classification: life > > Cuisine/cooking
Analysis:
Cinnamomum cassia is the dry bark of Cinnamomum cassia belonging to Lauraceae. Alias Mu Gui, Jian Gui and Yu Gui. Its branches (Cinnamomum cassia) and young fruits (Cinnamomum cassia) can also be used as medicine. Cinnamon bark is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and condiment, which has the functions of warming kidney and tonifying yang, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Cinnamomum cassia oil distilled from Cinnamomum cassia leaves is a synthetic raw material of precious spices and various organic spices, and can be used medicinally. Now cinnamon oil has been widely used in the catering industry. Its wood is a good material for furniture. Location: Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces.
1. Land selection and preparation. Nursery land should be selected in sandy loam with good drainage, moist and fertile soil layer and loose soil layer. The slope direction should be toward the southeast, close to the water source, so as to facilitate drought resistance during drought. After selection, it should be plowed for 2-3 times, and organic fertilizers such as manure or compost should be applied at the same time, and then the ridge with a width of 1-1.2 m and a height of 15-21 cm should be made.
Cinnamomum cassia forest land should be selected in the southeast slope with abundant sunshine and no cold wind, and in the middle of the mountain with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil, good drainage and no erosion. Slightly acidic sandy loam is better.
2. Propagation method
(1) Seedling raising: This method is mainly used in production
① Seeding and seedling raising. Sowing is best when you pick it. Soak the seeds in 1.3% formalin solution for 31 minutes before sowing. Use on-demand, the row spacing is 21-25cm, the spacing between plants is 6-9cm, and the covering soil is about 2cm. The sowing rate per mu is 16-18kg. Cover the bed with grass to keep it moist, water it every 4-5 days, and uncover the grass after germination and excavation 21-31 days after sowing, and then set up a shed for shade. One-year-old seedlings with a height of 21 cm and a ground diameter of more than 1.5 cm can be selected for forest.
② seedling raising by sprouting and promoting roots: this method is specially used for cultivating seedlings needed by big trees. In the first ten days of April, select 1-2-year-old sprouting tillers with a height of 1.5-2m and a diameter of 2-3.5cm from the sprouting plants, peel them close to the ground, and then cultivate the soil to promote rooting for 1 years before transplanting.
(2) afforestation. Afforestation time should be around the vernal equinox. Apply 511 kilograms of pig manure and 51 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu. Afforestation density varies with the operation of dwarf trees or trees. The plant spacing for dwarf plants is 1-1.2m, and the row spacing is 1.2-1.5m. For arbor trees, the row spacing is 4-5m and 5-6m respectively, and the specifications of planting holes are 51cm× 51cm× 41cm.
3. Tending management: After the seedlings are planted, they should be covered and shaded in time. After 2-3 years of planting, intercropping between forest and grain or planting shaded crops can be carried out. Pay attention to weeding in summer and autumn and topdressing in winter. By strengthening tending management. Cinnamon can be peeled in 5 years.
4, pest control
(1) Root rot: In the rainy season, in the nursery with poor drainage, the soil performance is serious, and the prevention methods are as follows: ① prevention of water accumulation; (2) Find the diseased plants in time, pull them out and burn them, and disinfect the border with quicklime.
(2) Brown spot of Cinnamomum cassia leaves: it occurs in April-May, and can be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture to harm new leaves.
(3) Cinnamomum cassia is one of the main pests of Cinnamomum cassia. Control methods: ① During the hatching period of its larvae, it can be sprayed with 51% Phoxim EC 1,111-1,511 times or 2.5% triamcinolone acetonide 4,111 times, once every 11 days, and sprayed 2-3 times; (2) powder spraying with Beauveria bassiana; (3) combined with pruning, pruning.
(4) Leaf Curler: In summer and autumn, the larvae curl several leaves into nests and lurk in them, which harms the seedlings. Control method: spray with trichlorfon 1,111 times solution or 81% dichlorvos emulsion 1,511 times solution.
(5) Cinnamomum brownii and larvae harm the trunk. Prevention and control methods: ① Insert iron wire into the moth-eaten milk of trunk larvae in summer and autumn to stab the larvae, or insert dichlorvos cotton into the wormhole to poison them. ② At the beginning of April, adults were found and killed artificially.
5. Harvesting and processing
The purpose of dwarf forest operation is to collect leaves, steam oil and produce products such as Guitong and Guixin. After afforestation for 3-5 years, 41-51 kilograms of cinnamon can be peeled per mu on average, and 1.5-1.7 kilograms of cinnamon leaf steam oil can be harvested every year. The appropriate time for peeling cinnamon is in late March, when the bark is easy to peel off and the roots sprout quickly.
The purpose of arbor is to cultivate cinnamon, cinnamon and seeds. After afforestation, the bark of Cinnamomum cassia is cut and peeled in 15-21 years. Those harvested in February-March are called Chungui, and the quality is poor. In late June, a circle of bark can be peeled off at the base of the tree first. It can not only increase the oil accumulation in phloem, but also be beneficial to peeling.
after harvesting, cinnamon should be processed, and the processing specifications are as follows:
Full-edge cinnamon: peel cinnamon over 11 years old, cut both ends evenly, put them in wooden concave-convex plates, and dry them.
cinnamon: put cinnamon in a cinnamon clip, sun-dry it to 71% to 81%, take it out, stack it vertically and horizontally, press it and dry it.
Osmanthus fragrans (Osmanthus fragrans): Peel the dry bark and thick branch bark of 5-6 year-old young trees, dry them in the sun for 1-2 days, roll them into a tube and dry them in the shade.