mountain on the south side of Xialu Village in the southern fusion area of the county, which runs from southwest to northeast and is surrounded by the extension of Lailong Mountain on both sides. The terrain of the site is slightly higher than that of Lucun this summer. The old county is built on the mountain, with no defense facilities in the trench, covering an area of 8004 square meters. In the census of 1984, squares, grayish white and heavy tiles of the Tang Dynasty were collected in this site.
Wenjing Site is located next to the paddy field at the foot of Jingliaogang in the northwest suburb of the county (in front of Zhou Bei Primary School). In history, there is Wang Ming Dayong's "Wen Jing Ji", which says that "the spring water is sweet and bitter, and it is auspicious when it overflows." It's out of date now.
The Ming kiln site is located at the foot of Guantian Mountain, which is 1.5 km south of the county seat. There are more than 10 websites. The kiln site is 2m deep and 1.5m high, and each kiln has a capacity of 300 ~ 400 bricks. It was the kiln site for firing county bricks in the Ming Dynasty.
Guanyin Mountain Site Guanyin Mountain is located in the northern suburb of the county, formerly known as Xiagang. Because there is Kannonji under the post station, it is commonly known as "Guanyin Mountain". The gatepost is more than 40 meters high, protruding outside the Hedong Gate, standing side by side with the giant floating mountain on the other side, becoming the county gate. Xiaguanyin Temple in the west of Ganggang has 100 stone steps, leading to Zitong Temple in Ding Gang, Wenchang Pavilion and Honggong Temple in the east. The mountains are covered with long pines and camphor trees, lush, and the east slope faces the river, which was the planting place for students' Arbor Day in the Republic of China. There is a levee "Zitongwei" in the south, which leads directly to the urban area, and the Dongmen River, which passes through the mountain, has "Xiashanwan". Guanyin Mountain is a place where poets and poets visit, and it is also a place where county residents go for an outing. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to expand the county seat and develop the economy, the hills were leveled. The original site is more than 2700 square meters, and now it is the location of county non-staple food processing factory, county rosin factory and other enterprises. Zitongxu site Zitongxu was originally located in Shuijiekou, the county town, along Dongmen River to Guanyin Mountain. This is a river bank with a length of1.05km and a height of 5m. This is the largest dike in the county to protect the villages in the northern suburb of the county, Qiao Ting and Po, and the rice fields in Qiaoting Cave have not been flooded. It was built in the Song Dynasty and collapsed many times in previous dynasties. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the riverbank foundation was reinforced with masonry and cement, and it was changed to riverbank highway in 1977.
Highland Pagoda Site Highland Pagoda, also known as Xiayuan Pagoda, was originally a three-story wooden pagoda in the Tang Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, Tang Bangyan and Liang Jian built a 9-story brick tower with a height of 15 feet, which later collapsed. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Li Yu in Nanwai restored the old appearance of nine-story hexagonal brick and wood structure, which is the highest point of the county's buildings. /kloc-in the winter of 0/948, Xinxing County Government demolished the four-story tower and replaced the fifth floor with batteries. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the remnant tower has been demolished. The current address is the warehouse and dormitory of county food company and county medicine company.
Zeng Shouyi's hometown Zeng Shouyi's ancestral home is Yunfu County. Qingchuan Dong Bing Road Chongqing Magistrate. I once received an old house in Zhuyuanwo Village, Hezaikou, Hetou Town, Yunfu County (now Xinxing County), and there is still the word "Confucian Forest" on the screen wall of the ancestral temple in the second village; In the ancestral hall of Zhuwanwo, there is still an ancient wooden plaque "Observation" hanging on the door.