Li Bai (February 8, 711-February 762), whose name was Taibai, was also called "the fallen immortal" (He Zhizhang commented on Li Bai, and Li Bai also boasted himself), was a well-known person. Han nationality, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, was honored as "Poet Fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Li Du" with Du Fu. Born in Qinglian Township, jiangyou city City, Sichuan Province, his ancestral home was Chengji in Longxi (now southwest of Jingning County, Gansu Province). The other said that Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions of Central Asia (near tokmak, east of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan). At the age of 4, he moved to Changlong County, Mianzhou, Sichuan Province (now jiangyou city, Sichuan Province, represented by Guo Moruo).

Li Bai was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but he spent most of his life roaming around China. At the age of twenty, he left Sichuan alone and began to roam widely, reaching Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and Wu and Yue in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province) and Yingshan (now Guangshui City, Hubei Province). He traveled everywhere, hoping to make friends and visit celebrities, so as to be introduced, ascend to a high position in one fell swoop, and realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of roaming, I have accomplished nothing. He continued to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province), east to Qi and Lu, and lived in Rencheng, Shandong Province (now Jining, Shandong Province). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a large number of excellent poems, which are famous all over the world. Li Bai didn't want to be an official in the exam, but his poems were famous all over the world when he was young. He once wrote a book with Han Jingzhou, a famous contemporary, to recommend himself, but there was no reply from Han Jingzhou to Li Bai in history. Until the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called to Chang 'an for the recommendation of Taoist Wu Jun, and he dedicated himself to Hanlin. His articles were elegant and famous, and Du Fu's Eight Immortals in Drinking. The son of heaven called and didn't get on the boat, claiming that the minister was a fairy in wine. " Strange sentences of. Under the background of the complicated history of the feudal dynasty at that time, Li Bai was appreciated by Xuanzong because of his talent. Later, he abandoned his official position and went on his wandering life after only three years in Beijing. In the second year after the Anshi Rebellion, he was angry and difficult, and once joined the shogunate of Yong Wang Li Lin. Unfortunately, Yong Wang and Su Zong fought for the throne. After the defeat, Li Bai was dragged into exile in Yelang (now in Guizhou) and was pardoned on the way. In his later years, he drifted to the southeast, and Li Yangbing (uncle Li Bai), the magistrate of Dangtu County, soon died of illness. He was drunk and drowned in the water.

Li Bai's poems are mainly lyrical. His poetic style is bold, elegant and free-spirited, with rich imagination, natural language flow and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutritional materials from folk songs and myths, which forms his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors. After Qu Yuan, he was the first one who could really absorb its rich nutrition from folk literature and art at that time and Yuefu folk songs since Qin, Han and Wei, and concentrated on improving it to form his unique style. He was the most outstanding romantic poet in China after Qu Yuan, representing the new peak of Chinese classical positive romantic poetry. He has extraordinary artistic talent and majestic artistic power. All the surprising, exciting and thought-provoking phenomena can be traced to the bottom of the pen. < P > When Li Bai was young, he was fond of Ren Xia, and he was happy. Mianzhou, where Changlong is located, has been an active place of Taoism since the end of Han Dynasty. Therefore, since he was a teenager, Li Bai often went to Dai Tianshan to look for Taoist priests to talk about Taoist scriptures. Later, he lived in seclusion in Minshan with a hermit named Dongyanzi, devoted himself to his studies, and did not enter the city for many years. They have raised many exotic birds and worked as animal keepers in the mountain forest where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, accustomed to breeding, fly in for food regularly, as if they can understand people's language. At the sound of a call, they fly down the steps from all directions, and even peck at the grain in people's hands without fear. This incident was spread as an anecdote from far and near, and finally the secretariat of Mianzhou personally went to the mountains to watch the birds eat. Seeing that they could direct the movements of birds, the secretariat decided that they had Daoism, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Daoist exam. However, both of them politely refused. At that time, the famous strategist Zhao Qi [ruí] was also a good friend of Li Bai, who wrote ten volumes of Long and Short Classics in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 716). Li Bai was only sixteen at that time. Zhao Kun's strategical work, which studies the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzes the situation in the world, and stresses the way to rise and fall and control chaos, has aroused great interest of Li Bai. He is bent on making contributions in the future and likes to talk about the way of Wang Ba, which is also influenced by this book.

Li Bai had four wives in his life. The first one was the granddaughter of former Prime Minister Xu Yushi. The second one, Liu; The third, Donglu woman, whose name is unknown; The fourth is the granddaughter of Zong Chuke, the former prime minister. He has two sons and one daughter, one of whom was born in Xu Shi. His son's name is Boqin, nicknamed "Mingyue Nu". There are many girls named "Ayi Nu" in Uygur. "Ayi" is the moon, "Nu" is the light, Mingyue Nu, the moon is a free translation, and Nu is a transliteration; Female name: Pingyang; The other son was born to a woman in Donglu, named Poli. The reason why Li Bai named his children this way is related to the broken leaves that once lived in his family. At that time, Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrianism prevailed in West Asia and Central Asia, worshiping the heavens, the earth, the sun, the moon and the fire.

