Jiaozi has a very long history. In its long development process, there are many names, such as "prison pill", "flat food", "jiaozi bait" and "pink corner" in ancient times. It was called "Crescent Wonton" in the Three Kingdoms period, "Wonton" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, "Crescent Wonton" in the Tang Dynasty, "Corner" in the Song Dynasty and "Flat Food" in the Yuan Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty was called "Jiaozi".
origin
Jiaozi originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was initiated by Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage. At that time, jiaozi was used as medicine, and Zhang Zhongjing wrapped some herbs in the dough to treat diseases (mutton, pepper, etc. ) to avoid frostbite of patients' ears. During the Three Kingdoms period, jiaozi has become a kind of food, known as "Crescent Moon Wonton". This kind of food is recorded in the book Guangya written by Wei. According to Guang Ya written by zhang yi, wei ren of the Three Kingdoms, there was a crescent-shaped food called "wonton" at that time, which was basically similar to jiaozi.
Northern and southern dynasties
By the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wonton had been "shaped like a crescent moon, and it was delicious all over the world". Presumably, jiaozi didn't take it out and eat it alone when cooking, but put it in a bowl with the soup, so people called jiaozi "wonton" at that time. This way of eating is still very popular in some areas of China. For example, people in Henan and Shaanxi eat jiaozi, so they should put some small ingredients in the soup, such as coriander, chopped green onion, shrimp skin and leek.
the Tang Dynasty
Around the Tang Dynasty, jiaozi was fished out and put on a plate to eat alone, almost like jiaozi today. Also known as "Crescent Moon Wonton". There are 229 species of jiaozi in Bai Jiao Garden, which are divided into ten series, including vegetarian stuffing, aquatic products, wild vegetables, health care and seafood.
Song dynasty
Jiaozi was called "Joule" in Song Dynasty, which is the etymology of the word "Jiaozi" in later generations. This kind of writing can still be seen in the following Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called "dried meat with double horns".
Jiaozi was introduced to Mongolia in the Song Dynasty. After Jiaozi was introduced to Mongolia, it was quickly influenced by the uninhibited personality of Mongolian compatriots. Jiaozi's pronunciation in Mongolian is similar to "Bian Shi". Jiaozi's style has also changed from thin stuffing to thick stuffing. With the conquest of the Mongolian empire, flat food also spread to all parts of the world. There are many varieties such as Russian jiaozi, Kazakh jiaozi and Korean jiaozi. The Mongol Empire made great contributions to the spread of China and jiaozi to the whole world. Books in the Ming Dynasty also confirmed this point. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Ten Thousand Miscellanies written by Shen Bang recorded: "New Year's Day, New Year's greetings, making plaque food". Liu Ruoyu said in the Proceedings: "Eating fruit snacks is also a plaque on the first day of the New Year's Day." It can be seen that eating flat food in the north of Ming Dynasty has replaced eating jiaozi, rice cakes and other foods in the New Year.
#p# Paging Title #e# Qing Dynasty
In the Qing Dynasty, some new terms about jiaozi appeared, such as "jiaozi", "water snack" and "boiled beans". The increase of jiaozi's name indicates that its spreading area is expanding, and the custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival has become quite popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally, jiaozi should wrap it up before midnight (it is now 23: 00 p.m.) and eat it at midnight. At this time, it is the beginning of the first day of the first lunar month. Eating jiaozi means "making friends when you are young", and "Zi" is homophonic with "jiaozi", which means "reunion" and "good luck".
According to the draft of Qing history, "On New Year's Day, people will leave together when they are happy, such as eating flat food and becoming famous, which means making friends when they are young." He also said, "Every year on the first day of the Lunar New Year, people, rich or poor, use white bread to make jiaozi. This is called cooking cakes, which is the same all over the country. A wealthy family is hidden in gold and silver treasures. If it succeeds, those who provide food for their families will be lucky in the end. " This shows that people eat jiaozi in the Spring Festival, which means good luck, to show that they will bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. "Clear Money" edited by my friend Tsui Hark said: "There is stuffing in it, or it is called powder horn-both steamed and fried can be eaten, and the boiled soup is called jiaozi." And "the first day of the first month to the fifth day of the first month is the fifth day. The old example is to drink water in jiaozi for five days and make cakes every day." With commercialization and population mobility, the south is also learning the traditional culture of the north. If you don't eat jiaozi on holidays, the brand "Auntie Dumplings" appears in Changzhou. In Guangdong, some immigrant cities, such as Zhuhai, Dongguan and Shenzhen, have gradually adopted the custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival. In addition, there is a custom of eating jiaozi in Fujian and Hakka areas, but this is not necessary for the New Year or festivals in China.
It is precisely because of China's rich and colorful culture that the diversity of local customs and cultures will be formed. We should learn to recognize and respect differences, promote the harmonious and unified development of Chinese culture, and make the earth culture more unique and diverse.