Siyang County is located in the hinterland of northern Jiangsu, with geographical coordinates between 118°20′~118°45′ east longitude and 33°23′~33°58′ north latitude. It borders Huaiyin District, Huai'an City in the east and Hongze in the south.

The lake borders Shuyang County to the north, Sucheng and Suyu District to the west, and Sihong County to the southwest.

The total area of ??the county is 1,418 square kilometers.

Among them, the land area is 998 square kilometers, accounting for 70.38% of the total area; the water area is 420 square kilometers, accounting for 29.62% of the total area.

There are 70,603 hectares of arable land in the land area.

Siyang County has no hills and belongs to the yellow alluvial plain.

The general terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east, and the relative elevation of the ground is mostly between 12 and 17 meters.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal crosses 50 kilometers from east to west and becomes a natural "watershed".

South of the canal, high in the north and low in the south, the rivers all flow into Hongze Lake and belong to the Huaihe River system; north of the canal, high in the south and low in the north, the rivers all belong to the Yi and Shu water systems.

There are more than 30 large and small rivers in the county, with a total length of nearly 700 kilometers.

The soil in Siyang County is divided into three types: fluvo-aquic soil, sandy soil, and yellow-brown loam.

Fluvo-aquic soil has the largest area and the widest distribution, accounting for about 80% of the total area.

The soil quality is poor, and the area of ??medium- and low-yield fields is large.

At present, the stock of living poplar trees in the county has reached 5 million cubic meters, the annual wood processing volume exceeds 1 million cubic meters, the annual growth volume is 1 million cubic meters, and the fast-growing poplar tree coverage rate is 42%; Siyang has the environment to maintain a pure natural ecology

The water surface is 650,000 acres, with an annual output of more than 100,000 tons of green aquatic products such as turtles, crabs, and shrimps. High-quality, pollution-free agricultural products are sold in large and medium-sized cities such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai; Siyang Cotton Original Breeding Farm is the only national-level cotton breeding site in the province.

Base, Siyang Cotton is famous all over the country.

Siyang has a long history and has undergone many changes. Its establishment began in the Zhou Dynasty and was established in the Qin Dynasty. It has been more than 3,000 years since the founding of the Yu State in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Ling County was established in the Qin Dynasty and renamed Xiyou County in the Western Han Dynasty.

In the first year of Yuanding (116 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Siyang County; in the fourth year of Yuanding (113 BC), the Sishui Kingdom was established in Siyang, Lingxian, Yuxian and other places, with the capital in Lingcheng (today's Zhongzhong).

Lingcheng Village in Xingzhen).

Wars continued frequently after the Han Dynasty, and the name of Siyang's establishment changed. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was called Weiyang, during the Jin Dynasty it was called Suyu, in the Tang Dynasty it was changed to Suqian, and in the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277) it was renamed Taoyuan County.

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), it was renamed Siyang County because of the same name as Taoyuan County in Hunan Province.

In the spring of the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the Japanese army fell into Si and the county seat was destroyed.

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the anti-Japanese democratic regime in Siyang County was established.

In order to adapt to the war situation, four county-level democratic governments were established in Siyang and parts of neighboring counties: Sishu, Huaisi, Siyang and the Canal Special Zone.

In the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), the Canal Special Zone was withdrawn. In the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), Huaisi was transferred to Siyang. In May of the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), Sishu merged with Siyang, and the original state was basically restored.

Siyang was established, and the county government was located in Zhongxing Town, under the jurisdiction of Huaiyin District (today's Huai'an City).

In 1996, it was placed under the newly established Suqian City.