The first wife was in Anlu, Hubei Province in 727 AD, through the matchmaking of two friends, Hu Ziyang and Ma Zhenggong, and married the granddaughter of former Prime Minister Xu Yushi. Actually, she was not married at all, but became a son-in-law with an inverted door. Since Li Bai has lived in his father-in-law's house for ten years after marriage, the taste of being dependent on others has made him very depressed, and there is no mind to ponder other things. This is Li Bai's first marriage. Perhaps he still treated it with a very responsible attitude. And judging from the fact that he had a son, a daughter and two sons after marriage, the marriage life of both parties was still very harmonious. Xu Shi died in 738 AD.

Second wife, in 739 AD, that is, 12 years after his first marriage and one year after his first wife's death, Li Bai married a woman named Liu. Soon, because Liu looked down on Li Bai, Li Bai left angrily.

Li Bai and his second wife, Liu, are at odds, which is also reflected in the poem "Children from Nanling Enter Beijing". In the poem, "A foolish woman will be treated with contempt for a minister" refers to his second wife, Liu, with the allusion that Zhu Maichen, a famous official in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was despised by his wife, which shows that Liu has some influence.

The third wife, in 745 AD, Li Bai was in Rencheng, Shandong Province, and married a local woman. At this time, Li Baigang came out of Chang 'an, the capital, carrying a big bag of gold and silver treasures and Du Fu and Gao Shi all the way through Shangqiu, Henan Province, and stayed here for a long time. After breaking up with the two of them, Li Bai went to Mount Tai to get a Taoist priest himself, passing by Rencheng, and he met this woman, and they hit it off. This wife of Li Bai gave birth to a son for him, and Li Bai bought a large number of land properties in Yanzhou, Shandong Province. After that, he gave these land properties to his wife in his wandering life. It can be seen that Li Bai trusted his wife very much. Unfortunately, this wife died after they got married for five years.

The fourth wife, Zong Chuke's granddaughter Zongshi, met Wu Zetian in Kaifeng, Henan in 751 AD. It was quite romantic to talk about their acquaintance. It was said that Li Bai was drunk in Liangyuan, and his poetry was booming. She wrote the famous poem "Poems on Liangyuan" on the wall, and after writing it, she probably found a corner to pee, and then she lifted her gown and left. Shortly after leaving, the Zongs came here with their servants. When they saw this poem, they couldn't let it go for a long time. Just as the people in Liangyuan saw it, they were about to wipe it off, so Zong asked not to wipe it off, and spent a lot of money to buy this wall. So this story of "a thousand dollars to buy a wall" was left. In many historical records, it is described that this Zongshi is a talented and beautiful lady, and the beauty of Zongshi is also a loyal Taoist believer. It can be said that Li Bai is like-minded. When Li Bai was imprisoned for Li Lin's case and sent to Yelang, the Zongs also rescued him many times, and the two never met again. Li Bai liked his last wife, the Zong clan, and once wrote a poem "From Generation to Generation" to express his thoughts on his wife.

Second, brave the sword and travel far

In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (AD 725), Li Bai went out to Shu, "brave the sword and go abroad, leaving his relatives to travel far". He took a boat out of the gorge along the river and drifted away, and the mountains in his hometown gradually disappeared beyond recognition. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat and sending him to a strange and distant city.

1. Jiangling meets Sima Chengzhen: Li Bai didn't expect an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist revered by three emperors. Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist priest in Tiantai, not only learned a whole set of Taoist spells, but also wrote a good seal script, and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much. He once called him to the inner hall to consult the scriptures, built a balcony view for him, and sent his younger sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism with her. Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and also sent his own poems for his review. Li Bai's elegant appearance and extraordinary qualifications made Sima Chengzhen appreciate it very much at first sight, but he was even more amazed when he read his poems, praising him as "a sage-like style, which can make him wander with his mind". Because he saw that Li Bai was not only distinguished in appearance, but also superior in talent and writing, and he didn't draw attention from the contemporary Rong Lu officials. This was a talent he had never met in the opposition for decades, so he praised him with the highest praise from Taoism. That is to say, he has a "immortal root", that is, he is born immortal, which is similar to what He Zhizhang later praised him as a "fallen immortal", and they all regard him as an extraordinary person. This is the general impression of Li Bai's demeanor and poetic style.

Li Bai rejoiced at Sima Chengzhen's high evaluation. He is determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal world as "the table of wandering octupole". Excited, he wrote a great poem "Dapeng meets a bird", which used Dapeng as a metaphor and boasted about its huge speed. This is Li Bai's earliest world-famous article. From Jiangling, he started his flying in Wan Li.

2. Li Bai, a friend buried in Dongting, went south from Jiangling, passed Yueyang, and then went south, and reached one of the destinations of this trip. However, while boating in Dongting, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion Wu Guide, who came from Sichuan, died of a sudden illness (or was beaten to death). Li Bai was very sad. He fell down beside his friend and cried loudly, "Tears are followed by blood". Because he cried too much, passers-by cried for it. Encountered such misfortune on the journey, it was really helpless. Li Bai had to bury Wu Zhidao at the Dongting Lake for the time being, and continued to travel east by himself, determined to carry his friend's bones after his trip to the southeast. Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain, where he wrote the well-known "Looking at Lushan Waterfall".

3. A trip to the south of the Yangtze River

Li Bai went to Jinling, the old capital of the Six Dynasties. This place is majestic, with a tiger sitting on a dragon plate and a palace in the Six Dynasties. This not only aroused many feelings of Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in his time. He believes that the old capital has been in a state of decay, and there is nothing to watch, which is not as good as the emperor's rule, and the world presents a peaceful scene. Although the domineering spirit of Jinling has disappeared, the children of Jinling have received Li Bai with deep affection. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji pressed the wine, and Jinling's children sent them to each other diligently, frequently raising glasses to persuade them to drink. The feeling of farewell flowed through people's hearts like a flowing river, which made people unforgettable. After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he went to Yangzhou from the river. Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai has never seen such a lively city, and has been hanging around with fellow travelers for some time. In the midsummer, Li Bai and some young friends "are under the horse, and they are on the side of Oubei Avenue. Look at the green water on the horizon and see the green hills on the sea. "It's so pleasant. In autumn, he fell ill in Huainan (Yangzhou). Sick in a foreign country, he has a lot of thoughts. He laments that he has little hope of making achievements and misses his hometown deeply. The only thing that can bring him some comfort is the letters from friends far away.

after Li Bai recovered from his illness in Huainan, he went to Gusu. This is the place where Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and Xi Shi, a beautiful woman, were singing and dancing day and night. Li Bai felt nostalgic and wrote an epic poem "Wuqi Qu". This poem was later praised by He Zhizhang, calling it "can make the gods cry". From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes use old topics, they are more innovative. The historical sites in Gusu certainly aroused Li Bai's nostalgia for the past, and the beautiful and simple Wu Ji and Yue Nv even made Li Bai admire himself. In the past, under the Diluo Mountain, where Xi Shi used to huansha, Li Bai left a beautiful sketch for Yue Nv on the huansha stone with his own wonderful pen. Li Bai returned to Jingmen from the west. He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he was homesick, he didn't achieve anything in his career, and he felt it difficult to return to his hometown. Finally, he decided to roam again. First, he came to Dongting Lake and buried the bones of Wu Guide in Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). He met Monk Hangrong in Jiangxia, and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to visit Meng Haoran, and wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "a message to meng haoran". Soon after, Li Bai arrived in Anlu and settled down in the Taoist temple in Xiaoshou Mountain. However, seclusion here is not a long-term solution, and he still wants to find opportunities for career advancement. When he lived in seclusion in Shoushan, Li Bai made friends with officials by lobbying to improve his reputation. Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Wu Hou's prime minister, Xu Yushi, who recruited him as a son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife, Xu Shi, lived a happy married life under the Taohua Rock in Baizhaoshan, which is near the Xu family. However, the beautiful life of husband and wife did not make Li Bai's ambition to go out and roam for success decline. Based on his wife's family in Anzhou, he traveled several times, met some officials and nobles, and in the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), he met Han Chaozong, the long history of Jingzhou and the secretariat of Xiangzhou.

3. Once in Chang 'an

Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, he had hunted many times, and every time he took foreign envoys with him to show off his strength, so as to deter neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (A.D. 735), Xuanzong hunted again, and it happened that Li Bai was also traveling to the west, hoping to win the appreciation of Xuanzong because he was on the Great Hunting Fu.

in his ode to the Great Hunting, he hoped that "the main road was magnificent, showing things around the world", while "the garden of the sacred dynasty was remote and desolate, and the situation was very different from that of the previous generation", boasting that the dynasty was far superior to the Han Dynasty, and preaching the mysterious burial of Taoism at the end, in line with Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time. The purpose of Li Baixi's visit is to offer gifts. In addition, he also takes this opportunity to visit Chang 'an and appreciate the scenery of this "pilgrimage of all nations". He lives at the foot of Mount Zhongnan. "He often climbs to Mount Zhongnan and overlooks it. When he climbed the North Peak of Zhongnanshan, he was presented with the style of a great country. He deeply feels that it is extraordinary to live in such a country, so he is quite proud. But the thought of the decadent factors in this prosperous empire hit his lofty mood again. After Li Bai entered Chang 'an, he met Wei Wei Zhang Qing, and through him, he presented a poem to Princess Yuzhen. The last two sentences said, "When there are few people, the Queen Mother should meet", which is to wish her enlightenment. Li Bai also stated in his poem to send Wei Wei Zhang Qing that his situation was very difficult, and he hoped to introduce him and would serve the court. As a result, he approached the upper class of the ruling class step by step. Li Bai also met He Zhizhang in Chang 'an this time. Li Bai once went to the Purple Pole Palace, but unexpectedly